DocumentsDate added
Research article
Aiyalu Rajasekaran1*, Ramasamy Arivukkarasu2 & Shanmugasundaram Murugesh3
Affiliation:-
1KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore- 641 048, Tamilnadu, India.
2Research scholar, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India.
3Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.
Author’s contributions: - All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
The name of the Department and Institution to which the work should be attributed:-
KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore- 641 048, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract:
Background: Ethno medical studies of north Gujarat (India) reveal the use of hot aqueous extract of Adenema hyssopifolium by tribal inhabitants for the treatment of diabetes, fever, stomach ache, dyspepsia and for malaria in interior part of Gujarat. Traditional siddha practitioners of Tamilnadu use this processed fortified powder of this plant, by dispensing along cumin’s for jaundice patients, two grams two times a day, advised to take this herbal powder and along with cooked fermented rice water to cure the jaundice.
Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate In vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Adenema hyssopifolium to scientifically validate and support the traditional claim.
Materials and methods: In vitro assessment was carried out by DPPH, nitric oxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide scavenging activity. Results: Ethanol extract exhibited 71%, 70% and 81% of scavenging activity in DPPH method (IC50=540 µg/mL), superoxide ((IC50=715 µg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide method ((IC50=760 µg/ml) respectively. Ascorbic acid 98% (IC50=540 µg/ml), Quercetin 85% (IC50=715 µg/ml) and Butylated hydroxy toluene 95% (IC50=640 µg/ml) were used as reference standards respectively. Total flavonoid and phenol content in ethanol extract of Adenema hyssopifolium was found to be 0.37% equivalent to Quercetin and 1.29% equivalent to Gallic acid respectively.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract showed potential antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, which may be due to the presence of flavonoid and iridoid glycosides in the Adenema hyssopifolium extract.
Key Words: Adenema hyssopifolium; antioxidant; iridoid glycoside.
REFERENCES
1.Kiritikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal plants, 2nd ed. Bishu mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India, 1935; 655-1656.
2.Gupta SS, Seth CB, Variyar MC. Experimental studies on pituitary diabetes. II. Comparison of blood sugar level in normal and anterior pituitary extract induced hyperglycemic rats treated with a few Ayurvedic remedies. Indian journal of medical research 1962; 50: 708-14.
3.Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi, India:CSIR; 1956; 49, 107.
4.Jag mohan rai, Thakar KA:Chemical Investigation of E.littrale Blume, Current Science 1966; 35:148 -49.
5.Ghosal S, Jaiswal DK. Chemical constituents of Gentianaceae XXVIII: Flavanoids of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (wild) verd. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1980; 69: 53-56.
6.Ghosal S, Singh AK, Chaudhuri RK. Chemical constituents of Gentianaceae XX: Natural occurrence of (-) loliolide in Canscora decussata. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1976;65:1549-51.
7.Chaudhuri RK, Ghosal A.Xanthones of Canscora decussata. Phytochemistry 1971; 10:2425-32.
8.Ghosal S, Chaudhuri RK, Tiwary MP, Singh AK. Chemical Constituents of gentianceae VIII the structure of Gentiocrucine, a novel lactonic enanmino ketone.Tetrahedron letters1974; 5:403-06.
9.Ghosal S, Jaiswal DK. Chemical constituents of Gentianaceae XXVIII: Flavanoids of nicostemma hyssopifolium (wild) verd. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1980; 69: 53-56.
10.Vishwakarma SL and Goyal RK .Hepatoprotective activity of Enicostemma littorale in CCl4 induced liver damage. Journal of natural remedies 2004 ;4/2,120-126.
11.Kannusamy Pillai C, Siddha vaidya Pathartha Guna villakam Moola vargam (vegetable kingdom) 1931; 671 B. Rathina Nayakar and sons Eds; Karadithoppu, Chennai, India.
12.Kavimani S, Manisenthlkumar KT. Effects of methanol extract of Enicostemma littorale on Dalton’s ascytic lymphoma. 2000 Journal of Ethno pharmacology 71: 349-52.
