DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
1Mohammed Umar Ansari, 1GangashankarGarg, 2L.R.Lodha, 3S. U. Qureshi & *4 S.Porwal
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Professor and HOD,3Senior resident, Department of Anesthesiology, 4Associate professor, Department of surgery, SRG Hospital & Jhalawar Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan),India.
Abstract:
Background: Propofol is a most frequently used intravenous (IV) anaesthetic today. It is used for induction, maintenance of anaesthesia and for sedation in and out-side operating room. Propofol provides rapid onset and offset with context sensitive decrement times approximately 10minutes when infused for less than three hours and less than 40 minutes when infused for 8 hours. At therapeutic doses, propofol reduces a moderate depressant effect on ventilation. It causes a dose- dependent decrease in blood pressure primarily through a decrease in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. A unique action of propofol is its antiemetic effect, which remain present at concentration less than producing sedation. The induction dose is 1-2 mg /kg for loss of consciousness with a maintenance infusion of 100-200 mcg/kg/min. For conscious sedation, rates of 25 to 75 mcg/kg/min are usually adequate.
Although pain on injection still remains a considerable concern for the anaesthesiologist. A number of techniques has been tried to minimize propofol-induced pain with variable results. Recently, a 5HT3 antagonist, ondansetron pre- treatment has been shown to reduce propofol- induced pain. The aim of our randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study was to determine whether pre-treatment with intravenous ondansetron which is routinely used in our practice for prophylaxis of post – operative nausea and vomiting, would reduce propofol pain.
Methods: Eighty women, aged 18-50years, American society of anaesthesiologist grading (ASA) I-II, scheduled for various surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. One group received 2ml 0.9% sodium chloride while other group received 2ml ondansetron (2mg/ml) and was accompanied by manual venous occlusion for one min, then, 2ml propofol was injected through the same cannula. Patients were asked by a blinded investigator to score the pain on injection of propofol with a four point scale: 0= no pain, 1= mild pain, 2= moderate pain, 3= severe pain.
Results: Twenty four patients (60%) complaining of pain in the group pre- treated with normal saline as compared with six (15%) in the group pre-treated with ondansetron. Pain was reduced significantly in the ondansetron group.(P<0.05) severity of pain was also lesser in the ondansetron group compared with the placebo group(2.5%vs37.5%).
Conclusion: We conclude that pre-treatment with ondansetron along with venous occlusion for 1min for prevention of propofol induced pain was highly successful.
Key Words: Intravenous (I.V.) ondansetron; pain; pre- treatment; propofol injection.
Article citation:-
Ansari. M Umar, Garg. Gangashankar, Lodha L.R, Qureshi. S. U & Porwal. S. Pre- treatment with intravenous ondansetron to alleviate pain on propofol injection: A randomized, controlled & double-blind study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, July; 32(32): 1274-1278.
Copyright © 2013 Ansari. M Umar, Garg. Gangashankar, Lodha L.R, Qureshi. S. U & Porwal. S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
1SmithaNayak, *2Vinod C Nayak, 3Shankar M Bakkannavar & 4Ravi Bagali
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Manipal Institute of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka – 576104. India.
2*Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal , Karnataka – 576104 . India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal , Karnataka – 576104,India.
4Student MBA 2nd Year, Manipal Institute of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka – 576104, India.
Abstract:
Attendance rate for hospital outpatient appointments plays a pivotal role in operational efficiency of a hospital. Strategic interventions like ‘reminder systems’ prior to the scheduled appointment has proved to be an effective strategy for outpatient appointment ‘show-ups’. This study is designed with an objective to assess the effectiveness of SMS reminders as an intervention to enhance the effectiveness of hospital outpatient attendance. Method: The survey was conducted at Columbia Asia Hosiptal, Bangalore.We surveyed 60 patients who had a scheduled outpatient appointment in Department of General Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Orthopedics department, as these departments had a heavy patient flow and had higher contributions to the top line of the hospital. Results: Majority (64%) of the patients preferred to be sent an SMS reminder on the outpatient appointment schedule.37 (61%) respondents stated that the ideally, reminders could be effective only if they are sent 24-48 hours prior to the appointment schedule. 41(68%) respondents were of the opinion that a minimum of two reminders would be necessary to ensure patients show up for the appointment. 1% level of significance. It also observed that there is strong association between age and preference on mode of reminder (P=0.002).
Key Words: reminder systems; appointment show-ups; SMS reminders.
References
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Article citation:-
SmithaNayak,Vinod C Nayak, Shankar M Bakkannavar & Ravi Bagali. Are SMS reminders an antecedent to outpatient ‘Show-ups’?. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1329-1332. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Nayak Vinod C et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-
Swaminathan.S1*, Revathy.K2, Rajeswari.S 3 & Emila.S 4
Affiliation:-
1Chief of Biochemistry, 2Technical Supervisor, 3Lab Technologist, 4Lab Technologist, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District – 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
The two most important macrometals which play a major significant role in restoring good health are calcium and magnesium both of which are linked to the non-metal phosphorus. In many biochemical reactions both calcium and magnesium act together. Calcium plays a major role in arresting oxidative stress and free radical accumulation both of which are linked to cancer. This review article brings about all the works done during the last 4 decades on calcium in human health and disease, the deficiency manifestations, recommendations for supplementation and highlighting various diseases that are associated with calcium deficiency. The contents of this paper will certainly serve as an eye opener for future research on calcium in the diagnosis of various disorders.
