DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
1Mohammed Umar Ansari, 1GangashankarGarg, 2L.R.Lodha, 3S. U. Qureshi & *4 S.Porwal
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Professor and HOD,3Senior resident, Department of Anesthesiology, 4Associate professor, Department of surgery, SRG Hospital & Jhalawar Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan),India.
Abstract:
Background: Propofol is a most frequently used intravenous (IV) anaesthetic today. It is used for induction, maintenance of anaesthesia and for sedation in and out-side operating room. Propofol provides rapid onset and offset with context sensitive decrement times approximately 10minutes when infused for less than three hours and less than 40 minutes when infused for 8 hours. At therapeutic doses, propofol reduces a moderate depressant effect on ventilation. It causes a dose- dependent decrease in blood pressure primarily through a decrease in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. A unique action of propofol is its antiemetic effect, which remain present at concentration less than producing sedation. The induction dose is 1-2 mg /kg for loss of consciousness with a maintenance infusion of 100-200 mcg/kg/min. For conscious sedation, rates of 25 to 75 mcg/kg/min are usually adequate.
Although pain on injection still remains a considerable concern for the anaesthesiologist. A number of techniques has been tried to minimize propofol-induced pain with variable results. Recently, a 5HT3 antagonist, ondansetron pre- treatment has been shown to reduce propofol- induced pain. The aim of our randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study was to determine whether pre-treatment with intravenous ondansetron which is routinely used in our practice for prophylaxis of post – operative nausea and vomiting, would reduce propofol pain.
Methods: Eighty women, aged 18-50years, American society of anaesthesiologist grading (ASA) I-II, scheduled for various surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. One group received 2ml 0.9% sodium chloride while other group received 2ml ondansetron (2mg/ml) and was accompanied by manual venous occlusion for one min, then, 2ml propofol was injected through the same cannula. Patients were asked by a blinded investigator to score the pain on injection of propofol with a four point scale: 0= no pain, 1= mild pain, 2= moderate pain, 3= severe pain.
Results: Twenty four patients (60%) complaining of pain in the group pre- treated with normal saline as compared with six (15%) in the group pre-treated with ondansetron. Pain was reduced significantly in the ondansetron group.(P<0.05) severity of pain was also lesser in the ondansetron group compared with the placebo group(2.5%vs37.5%).
Conclusion: We conclude that pre-treatment with ondansetron along with venous occlusion for 1min for prevention of propofol induced pain was highly successful.
Key Words: Intravenous (I.V.) ondansetron; pain; pre- treatment; propofol injection.
Article citation:-
Ansari. M Umar, Garg. Gangashankar, Lodha L.R, Qureshi. S. U & Porwal. S. Pre- treatment with intravenous ondansetron to alleviate pain on propofol injection: A randomized, controlled & double-blind study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, July; 32(32): 1274-1278.
Copyright © 2013 Ansari. M Umar, Garg. Gangashankar, Lodha L.R, Qureshi. S. U & Porwal. S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-
*1Abhishek Singh Nayyar,2Mubeen Khan,3G.T.Subhas.
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati-Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India.
2Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
3Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Author’s contributions-All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
Epilepsy is described as a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin, presenting with episodes of sensory, motor or autonomic phenomenon with or, without loss of consciousness. Despite tremendous advances in the understanding regarding the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, phenytoin still remains the drug of choice in an effective and safer long term management of this disorder. The long term administration of phenytoin, however, has been seen to lead to a number of adverse effects including tremendous fall in the levels of folic acid leading to the onset of several related disorders, most prominently megaloblastic anemias. On the other hand, folates administered at pharmacological doses have been blamed for a decrease in the concentration of phenytoin which is severe enough to precipitate seizures. However, the use of folates as adjuvant to the routine anti-epileptic therapy to overcome such effects requires further evaluation before coming to a conclusion.
Key words: Epilepsy; chronic neurological disorder; megaloblastic anemias; phenytoin.
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Article citation:-
Abhishek Singh Nayyar, Mubeen Khan, G.T.Subhas, Rownak Khandelwal, Rahul Anand & Mohammed Imran. Phenytoin, epilepsy and folic acid interactions: Inside out. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1432-1438.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Abhishek Singh Nayyar, Mubeen Khan, G.T.Subhas. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Shakeel Sadia*1, Iffat Wajiha1, Yasmin Riffat1, Ali Huma2 & Ibrahim Sadaf3
Affiliation:-
1Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
2 Dr. Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
3Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Objectives: Aim of the present study was to identify pharmacy student’s perception towards the value and scope of community pharmacy in Pakistan and their attitude towards the course of community pharmacy.
Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted from Jan till Jun 2013. A pretested questionnaire comprising of 20 questions was administered to fourth and fifth professional pharmacy undergraduate students of different private and public sector universities of Karachi. The questionnaire sought the demographics of the students, their attitude towards the value and scope of community pharmacy in Pakistan and their perception towards the contents of the course of community pharmacy. Descriptive statistics on the sample characteristics and percentages was calculated. Independent sample t-test was used to observe influence of gender, institution and academic year on their opinions.
Results: Out of 525 students, 450 (85.7%) students responded to the questionnaire. The overall response of the participants towards the importance of the profession and course was positive. 85% of the students strongly recommended the availability of pharmacist in the community pharmacies. More than 50% of the respondent realized that working as community pharmacist is a great responsibility. About 60% of respondents strongly agreed that the course is helpful in enhancing the status of the community health in population.
Conclusions: It is concluded that our undergraduate pharmacy students showed positive attitude towards the community pharmacy practice and highlighted the need of community pharmacist in healthcare system of Pakistan. As the pharmacists have a significant impact on public health and improving patient’s quality of life therefore the current practice of community pharmacists needs further improvement.
Key Words: Community pharmacy practice, Community pharmacy course, student’s perception, health status, Pakistan.
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Article citation:-
Shakeel Sadia, Iffat Wajiha,Yasmin Riffat,Ali Huma & Ibrahim Sadaf. Pharmacy student’s perception and attitude towards the course and scope of community pharmacy in Pakistan. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1400-1406.
Copyright © 2013 Shakeel Sadia, Iffat Wajiha,Yasmin Riffat, Ali Huma & Ibrahim Sadaf. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Amit Pandey, 2Mohd. Farhan, 2Shahid Ajaz & 2Aquib Ansar
Affiliation:-
1MRD LifeSciences Pvt Ltd, Lucknow (UP), India-226010.
2 SHIATS, Allahabad (UP), India- 211007.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the importance of microflora in industry. The samples were collected from various places of Lucknow for “Optimization, production and characterization of industrial microflora”. According to result basis total 10 cultures were isolated and out of 10 only 4 cultures were identified through Bergey’s Manual. Further production, optimization were performed through various sources. The obtained cultures were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus megaterium. The culture conditions were checked at different parameters like-carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH and also metal ions at the concentration of 1%, 1% and 0.2% respectively. Further to check the better growth in various sources the optimized production media was prepared, according to the best result of optimization the activity was checked to enhance the production of various proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites.
Key Words: Optimization; Bergey’s manual; enzymes and secondary metabolites.
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Article citation:-
Pandey Amit, Mohd. Farhan, Shahid Ajaz & Aquib Ansar. Optimization and characterization of industrially used microflora, isolated from soil and water samples. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1370-1377. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Pandey Amit, Mohd.Farhan, Shahid Ajaz & Aquib Ansar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report:-
*1Ramachandran Sudarshan,2Rajeshwari G.Annigeri,3Ali IM & 4G. Sree Vijayabala
Affiliation:-
1Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Ultra Nagar, Madurai-Chennai Highway, Madurai - 625 104,India.
2Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
3Professor, College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
4Assistant Professor in Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, KK Nagar, Ashok Pillar road, Chennai, India.
Abstract:
Radiographs are the real boon not only to substantiate the diagnosis but also for the unpredicted diagnosis of lesions. One such accidentally detected lesion was odontogenic keratocyst. They are characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates. We report a case of male patient who had come with chief complaint of pain in the right lower back region past 2 days. So periapical radiograph of that region was taken which showed a large radiolucent area. To confirm the extent panoramic radiograph was taken which revealed the alarming extension of approximately from the midline to the distal of third molar. Further investigations were carried out for the confirmation of diagnosis. So enucleation along with extraction of the involved teeth was done.
Key Words: Odontogenic keratocyst; Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour; hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Article citation:-
Sudarshan Ramachandran,Annigeri Rajeshwari G, IM Ali & Vijayabala Sree G. Odontogenic keratocyst - A silent tumor. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1292-1298. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Sudarshan Ramachandran. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.