13.Peterhans E. Oxidants and Antioxidants in Viral Diseases: Disease Mechanisms and Metabolic Regulation. The Journal of Nutrition. 1997; 127:962-65.
14.Beck, M.A., Levander, O.A. Host Nutritional Status and Its Effect on a Viral Pathogen. The journal of infectious diseases. 2000;182: S93–S96.
15.Miller NJ, Rice-Evans CA. Antioxidant activity of resveratrol in red wine. Clin. Chem., 1995; 41, 1789a.
16.Larson RA. The anti oxidant of higher plants. Phytochemistry 4:1988: 969-978.
17.Grisham MB,McCord JM. Chemistry and cytotoxicities of reactive oxygen metabolites In:A.E.Taylor,S.Matalon,P.Ward (Eds). Biology of oxygen radicals, American Physiological Society,Bethesda ,1986,1-18.
18.Loganathan N.Poorveegam Thoguppu NoolKazheenziyam, Mooligaikal, Parampariya Maruthuvam–Nallanool. Poorveegam Aivu Arakattallai, Puducherri,2007,pp 158-159.
19.Singh RH, Murthy KNC,Jayaprakash GK. Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extract using in vitro models. J AGRI Food.Chem. 2002; 50: 81-86.
20.Joel Karunakaran R, Kumaran A. In Vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of five Phyllanthus Species from India. Indian journal experimental biology 2007; 40: 344-352.
21.McCord JM, Fridovich IJ. Super oxide dismutase .An enzymatic function for erythrocuprein (haemocuprein). J. Biol.Chem 1969; 244: 6049–6055.
22.Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea.Carcinogenesis 1989; 10: 1003-1008.
23.Ragazzi, E,. Veronese G. Quantitative analysis of phenolics compounds after thin–layerchromatographic separation. J.Chromatogr. 1973; 77: 369.375.
24.Zou YP, Lu YH, & Wei DZ. Antioxidant activity of a flavonoid rich extract of Hypericum perforatum L.in vitro Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.2004;52:5032-5039.
25.Nijveldt RJ, Nood EV, and Van-Hoorn DEC, Boelens PG, Klaske VN, and Van-Leeuwen PAM. Flavonoids : a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications 1-3.The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2001; 74: 418-25.
26.Gow AJ, Stamler JS. Reactions between nitric oxide and haemoglobin under physiological conditions. Nature. 1998; 391: 169-173.
27.Garcia, M., Irene, C., Pilar, S.C., Alejandro E, Sanchez-campos S, Maria JT, Gonzalez–Gallego J. The anti inflammatory flavones quercetin and kaempferol cause inhibition of inducible nitric oxidesynthase,cyclooxygenase -2 and reactive C-PROTEIN and down-regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway in Liver cells. Euro J of Pharmacol. 2007; 557: 221-29.
28.Hyun PK, Kun HS, Hyen WC,. Sam SK. Anti inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular Action Mechanisms . J Pharmacol.Sci 2004; 96:229-45.
29.Cohen, G., Heikkila, R.The generation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radical by P-hydroxyl dopamine, dialuric acid and related cyto toxic agents. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1974 249: 2477-52.
30.Namiki M, Antioxidants / Anti mutagens in food. Critical Review of Food Science and Nutrition, 1990; 29: 273-300.
31.Kellog EW,Fridovrich I, Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen in lipidperoxidation by a xanthine oxidase system. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1988; 263:4704-11.
32.Wagner HK.New Natural Products and plant drugs with Pharmacological or therapeutical activity, 1977;145-155.
33.Friedhelm K. Characteristic plant constituents. IX. Amarogentin, a new bitter principle from Gentianaceae. Chem. Ber journal 1955; 88:704-07.
34.Sticher O. New Natural products and pant Drugs with pharmacological, Biological or therapeutical activity. H. Wagner and P .Wolff (Eds), Sringer- Verlag, Berlin Heldelberg.1977, 137-176.
