DocumentsDate added
Case report:
*1Satyaki Ganguly, 2Syamalendra M. Sinha & 3Lopamudra Ray
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Dept of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy,3Assistant Professor, Dept of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry-605014,India.
2Professor, Dept of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Katihar Medical College, Katihar-854105, Bihar,India.
Abstract:
Trichoepitheliomas are hamartomas of hair germ. Multiple trichoepitheliomas are mostly transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. A rare and unique case of multiple trichoepitheliomas, with extensive lesions but neither a positive family history nor findings in favour of any of the associated syndromes is being described here.
Key Words: Trichoepitheliomas; multiple.
References:
1.Harada H, Hashimoto K, Ko MS. The gene for multiple familial trichoepithelioma maps to chromosome 9p21. J Invest Dermatol. 1996 Jul;107(1):41-3. PMID: 8752837.
2.Michal M, Lamovec J, Mukensnabl P, Pizinger K. Spiradenocylindromas of the skin: tumors with morphological features of spiradenoma and cylindroma in the same lesion: report of 12 cases. Pathol Int. 1999 May; 49(5):419-25.PMID: 10417685.
3.Brooke JD, Fitzpatrick JE, Golitz LE. Papillary mesenchymal bodies: a histologic finding useful in differentiating trichoepithelioma from basal cell carcinomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21:523-8. PMID: 2778115.
4.Bettencourt MS, Prieto VG, Shea CR. Trichoepithelioma:a 19-year old clinicopathologic re-evaluation.J Cutan Pathol. 1999;26:398-404. PMID: 10551412.
5.Layegh P, Sharifi-Sistani N, Abadian M, Moghiman T. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74:632-4. PMID: 19171990.
6.Michaelsson G, Olsson E, Westmark P. The Rombo syndrome: a familial disorder with vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, trichoepitheliomas, basal cell carcinomas and peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1981;61(6):497-503. PMID: 6177160.
7.Sajben FP, Ross EV. The use of the 1.0mm handpeice in high energy, pulsed CO2 laser destruction of facial adnexal tumors.Dermtol Surg. 1999; 25: 41-4. PMID: 9935093.
8.Shaffelburg M, Miller R. Treatment of multiple trichoepithelioma with electrosurgery. Dermatol Surg. 1998; 24: 1154-6. PMID: 9793529.
Article citation:-
Satyaki Ganguly, Syamalendra M. Sinha & Lopamudra Ray. Multiple trichoepitheliomas: A rare entity. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1367-1369. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Satyaki Ganguly,Syamalendra M. Sinha & Lopamudra Ray. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Narendra Kumar sah*1, Harnam Kaur2, Sheikh Ishaq3,K.S.Sodhi4,Jasbir Singh5,Neeru Bhaskar6 & Rajesh Pandey7
Affiliation:-
1Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry. M.M. Medical College and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh.India.
4,5Professor, Department of Biochemistry. M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India.
3Postgraduate, Department of Biochemistry. M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India.
2,6,7Associate professor , Department of Biochemistry. M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India.
Abstract:
One adult in ten will have diabetes by 2030; figures signify that the number of people living with diabetes is estimated to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030, if no urgent action is taken. This equates to roughly three new cases every ten seconds or almost ten million per year. Microalbuminuria is present in approximately 40% of individuals after 5-10 years of type 1 DM and in 20-30% of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is especially common in those with hypertension. Hence, the present study was undertaken to detect microalbuminuria in type II diabetes mellitus and to find out the correlation between microalbuminuria and duration of diabetes and glycemic control as well as to find out the correlation between degree of microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk. Microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significant as the prevalence rate of microalbuminuria in the present study was 73 %. In diabetic patients with CVD, age, FPG and microalbuminuria were higher as compared with healthy controls. Thus there was also significant difference in age, levels of FPG and microalbuminuria. There was strong correlation between microalbuminuria and glycemic control (p<0.001). There was also significant correlation of microalbuminuria with the duration of diabetes without and with CVD. With the increase in duration of diabetes, there was significant progression of microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. This correlation was found to be higher in diabetic patients with CVD as compared with diabetics without CVD. The frequency of microalbuminuria increases with the increase in duration of diabetes. It was found in the present study that the diabetic patients having CVD had microalbuminuria ≥ 30 mg/day. Strong correlation between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus was observed. In our study, with the increasing duration, diabetic patients with CVD had higher value of microalbuminuria.
Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Microalbuminuria, Cardiovascular disease.
References
1.Kaur H, Bhaskar N, Ishaq S, Najeeb Q. Stem cells: Source for diabetes cell therapy.Journal of Diabetology. 2012; 3(3).
2.Powers CA. Diabetes mellitus. In: Fauci AS, Braumwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo BL, Jameson JL, et al editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th edition. United States of America (NY): Mc Graw Hill Company; Inc; 2008. P. 2275- 2304.
3.Molitch ME, DeFronzo RA, Franz MJ, Keane WF, Mogensen CE, Parving HH. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: S79-83.
4.Donnelly R., Yeung J M, Manning G. Microalbuminuria: A common independent cardiovascular risk factor, especially but not exclusively in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens Suppl. 2003; 21: S 7-12.
5.Lane JT. Microalbuminuria as a marker of cardiovascular and renal risk in type 2 Diabetes mellitus: a temporal perspective. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004; 286:F442-50.
6.Weir MR. Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular disease. Clin J Am Nephrol. 2007; 2:581-90.
7.Fukui M, Kitagawa Y, Nakamura N, Kadono M, Hasegawa G, Yoshikawa T. Association between urinary albumin excretion and serum Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 2893-7.
8.Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1969; 6: 24-5.
9.Fujita Y. Color reaction between Pyrogallol red-molybdenum (VI) complex and protein. Bunseki Kagaku. 1983; 32: E379-386.
10.Sheikh SA, Baig JA, Iqbal T, Kazmi T, Baig M, Husain SS. prevalence of microalbuminuria with relation to glycemic control in type-2 diabetic patients in Karachi. J Ayub Med Coll. 2009; 21: 83-6.
11.Maharjan BR, Bhandary S, Risal P, Sedhain A, Shakya PR, Gautam M. Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2010; 8: 110-15.
12.Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, de Galan B E, Zoungas S, Pillai A, Jardine M. Albuminuria and kidney function independently predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 20: 1813- 21.
13.Rao MV, Bakris GL. Microalbuminuria- A marker of risk. US Nephrology. 2010:4: 53-55.
14.Pollak J, Sypniewsk G. Microalbuminuria and risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Biochemia Medica. 2008; 18: 25-34.
15.Stehouwer CDA, Gall MA, Twisk JWR, Knudsen E, Emeis JJ, Parving HH. Increased urinary albumin excretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002; 51: 1157-65.
16.World Medical Association decalaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research involving Human subjects. World Medical Association available from; http://www.wma.net/a/policy/b3html.
Article citation:-
Sah Kumar Narendra et al. Microalbuminuria as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1324-1328. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Sah K Narendra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi 1*, Mohamed A.M. Hagga2, Arwa A. Mohammed 3, Salma A. Abdel Aziz 3, Salma Y. AbdelRahman3 & Monadil H. M. Ali 4
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Borders University, KSA.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Borders University, KSA.
3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Sudan.
4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Borders University, KSA.
Author contributions: - All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
The association of long-term exposure to lead compounds with harmful effects to public health has not been fully documented. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of lead toxicity in Khartoum state, Sudan in selected groups of workers (metal workers, car batteries workers, and watch makers) and to measure the blood lead level (BLL) using inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer. The computed BLL, presented as: mean±standard error of the mean were 5.8±0.96 (ppb), 4.45±1.55 (ppb) , and 5.01±1.25 (ppb) for metal workers, batteries shop workers, and watch makers respectively. Moreover, one-way analysis of variance, (ANOVA), was conducted and the result indicated no significant difference (P≥0.05) among the means of BLL of the three groups of workers. This implies that all the workers concerned are equally at risk with regard to the long-term exposure to lead. The current investigation pointed out the lack of awareness among health care providers and workers alike with regard to the signs and symptoms of Lead toxicity.
Key Words: Lead exposure; blood lead level; Lead toxicity.
References:-
1.Abdel Rouf Ahmed Abbas, 2010. A review on Lead toxicity in the Sudan. 2nd Annual scientific e-Health conference " The Environmental Health: Global Perspectives and Challenges" April 5th& 6th, 2010. Hamdan Bin Mohammed University, UAE.
2.Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR),2005. Toxicological profile for lead. (draft for Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2005:204.
