DocumentsDate added
Review article
Ravleen Kaur1, Inderjot Singh2, Gina Singh3, Anushi Mahajan4
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
3Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
*Correspondence to:-
Dr Ravleen Kaur
Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics,
Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Phone no:- +91-09781108811
Abstract:
Dental professionals have addressed the increased challenge of infectious disease and infection control by emphasizing seven major areas; aseptic technique, patient screening and evaluation, personal protection, instrument sterilization, environmental surface disinfection, equipment asepsis and laboratory asepsis. Each infection control component contributes to minimizing the potential for cross-infection during provision of dental treatment. Dental patients fall into several risk categories concerning the transmission of infection. Some patients will only suffer from dental or oral diseases, others are infected, some are healthy carriers, and yet others are symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers of a transmissible disease at a contagious or noncontiguous stage.
Key words: Periodontal aerosol; dental aerosol; bioaerosols.
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Article citation:-
Ravleen Kaur, Inderjot Singh, Gina Singh, Anushi Mahajan. Aerosols a menace for the dental healthcarers. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) May(Supplement 1); 30(30):S58-S62. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Ravleen Kaur, Inderjot Singh, Gina Singh, Anushi Mahajan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Edet, E. E.*, Adewuni Daniel & Uti, D. E.,
Affiliation:-
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P. M. B.1115, Calabar – Nigeria.
Abstract:
The potential neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects following oral administration of ethanolic leaf extract of anacardium occidentale (cashew) were investigated in Wistar albino rats. Twenty (20) male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-160g were divided into five groups of four rats each. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively gavaged with 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weights of the extract daily for 21 days while group 1 and 5 served as pre and post controls respectively. At the end of treatments, animals were sacrificed; brain and kidney tissues were obtained. The tissues were histologically processed and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin technique. Stained tissues sections were examined microscopically using a light bionocular microscope. The results show that treatment of rats with the respective doses of the extract did not cause any visible degenerative change in the brain and kidney in all test groups. The brain and kidney architectures were well preserved in all the treatments groups. This result suggests that ingestion of the extract is non-toxic to the brain and kidney at the doses investigated.
Key Words: Anacardium occidentale leaves, brain, kidney, histoarchitecture, ethanolic extract, rat.
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Article citation:-
Edet, E. E, Adewuni, D. & Uti, D. E. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale on histoarchitecture of brain and kidney. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, May (Supplement 1); 30(30): S31-S35.Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Edet, E. E, Adewuni, D & Uti, D. E. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani*
Affiliation:-
*Lecturer, College of pharmacy, Baghdad university, Ba-almoadham,P.O.Box14026, Iraq.
Abstract:
Community pharmacist is an only health care professional who will interact with several individuals each day and can make successful efforts to educate the patients and guide him about the disease, drugs and lifestyle modification.
Aims: To evaluate the professional role of the community pharmacist and general practitioner during the dispensing process on issues other than the legality or simple clarification of the prescription.
Methodology: Thirty (30) community pharmacists from three adjacent localities completed details of each community pharmacy, during the dispensing of a prescription, the following data were observed: Brief pharmacy details, the prescribed drug therapy, the way and manner of the pharmacist, the outcome and the time taken, category of the drug involved and the time taken and other certain roles. A questionnaire paper was distributed to these pharmacists filled up by them while making a semi structured interview with them to assess their commitment to the basic roles. These assessments were ranked between 10% and 100%.
Results and discussion: The results were established as a mean scores that were excellent regarding some roles and other were bad comparable to ideal roles submitted by many authorized committees or administrations mentioned in this project.
Conclusion and recommendation: Clinical pharmacy provided by a community pharmacist during the dispensing process has the potential to provide a valuable contribution, but needs a further commitment from the pharmacist to enhance the health care.
Key words: Community pharmacist; clinical pharmacy; pharmacy; prescription drugs.