Article citation:-
Aiyalu Rajasekaran, Ramasamy Arivukkarasu & Shanmugasundaram Murugesh. In-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Adenema hyssopifolium G.Don. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1676-1681.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Aiyalu Rajasekaran, Ramasamy Arivukkarasu & Shanmugasundaram Murugesh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Abhijit Deshpande1 & Siddharth Patwardhan2*
Affiliation:-
1Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College, Kolhapur, India
2P.G student, Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College, Kolhapur, India
*Correspondence to:-
Dr. Siddharth Patwardhan,
Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, New Paragon, Distt. Kolhapur, India.
Abstract:
Complete dentures are primarily mechanical devices, but since they function in the oral cavity, they must be fashioned so that they are in harmony with normal neuromuscular function. The philosophy behind the neutral-zone approach to complete dentures is to locate that area in the edentulous mouth where the teeth should be positioned so that the forces exerted by muscles will tend to stabilize the denture rather than unseat it.
Key words: Neutral zone; complete denture.
References:
1.Principles of Full Denture Prosthesis – Fish EW, 7th edition, London-Staples Press Ltd, 1948.
2.Cagna DR, Massad JJ, Schiesser FJ.The neutral zone revisited: from historical concepts to modern application.J Prosthet Dent. 2009 Jun;101(6):405-12. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60087-1. [Pubmed]
3.Beresin VE, Schiesser FJ.The neutral zone in complete dentures. 1976.J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Feb;95(2):93-100; discussion 100-1. [Pubmed]
4.The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms J Prosthet Dent 2005: 94;55. [Pubmed]
5.Weinberg LA. Tooth position in relation to the denture base foundation. J Prosthet Dent 1958;8:398-405. [Science direct]
6.Wright CR. Evaluation of the factors necessary to develop stability in mandibular dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1966;16: 414-30. [Pubmed]
Article citation:
Abhijit Deshpande & Siddharth Patwardhan. Improving denture stability by application of neutral zone concept – A Case report. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34):1724-1726. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Abhijit Deshpande & Siddharth Patwardhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
*1Abbas, Israa, M. &2El hag, Wafa, I,PhD.
Affiliation:-
1MSc. Student, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Assistant professor, Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Author’s contributions:- Study idea, design, practical, analysis, writing of manuscript and editing all by author 1 and the revising of paper by author 2.
Core tip: - A critical problem for hemodialysis patients is hepatitis infections. Some of the risk factors associated with HBV infection include blood transfusion, frequency, and duration of hemodialysis, and equipment contamination of infected patients. In fact, HCV infection through dialysis units has increased worldwide.
Abstract:
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients in Portsudan city, Sudan during period July 2013.
Materials & methods: A total of ninety one hemodialysis patients, were enrolled in this study. Blood specimens were collected and examined by ELISA technique for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies (fourth generation).
Result: HBsAg was detected among 18(19.8%) patients, while 2(2.2%) patients had hepatitis C. Most of patients were males 66(72.5%), and their age ranged between 46 to 55with mean age of 50 years.
Conclusion: The frequency of HBV and HCV among the studied population is slightly high. Education for dangerous behaviors along with screening, vaccination, and appropriate treatment for hepatitis is strongly recommended to control this persistent infectious source of hepatitis B and C in the community.
Key Words: HBV; HCV; hemodialysis patients; ELISA technique.
References:
1.Champoux, J., Neidhardt, F., Drew, W., Plorde, J. Sherris Medical Microbiology, USA (2004), 4th edition by The McGraw-Hill Companies, CH: 37,PP 545,551.