3.Angle CR, Marcus A, Cheng IH, McLntire MS. Omaha Childhood blood Lead and Enviromental Lead-alinear total exposure Model. Environ Res 1984; 35 (1), 160-70.
4.Brown MG, and Margolis, 2013. Lead in drinking water and human blood Lead levels in the United States. Centres for Disease Control and prevention, Supplements,1-8.
5.Canfielda, Juskob AT, 2008. Available online 13 February 2008. [Author vitae]a) Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.b) University of Washington, seattle, WA.
6.GabrelP ,2006. Heavy metal intoxication. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th edition, Bertram GK (editor), Lange medical publication, California, 57-59.
7.Kosnett MJ, Becker CE, Osterloh JD and et al. Factors influencing bone Lead concentration in a suburban community assessed by noninvasive K-X ray fluorescence. JAMA 1994;271, 197-203.
8.Lampher BP, Matte, Rogers J, Clickner RP, Dietz B, Bornschein RL, Sucop P, Mahaffey KR, Dixon S, Galke W, Rabinowitz N, Farfel M, Rohde C, Schwatz J, Ashley P, Jacobs DE. The contribution of Lead-contaminated house dust and residential soil to children´s blood Lead levels: a pooled analysis of 12 epidemiologic studies. Environ Res 1988;79;51-68.
9.Levin SM, and Gold berg M. Clinical evaluation and management of Lead exposed construction workers. Am J Ind Med 2000; 37: 23-43.
10.Lyn Patrick, ND. Lead toxicity, A review of the literature. Part 1: Exposure, Evaluation, and treatment, Alternative Medicine review 2006; 11(1): 2-22.
11.Tamasi G., Bellini M., Lorenzini S., D. Chindamo D.,Marcolongo R., Baroni F., Riccobono F., Netti R., and Cini R. Case Study for Selected Heavy Elements in Blood and Plasma from SixFemale Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSc).The Concentrationsof Mercury, Lead, Antimony, Cobalt, Copper, and Zinc. The Open Analytical Chemistry Journal 2008; 2:55-61.
12.Needleman H. Lead poisoning. Annu Rev Med 2004; 55, 209-22.
13.Norman EH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Salem DA, Ward TH. Childhood Lead poisoning and Vinyl Miniblind Exposure. Arch PediatrAdolesc Med 1997; 151:1033-7.
14.Papanikolaou NC, Hatzidaki EG, Belivanis S, et al. Lead toxicity update. Abrief review.Med Sci Monit 2005;11:RA329-36.
15.Philip AT, Gerson B. Lead poisoning-Part 1. Incidence, Etiology and toxic effect. Clin lab Med 1994; 14: 423-44.
16.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_Poisoning. Accessed on 13.7.2011.
Article citation:-
Mudawi Mahmoud M. E. et al. Incidence of lead toxicity among three groups of workers. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1305-1308. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Mudawi Mahmoud M. E. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Shyamala Viswanathan, Anagha Krishnamoorthy and Thangaraju Nallamuthu*
Affiliation:-
Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai- 600 025, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras.
Author’s contributions: - All author contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Ulva lactuca, Chnoospora implexa, and Chondrococcus hornemanni.
Methods: Dried seaweeds of Methanol extract of Ulva lactuca, Chnoospora implexa, and Chondrococcus hornemanni. In vitro total phenol and total flavonoid content were tested for the three different seaweeds. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Antiproliferative activity was determined by 3 (4, 5– dimethylthiazole – 2-Yl), 2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the specificity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).
Results: The highest total phenolic content was observed in C. implexa (87.0±0.04 mg GAE/g) when compare with other two different seaweeds and the total flavonoid content had showed highest activity in C. hornemanni (63.9±0.12 mg QE/ g) when compare with other two seaweeds. In vitro antioxidant activity of brown and red seaweed showed higher activity in both the assays than green seaweed. The LC 50 (Lethal concentration) of three different seaweeds was observed at 125 µg/mL concentration of the extract. The data showed that these species are a potential source of compounds for the treatment of certain cancer diseases. Therefore, finding new antiproliferative agents with low side effects could be interesting.
KeyWords: Seaweeds, Total phenol, Total flavonoid, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and MCF-7.