Key Words: Calcium, CHD, CAC, CVD, IHD, ESRD, RBC, RT, CAPD, Vitamin D, 5 – HT, IBD, CKD, RDA, PTH, RT, Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia.
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Article citation:-
Swaminathan.S et al. Calcium in health and disease. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(32): 1313-1323.
Copyright © 2013 Swaminathan S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Mohaned M. Mohammed, 2Abd Elkhalig Mudathir , 3Sania A. I. Shaddad, 4Elsharif B. & 5A. Afaf E. Abu Algasem
Affiliation:-
1Pharmacology Lecturer, AlNeelain University & Elrazi College for Medical and Technological Sciences, Sudan.
2Associate professor of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Algassar street, Khartoum, Sudan.
3Associate professor of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Algassar street, Khartoum , Sudan.
4Assistant professor of Artificial insemination, Animal Genetic Resources Development Administration (Kuku, Khartoum North).
5Proffesor of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, University of Khartoum, Algassar street, Khartoum , Sudan.
Author’s contributions: - All authors contributed equally to this research article.
Abstract:
Introduction: Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) is a member of the Fabaceae family. Fenugreek is native to the area from the eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia and Ethiopia, and much cultivated in Pakistan, India and China. Its dried ripe seeds are variously referred to as Trigonella seeds or as Fenugreek. It is well known for its pungent aromatic properties, and is often used to add flavor in Malaysian homes.
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) seeds are used in India as condiment as a green, leafy vegetable and are a rich source of calcium, iron, β -carotene and other vitamins. In folk medicine fenugreek is used to treat cold pain in the lower abdomen, impotence, and hernia. Also in Indian medicine fenugreek is used for fever, vomiting, anorexia, coughs, bronchitis, and colitis. It also demonstrate an antifertility effect in the female rabbits and more of a toxicity effect in the male rabbits It produces antinociceptive effects through central and peripheral mechanism. It have significant chemopreventive effects against breast cancer. It also showed a stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice.
Materials and Methods: Extraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds was carried out according to standard method. Two groups of adult male rats and other two groups of cocks were used. Group1 rats and cocks served as control, while group two received Trigonella foenum-graecum (F) crude ethanolic extract 1g\kg\day orally. Total serum testosterone was measured in rats before and after two and four weeks of treatment. Cocks semen was evaluated before and after two and four weeks of treatment.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds ethanolic extract showed the presence of high concentrations of coumarins, flavonoids tannins and saponins, various concentrations of alkaloids, sterols and triterpenses, and the absence of anthraquinone glycoside compounds.
Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds ethanolic extract decreased insignificantly (p>0.05) serum testosterone concentration in the treated rats and both mass and individual motility of the sperms in the treated cocks. Histopathological examination of rat’s testes treated with Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds ethanolic extract showed presence of inactive seminiferous tubules and oedema formation between the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: Trigonella foenum-graecum tends to reduce the male fertility by reducing testosterone concentration, sperms concentration and inhibiting mass and individual motility of the sperms.
Key Words: Trigonella foenum-graecum; Antifertility; Rats; Cocks.
References:
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Article citation:-
Mohaned. M. Mohammed et al. Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) ethanolic extract in male rats & cocks fertility. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 July; 32(33): 1299-1304. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013. Mohaned. M. Mohammed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
Quadros Lydia S1*, Babu Arathy2, Bhat Nandini2, Ankolekar Vrinda Hari3
& D’souza Antony S4.
Affiliation:-
1*M.Sc.(Medical), 2Post graduates, 3MD Anatomy, 4MS Anatomy,Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Madhavnagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India. – 576104.
Abstract:
A variation in the course and branches of the maxillary artery is well documented. In the present case, we came across variations in the branching pattern of the first and second parts maxillary artery in the right infratemporal fossa. It was noted that the Middle meningeal and accessory meningeal arteries took origin from the second part of maxillary artery and the deep temporal arteries aroused from the first part in common with the inferior alveolar artery and also from the second part of the maxillary artery. The second part of maxillary artery and its branches passed deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle and superficial to the branches of mandibular nerve. Rest of the branches had a normal origin. Such variations are of clinical importance for the surgeons in performing surgeries and also for the radiologists in interpretation of the radiological images.
Key Words: Infratemporal fossa; intra-arterial chemotherapy; maxillary artery.
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Article citation:-
Quadros Lydia S et al. Anatomical variations in the branches of maxillary artery: A case report. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, July; 32(32): 1271-1273. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Quadros Lydia S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.