DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
Dr.Girishbabu R J1*, Dr.Prakash R1 & Dr.Prashanth H V2
Affiliation:- 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor ,Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur- 572107, Karnataka, India.
Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections that lead patients to seek medical care. The incidence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been steadily increasing over the past few years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study was to isolate, identify and to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections and also to determine the extended spectrum beta lactamase production of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Settings and design: Hospital based Prospective study. Materials & Methods: The study includes 3060 clinically suspected cases of urinary tract infection over a period of one year. Isolates were identified by conventional methods. Isolated Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which showed resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were tested for extended spectrum beta lactamase production by phenotypic confirmatory test as proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document. Statistical Analysis: The results were analyzed using mean, median and Chi-square (χ2) test. Results: Of the 3060 urine samples processed 990 (32.35%) samples yielded various bacterial isolates. Extended spectrum beta lactamase production was observed in 174 (38%) of Escherichia coli isolates and in 102 (42%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: Our results showed Escherichia coli as predominant organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be more extended spectrum beta lactamase producer when compared to Escherichia coli.
Key Words:- Escherichia coli, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Urinary tract infection.
References:-
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14.Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS, editors. Infections of the urinary tract In: Bailey & Scotts diagnostic microbiology. 11th ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2002. p. 927-938.
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Copyright © 2013 Girishbabu R J, Prakash R & Prashanth H V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
*1Keswani Kiran,2Babaji Prashant, 3Punga Rohit, 4 Choudhary Swati & 5Kamble Suresh
Affiliation:-
1,4 Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry,2Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics, 3,Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Surgery, Vyas dental College, Jodhpur, India, 5Professor Department of Prasthodontics, MIDC dental college, Latur, Maharastra, India.
Abstract:
Mandibular molars sometimes can present with variation called radix entomolaris, which is an additional root located distolingually (the radix entomolaris). If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of the root canal treatment. This case report discusses the morphological characteristics of radix entomolaris and judicious clinical approach towards its successful endodontic treatment.
Key Words: Distolingual root, Endodontic management, Radix entomolaris.
References:-
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3.Abella F, Patel S, Duran-Sindreu F, Mercade M, Roig M. Mandibular first molars with disto-lingual roots: review and clinical management. Int Endod J 2012; 45(11):963-78.
4.Song JS, Choi HJ, Jung IY, Jung HS, Kim SO. The prevalence and morphologic classification of distolingual roots in the mandibular molars in a Korean population. J of Endod 2010; 36: 653-7.
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7.Patel S. New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 2. Cone beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2009; 42: 463-75.
Article citation:-
Keswani Kiran et al. Endodontic management of Radix Entomolaris-a case report. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1247-1249.
Copyright © 2013 Keswani Kiran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Letter to Editor
Yadavalli Guruprasad1* & Dinesh Singh Chauhan1
Affiliations:-
*1Assistant Professor,1Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery AME’S Dental College Hospital & Research Centre,Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India.
References:-
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Article citation:-
Yadavalli Guruprasad & Dinesh Singh Chauhan. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Senna spectabilis in alloxan induced diabetic male mice. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1245-1246.
Copyright © 2013 Yadavalli Guruprasad & Dinesh Singh Chauhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Kandula Satish1*,Lakshmana Kumar N2,Kartika Balaji S3,Siva Rama Krishna C4 & Hasika R5
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry,3Senior resident, Department of Anaesthesiology,4Postgraduate, Department of Pharmacology,5Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology,GSL Medical College, Lakshmipuram, Rajahmundry 533296, AP, India.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the micro vascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of DR and its association with gender, age, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) in known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban and rural population of Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods: 293 known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the present study for ophthalmological examination, BMI calculation after recording gender, age and duration of diabetes. Cases were divided in to normal cases and DR cases. Prevalence calculation and group wise analysis was done.
Results: Prevalence of DR is 19.1% at 95% confidence level (CL); confidence interval (CI): 4.5. There is significant variation of age (P value=0.000), duration of diabetes (P value=0.000) between normal cases and DR cases. There is no difference of BMI between groups. Female cases with DR have significantly higher BMI (P value=0.019). Cases with age over 60 and duration of diabetes of more than 10 years have higher risk of developing DR.