References:
1.Albano RM, Pavao MS, Mourao PA, Mulloy B. Structural studies of a sulfated L-galactan from styela plicata (Tunicate) analysis of the smith-degraded polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res, 1990: 208: 163-74.
2.Berlinck RG, Ogawa CA, Almeida AM, Sanchez MA, Malpezzi EL, Costa LV, Hajdu E, Freitas JC. Chemical and pharmacological characterization of halitoxin from Amphimedon viridis (Porifera) from the southeastern Brazilian coast. Comp Biochem Physiol Clin Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol; 1996: 115: 155-163.
3.Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 1958: 181: 1199-1200.
4.Cai Q, Rahn RO, Zhang R. Dietary flavonoids, quercetin, luteolin and genistein, reduce oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and quench free radicals. Cancer Lett., 1997: 119: 99-107.
5.Chandini SK, Ganesan P and Bhaskar N. In vitro activities of three selected brown seaweeds of India. Food Chemistry 2008:107: 707-13.
6.Chinery R, Beauchamp RD, Shyr Y, Kirkland SC, Coffery RJ, Morrow JD. Antioxidants reduce cycloxygenase-2 expression, prostaglandin production, and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res., 1998: 58: 2323-2327.
7. Devery R, Miller A, Stanton C. Conjugated linoleic acid and oxidative behavior in cancer cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2001: 29: 341-4.
8.Duan XJ, Zhang WW, Li XM and Wang BG. Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata. Food Chemistry 2006: 95: 37-43.
9.Faulkner DJ. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep; 2000: 17: 7-55.
10.Harada H, Noro T, Kamei Y. Selective antitumor activity in vitro from marine algae from Japan coasts. Biol Pharm Bull; 1997: 20: 541-6.
11.Khaleafa AF, Kharboush MAM, Metwalli A, Mohsen AF and Serwi A. Antibiotic (fungicidal) action from of some seaweed. Botanica Mar., 1975:18: 163.
12.Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha J, Pihlaja K, Kujala ST, Heinonen M. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999:47: 3954-62.
13.Kuda T, Kunii T, Goto H, Suzuki T and Yano T. Varieties of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ecklonia stolonifera and Ecklonia kurome products harvested and processed in the Noto peninsula, Japan. Food Chemistry 2007: 103: 900-5.
14.Ly BM, Buu NQ, Nhut ND, Thinh PD, Thi T, Van T. Studies on fucoidan and its production from Vietnamese brown sea weeds. A J Sci Tech Dev; 2005: 22: 371-80.
15.Mayer AMS, Gustafson KR. Marine pharmacology: Antitumor and cytotoxic compounds. Int J Cancer 2003; 105: 291-9.
16.Matsukawa R, Dubinsky Z, Kishimoto E, Masaki KFY and Takeuchi T. A comparison of screening methods for antioxidant activity in seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology 1997: 9: 29-35.
17.Mossmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods, 1983: 65: 55-63.
18.Nagai T, Yukimoto T. Preparation and functional properties of beverages made from sea algae. Food Chem., 2003: 81: 327–32.
19.Noda K, Tanaka K, Yamada A, Ogata J, Tanaka H, Shogama Y. Simple assay for antitumor immunoactive glycoprotein derived from Chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 using ELISA. Phytother Res; 2002: 16: 581-5.
20.Noda H, Amano H, Arashima K, Nisizawa K. Antitumor activity of marine algae. Hydrobiologia; 1990: 204-205: 577-84.
21.Kerr RG, Baker BJ (1991). Marine sterols. Nat. Prod. Rep. 8: 465-497.
22.Ogawa A, Murakami C, Kamisuki S, Kurigama I, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Mizushina Y. Pseudodeflectusin, a novel isochroman derivative from Aspergillus pseudodeflectus a parasite of the seaweed, Sargassum fusiforme, as a selective human cancer cytotoxin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett; 2004: 14: 3539- 43.
23.Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reactions: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr., 1986: 44: 307-15.
24.Oza RM and Zaidi SH. A Revised Checklist of Indian Marine Algae. Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavanagar, India, 2000: pp: 296.
25.Park YK, Koo MH, Ikegaki M, Contado JL. Comparison of the flavonoid aglycone contents of Apis mellifera propolis from various regions of Brazil. Arq. Biol. Technol., 1997: 40: 97-106.