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Conflict of interest: - Author has not declared any conflict of interest.
Source of funding: - None.
*Correspondence address:
Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani.,
Lecturer,
College of pharmacy, Baghdad University, Ba-almoadham, P.O.Box14026, Iraq.
Copyright © 2013 Fadya Y. Al-Hamdani. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
*1G.Sasikala, 2David Agatha, 3Anand B Janagond & 4P.R.Thenmozhivalli
Affiliation:-
1Assistant professor, Department of microbiology, Vinayaka missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Seeragapadi, Salem- 636308.Tamilnadu, India.
2Assistant professor, Department of microbiology, Madras Medical college. Chennai,India.
3Assistant professor, Department of microbiology,Sri Muthukumaran Medical college and Research institute, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
4 Dean,Villupuram, Medical college, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract :
Background: To study the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and to speciate the Candida isolates and to study the resistance pattern for fluconazole, itraconazole and 5 flucytosine. Materials and methods: High vaginal swabs obtained from 200 symptomatic patients were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Speciation was done by standard morphological and biochemical tests. Antifungal susceptibility was performed according to CLSI M44-A document using fluconazole, itraconazole and 5flucytosine disks. Result: The culture was positive in 72 (36%) patients. C.albicans (35), C.glabrata (21), C.tropicalis (8), C.krusei (4), C.kefyr (2), C.Parapsilosis (2), were the species isolated .The isolates showed 19%, 24%, 42% resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole and 5flucytosine respectively. C.krusei was resistant to all drugs. Low socioeconomic status, illiteracy chronic antibiotic use, parity>2 influence increased prevalence of vaginal candidiasis. Conclusion: C.albicans is the most predominant species isolated and among non-albicans, C.glabrata is the next most common species isolated. Our study showed a low prevalence of fluconazole resistance in C.albicans, but high prevalence of azoles resistance in non albicans Candida isolates. High prevalence of primary resistance to 5 flucytosine seen in our population. There is a significant association between socioeconomic status, literacy, parity and the increased incidence of vaginal candidiasis.
Key Words: Candida species; azoles resistance; primary resistance to 5 flucytosine.
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Copyright © 2013 Sasikala G., Agatha David, Janagond B Anand, Thenmozhivalli P.R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
*1Harsha T R, 2Vijaya D & 3Nagarathnamma T
Affiliations:
1Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Victoria hospital, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
2Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India.
3Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Bangalore Medical College, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infections and account for significant morbidity and health care costs. Antibiotics are usually prescribed empirically before the laboratory results of urine culture are available. Due to rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, it is important to have local hospital based knowledge of the organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. This information would be relevant not only to the local hospital but would also be a vital regional database.
Methods: A total of 600 urine samples from suspected cases of UTI referred from various departments of Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospital formed the study group. Samples are subjected to microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified by a battery of biochemical tests. Conventional method of antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and Rapid method by Mini API.
Results: UTI’s were more common in the age group of ≤10 years (24.16%) and in females (53.44%). 32.6% cases were from the inpatients and 67.4% from outpatient departments. Out of 600 cases studied, 69 cases (11.5%) yielded significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen isolated (73.9%) followed by Klebsiella spp (24.6%), and Citrobacter spp (1.4%). E. coli was 100% sensitive to amikacin and imipenem and highly resistant to ampicillin (19.6%), norfloxacin (15.6%). Klebsiella spp were highly sensitive to imipenem (100%) and piperacillin/tazobactum (82.3%) and resistant to ampicillin (5.8%), cefotaxime (17.6%). Citrobacter spp was sensitive to imipenem alone. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern obtained by conventional method is in correlation with the rapid method (MINI API).
Conclusion: The rapid method for antibiotic susceptibility testing by Mini API is technically simple, reliable (results are similar to disk diffusion method), early reporting (within 48 hours), and cost effective.
Key Words: Urinary tract infection; E.coli; Mini API.
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