Conclusion: Regular screening and awareness programs are required to detect and prevent DR. Further analysis of other parameter is required to study DR in this area.
Key Words: Age; Body mass index; Diabetic Retinopathy; Duration of diabetes.
References:
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Kandula Satish et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in known cases of type 2 diabetes in urban and rural population. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1256-1259.
Copyright © 2013 Kandula Satish et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Modi Syamal1*,2 & Chachan Smriti3,4
Affiliation:-
1Tutor, Department of microbiology, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India.
2Consultant microbiologist, Modi Diagnostics, Road number 11/F, Rajendra nagar, Patna-800016, Bihar, India.
3DNB Trainee (Family medicine), Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India.
4Visiting consultant, Modi nursing home, Road number 11/F, Rajendra nagar, Patna-800016, Bihar, India.
Abstract:
Context: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of morbidity especially in women, both in outpatient as well as in hospitalized settings. Prompt detection and treatment strategies are required for UTI, and in spite of the availability of a wide spectrum of antibiotics, UTI remains a major challenge for the clinician to treat especially with the emergence of new bacterial strains producing extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). Information on ESBL producing organisms causing UTI in India is limited. Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens is mandatory for appropriate therapy.
Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of UTI at a medical centre in Patna, perform phenotypic characterization of the urinary isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns so as to identify the ESBL producers in the population of different uropathogens.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred urinary isolates from patients of clinically suspected UTI, presenting to a multi-speciality nursing home in Patna, were analyzed in this study. Urine cultures were performed on 5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkey agar. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed on Mueller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates resistant to cephotaxime were subjected to double disk synergy test method to detect ESBL production and the NCCLS-ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test to confirm ESBL production. Results: Females were found to suffer from UTI 1.85 times more frequently than males. Majority of patients (58.5%) were between 20-50 years of age. The gram negative bacilli were isolated more frequently (85.0%) than the gram positive cocci (15.0%). Majority of the isolates were Escherichia coli (60.0%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (17.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%). The E. coli and Klebsiella isolates showed low sensitivity to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporins. All gram negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem. All gram positive isolates were sensitive to amoxycillin+clavulanate and vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus strains showed low sensitivity towards ampicillin (21.78%) and cotrimoxazole (34.83%) but relatively higher sensitivities to the other antibiotics. 24.70% of gram negative bacilli were found to be ESBL producers, mainly 18 isolates of E.coli (15.0%) and 14 of Klebsiella spp. (40.0%). None of the gram positive isolates was found to produce ESBL. Among the 42 ESBL producers, 97.61% strains were resistant to ampicillin, 95.23% to cotrimoxazole, 85.5% to amikacin, 73.83% to ciprofloxacin and 69.04% to levofloxacin. The ESBL producing isolates of E.coli showed co-resistance of 94.4% against ampicillin and 88.88% to cotrimoxazole and those of Klebsiella spp. showed 100.0% co-resistance against ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. However, all the isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance especially due to increasing prevalence of ESBL producers is becoming a big problem in the management of UTI patients. High rates of ESBL production may be due to indiscriminate use of extended spectrum antibiotics. Organisms confirmed to be ESBL producers should be reported resistant to all extended spectrum beta lactam antibiotics regardless of susceptibility results. It is important for clinical microbiology laboratory to be aware of these isolates and implement a method for detection of ESBL producing isolates. Active surveillance cultures, contact precautions for patients and judicious use of antimicrobials are required to significantly reduce the incidence of ESBL producers.
Key Words: Antimicrobial sensitivity, extended spectrum β lactamase, phenotypic, urine culture, urinary tract infection.
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Article citation:-
Modi Syamal & Chachan Smriti. Phenotypic characterization and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase production in urinary isolates from UTI patients at a medical centre in Patna, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1184-1191.
Copyright © 2013 Modi Syamal & Chachan Smriti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.