26.Ross JA and Kasum CM. Dietary flavonoids: Bioavailability, metabolic effects and safety. Annual Review of Nutrition 2002: 22: 19-34.
27.Tziveleka LA, Vagias C, Roussis V, Natural products with anti-HIV activity from marine organisms. Curr Top Med Chem; 2003: 3: 1512-35.
28.Sergediene E, Jonsson K, Szymusiak H, Tyrskowska B, Rietjens I, Cenas N. Pro-oxidant toxicity of polyphenolic antioxidants to HL-60 cells: description of quantitative structure activity relationships. F.E.B.S. Lett., 1999: 462: 392-6.
29.Shimada K, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, Nakamura T. Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992: 40: 945-8.
30.Singleton VL and Rossi JA. Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 1965: 16: 144-58.
31.Wang H, Gao XD, Zhou GC, Cai L, Yao WB. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of aqueous extract from Choerospondias axillaris fruit. Food Chem., 2008: 106: 888-95.
32.Wan-Jiang R, Hay ME, Fairchild CR, Prudhomme J, Le Roch K, Aalbersberg W, Kubanek J. Antineoplastic unsatturated fatty acids from Fijian macroalgae. Phytochemistry, 2008: 69: 2495-2500.
33.Wang T, Jónsdóttir R and Ólafsdóttir G. Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging and metal chelation of extracts from Icelandic seaweeds. Food Chemistry 2009: 116: 240-8.
34.Williams R J, Spencer JP and Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: Antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2004: 36: 838-49.
35.Xu N, Fan X, Yan X, Tseng C. Screening marine algae from China for their antitumor activities. J Appl Phycol; 2004:16: 451-6.
36.Yamamoto I, Takahashi M, Tamura E, Maruyama H, Mori H. Antitumor activity of edible marine algae: Effect of crude fucoidan fractions prepared from edible brown seaweeds against L-1210 leukemia. Hydrobiologia; 1984: 116-7.
37.Yan XJ, Li XC, Zhou CX and Fan X. Prevention of fish oil rancidity by Phlorotannins from Sargassum kjellmanianum. Journal of Applied Phycology 1996: 8: 201-3.
38.Yen GC, Chen HY. Antioxidant activity of various tea extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity. J Agric Food Chem, 1995: 43: 27–32.
39.Yoo HD, Ketchum SO, France D, Bair K, Gerwick WH. Vidalenolone. A novel phenolic metabolite from the tropical red alga Vidalia sp. J Nat Prod; 2002: 65: 51-3.
40.Yu-Bin J, Shi-Yong G, Xiu-juan Z. Influence of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide on apoptosis of tumor cells. China J Materia Med; 2004: 29: 245-7.
41.Yvonne Yuan V, Natalie Walsh A. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006: 44 1144–50.
42.Zubia M, Fabre MS, Kerjean V, Le Lann K, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Fauchon M, Deslandes E (2009). Antioxidant and antitumor activities of some Phaeophyta from Brittany Coasts. Food Chem. 116: 693-701.
Article citation:-
Shyamala Viswanathan, Anagha Krishnamoorthy and Thangaraju Nallamuthu. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of macro algae against MCF-7 cell line. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1413-1424. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Rohan Shanmuganathan & Indra Devi Subramaniam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Maryam Rafieirad*, Saeed Valipour Chehardacheric & Zahra Zangeneh Nezhad.
Affiliation:-
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Izeh Branch, Khouzestan, Iran.
Author contributions: - All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetes complications are caused by production of free radicals. Gallic acid (GA) has an antioxidant property and activity against free radicals. The aim of this study was to determine possible protective effect of GA on lipid profile in diabetic rats. Materials and Method: The experimental study was carried out on 35 male rats. Male rats were randomly divided to five groups; of control, untreated diabetic and diabetic groups treated with GA (10, ¬50, ¬100 mgkg/ orally, 14 days). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ 60 Mg/kg) injection. After 2 weeks, serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles of all the groups were analyzed. Results: Results of this study showed that diabetes led to a significant increase at blood glucose (p<0/001), triglycerides (p<0/001), cholesterol (p<0/001), VLDL (p<0/001) and LDL (p<0/05) and a significant reduction at HDL (p<0/001) levels. Oral administration of GA to diabetic rats for two weeks at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg, reduced blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol levels, but resulted in subtle reductions in cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg GA; the difference was significant for other groups. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that GA had a beneficial effect on serum lipid profile in diabetic rats and could possibly be used for treating diabetes and reducing complications of this disease.
Key Words: Gallic acid; lipid profile; diabetic rats.
References
1.Lenzen S. The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51:216-26.
2.Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Nakatani Y, et al. Oxidative stress, ER stress, and the JNK pathway in type 2 diabetes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005; 83:429-39.
3.Xiao CY, Chen M, Zsengeller Z, Szabo C. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to the development of myocardial infarction in diabetic rats and regulates the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 310:498-504.
4.Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, et al. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:811-22.
5.American Diabetes Association (ADA),Standards of medical care in diabetes--2007. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 Suppl 1:S4-S41
6.Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res;107:1058-70.
7.Perron NR, Brumaghim JL. A review of the antioxidant mechanisms of polyphenol compounds related to iron binding. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009;53:75-100.
8.Kim SH, Jun CD, Suk K, et al. Gallic acid inhibits histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mast cells. Toxicol Sci 2006;91:123-31.
9.Kaur M, Velmurugan B, Rajamanickam S, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Gallic acid, an active constituent of grape seed extract, exhibits anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-tumorigenic effects against prostate carcinoma xenograft growth in nude mice. Pharm Res 2009;26:2133-40.
10.Sabu MC, Smitha K, Kuttan R. Anti-diabetic activity of green tea polyphenols and their role in reducing oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 83:109-116.
11.Picerno P, Mencherini T, Lauro MR, Barbato F, Aquino R. Phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Xanthosoma violaceum leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51:6423-8.
12.Hosseini E, Karimzadeh K, Vessal M, Rafieirad M. Effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of walnut male flowers on streptozocin diabetic rats. HealthMED Journal 2012; 6 12:4253-7.
13.Frost PH, Havel RJ. Rationale for use of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol rather than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a tool for lipoprotein cholesterol screening and assessment of risk and therapy. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:26B-31B.
14.Porte D, Jr., Kahn SE. Mechanisms for hyperglycemia in type II diabetes mellitus: therapeutic implications for sulfonylurea treatment--an update. Am J Med 1991;90:8S-14S.
15.Ahmed D, Sharma M, Pillai KK. The effects of triple vs. dual and monotherapy with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and atorvastatin on lipid profile and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol; 26:621-31.
16.Lowe LP, Liu K, Greenland P, et al. Diabetes, asymptomatic hyperglycemia, and 22-year mortality in black and white men. The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:163-9.
17.Sarkaki A, Rafieirad M, Hossini E, Farbood Y, Mansouri MT, Motamedi F.Cognitive deficiency induced by cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia improves by exercise and grape seed extract HealthMED Journal 2012; 6:1097-1105.
18.Mansouri MT, Farbood Y, Jafar Sameri M, Sarkaki A, Naghizadeh B, Rafieirad M (2012), Neuroprotective effects of oral gallic acid against oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. Food Chemistry 2012; 138, 2–3:1028-33.
19.Jiang F, Dusting GJ. Natural phenolic compounds as cardiovascular therapeutics: potential role of their antiinflammatory effects. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2003;1:135-56.
20.Bose KS, Agrawal BK. Effect of lycopene from tomatoes (cooked) on plasma antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation rate and lipid profile in grade-I hypertension. Ann Nutr Metab 2007; 51:477-81.
21.Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV. Natural antioxidant compounds in risk factors for CVD. Pharmacol Res 2007;56:99-109.
22.Garjani A, Fathiazad F, Zakheri A, et al. The effect of total extract of Securigera securidaca L. seeds on serum lipid profiles, antioxidant status, and vascular function in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126:525-32.
23.Jayasooriya AP, Sakono M, Yukizaki C, et al. Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 72:331-6.
24.Harris CS, Beaulieu LP, Fraser MH, et al. Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by medicinal plant extracts correlates with phenolic metabolites and antioxidant activity. Planta Med; 77:196-204
25.Kim YJ. Antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of gallic acid. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1052-5.
Article citation:-
Rafieirad M , Chehardacheric S V, & Nezhad N N. Hypolipidemic effects of gallic acid in diabetic rats. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(33): 1309-1312.
Copyright © 2013 Rafieirad M , Chehardacheric S V, & Nezhad N N. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.