2.Lavanchy, D. ''Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures''. J Viral Hepat .2004; 11:97-107.[Link]
3.Michael F. Sorrell, Willis C. Maddrey.Willis C. Maddrey (Ed). Schiffs diseases of the liver, 10th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006;1:1856.[Link]
4.Johnson DW, Dent H, Yao Q, Tranaeus A, Huang CC, Han DS, Jha V, Wang T, Kawaguchi Y, Qian J.Frequencies of hepatitis B and C infections among haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Asia-Pacific countries: analysis of registry data.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 May;24(5):1598-603. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn684. Epub 2008 Dec 18.[Pubmed]
5.Zeldis, JB., Depner, DA., Kuramoto, IK., et al. ''The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies among hemodialysis patients''. Ann Intern Med .1990;112:60-958.[Pubmed]
6.Keyvani,H., Alizadeh, AH., Alavian,SM., Ranjbar,M., Hatami,S. Distribution frequency of hepatitis Cvirus genotypes in 2231 patients in Iran. Hepatol Res. 2007; 37: 101-3.[Pubmed]
7.Kabir, A., Alavian, SM., Keyvani, H. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients infected by different sources and its correlation with clinical and virological parameters: a preliminary study. Comp Hepatol.2006; 5: 4.[Pubmed]
8.Hosseini-Moghaddam, SM., Keyvani, H., Kasiri, H., Kazemeyni, SM., Basiri, A., Aghel, N., et al. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among hemodialysis patients in Tehran--a multi center study. J Med Virol.2006; 78: 569-73.[Pubmed]
9.Sun J, Yu R, Zhu B, Wu J, Larsen S, Zhao W.Hepatitis C infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in china: systematic review and meta-analysis.Ren Fail. 2009;31(7):610-20.[Pubmed]
10.Gasim, GI., Hamdan, HZ., Hamdan, SZ., Adam, I."Epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among hemodialysis patients in Khartoum, Sudan''.J Med Virol. 2011; 84:1.[Pubmed]
11.CDC.''Outbreak s of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients Califonia, Nebraska and Texas1994''. MMWR MorbWkly Rep. 1996; 47:89-285.[Pubmed]
12.Finelli, L., Miller, JT., Tokars, JI., et al. ''National surveillance of dialysis associated diseases in United States 2002''. Semin Dial. 2005; 18:52-61.[Pubmed]
13.Yakaryilmaz, F., Gurbuz, OA., Guliter, S., et al. ''Prevalence of occult hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Turkish hemodialysis patients''.Ren Fail. 2006; 28(8):729- 35.[Pubmed]
14.Boulaajaj, K., Elomari, Y., Elmaliki, B., Madkouri, B.,Zaid, D., Benchemsi, N. ''Prevalence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV infection among Hemodialysis patients in Ibn-Rochd university hospital, Casablanca''. NephrolTher. 2005; 1(5): 274-84.[Pubmed]
15.Reddy, GA., Dakshinamurthy, KV., Neelaprasad, P.,Gangadhar, T., Lakshmi, V. ''Prevalence of HBV andHCV dual infection in patients on hemodialysis''. Indian J Med Microbiol.2005; 23(1):41-3.[Pubmed]
16.Rinonce HT, Yano Y, Utsumi T, Heriyanto DS, Anggorowati N, Widasari DI, Lusida MI, Soetjipto, Prasanto H, Hotta H, Hayashi Y.Hepatitis B and C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in yogyakarta, Indonesia: Prevalence and molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission.J Med Virol. 2013 Aug;85(8):1348-61..[Pubmed]
17.Shantanu, Prakash.,Amita, Jain.,S.N,SankhwarKausar., UsmanNarayan, PrasadD., SahaK,P., SinghParul, Jain., D.D,Singh. ''Prevalence of hepatitis B & C viruses among patients on hemodialysis in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh''.Elsevier Inc. 2013:1-5.
18.Su, Y., Yan, R., Duan, Z., Norris, JL., Wang, L., Jiang, Y., Xing, W., Chen, Y., Xiao ,Y., Li, L., Tao, J., Wang, N.''Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C and B virus infections in hemodialysis patients and their spouses: a multicenter study in Beijing, China''.J Med Virol.2013;85(3):425-32.[Pubmed]
19.Vermeulen M, Lelie N, Sykes W, Crookes R, Swanevelder J, Gaggia L, Le Roux M, Kuun E, Gulube S, Reddy R.Impact of individual-donation nucleic acid testing on risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus transmission by blood transfusion in South Africa.Transfusion. 2009 Jun;49(6):1115-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02110.x. Epub 2009 Feb 27.[Pubmed]
Article citation:-
Abbas. Israa, M. & El hag. Wafa. Frequency of hepatitis B and C among hemodialysis patients in Portsudan City, Sudan. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1688-1692.
Copyright © 2013 Abbas. Israa, M. & El hag. Wafa. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Review article
Amartya De1, Gayatri Dewangan2 & Akhilesh Mishra*3
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, R.G. Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, WBUHS, Kolkata, India.
2Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, COVSC, Mhow, India.
3Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, WBUAFS, Kolkata, India.
Author’s contributions:- All the author contributed equally to this paper.
*Correspondence to:-
Dr. Akhilesh Mishra, PhD INSPIRE Fellow
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, WBUAFS, Kolkata, India.
Email: drakhileshvet@gmail.com
Abstract:
Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) encompasses a number of disorders characterized by recurrent blister formation as the result of structural fragility within the skin and selected other tissues. Clinical manifestations ranges widely from localized blistering of the hands and feet to generalized blistering of the skin and oral cavity and injury to many internal organs. Epidermolysis Bullosa is a group of genetically determined disease characterized by abnormal damaged of the skin and mucosa. EB varies from mild to very sever and even lethal. The mild forms are all of autosomal dominant inheritance. Traditionally, EB is classified according to skin morphology to give three major categories. In this article we discuss mainly pathophysiology, diagnosis, surgical treatment, stem cell therapy, gene therapy and targeted protein therapy to manage the disease.
Key words: Epidermolysis Bullosa; skin blistering; autosomal dominant; pathophysiology.
References:
1. Das BB, Sahoo S. Dystrophic epidrmolysis bullosa. Joirnal of Perinatology; 2004;24:41-7.
2. Fine JD, Hintner H, eds. Life with Epidermolysis bullosa: Etiology, Diagnosis and Multdisciplinary care and therapy. Wien New York, Springer verlag Gmbh; 2009:338.
3. Briggaman RA. Hereditary Epidermolysis bullosa with special emphasis on newly recognized syndromes and complications. Dermatol Clin 1983; 1:263-80.
4. Solovan C, Ciolan M, Olariu L. The bimolecular and ultrastructural basis of epidermoysis bullosa. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp, Panonca Adriat 2005; 14:127-35.
5. Lin AN, Carter DM. Epidermolysis bullosa. Annu Rev Med 1993; 44: 189-99.
6. Chaudhari P, Marinkoich MP. Whats new in blistering disorders? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2007; 7: 255-63.
7. Habit TP. Vesicular and bullosa diseases. In: Hodgson S, Cook L, editors. Clinical Dermatology: a color guide to diagnosis and therapy. St. Louis: mosby; 2004. (consulted: 05-09-2008).
8. www.niams.nih.gov.
9. Abererombie E, Mather C, Hon J, Graham-king P, Pillay E. British Journal of Nursing Mar 2008;17 (6) supplemet 27:56-s-20.
10. Fine JD, Eady RA, Bauer EA et al. The classification of inherited epdermolysis bullosa (EB): Report of thr third International Consensus Meeting on Diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jun 2008; 58 (6): 931-50.
11. McGrath JA, Mellerio JE. Epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). Apr 2006; 67 (4): 188-91.
12. Pfender E, Uitto J and Jo-David Fine (2000-11-07). “Epidermolysis bullosa carrier frequencies in the US population”. Journal of Investigative Dermatolgy nature.com. Retrived 2008-07-22.
13. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Bethesda: National Institute of Health [August 2005; cited September 1, 2006]. What is Epidermolysis bullosa? Fast facts: an easy to read series of publications for the public. http://www.niams.nih.gov. Accessed June 4, 2007.
14. Jutkiewicz J, Noszczyk BH, Wrobel M. “The use of Biobrane for hand surgery in Epidermolysis bullosa”. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery 2010;63(8):1305-1311.
15.http://www.dermatology.stanford.edu/gsdc/eb_clinic/troals/ondex.html.
16. Haltel-Halevy D, Nadelman C, Chen M, Woodley DT. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: Update and review. Clin Dermotol 2001;19:712-8.
17. Ferrari S, Pellegrini G, Mavilio F, De Luca M. Clin Dermatol, July-Aug 2005;23(4):430-6.
18. Kern J, Loeckermanns,Fritsch A, Hausser I, Wera R, Magin T, Mack C,Mueller M, Paul O, Ruther p, Bruckner-Tuderman L.Machanisms of fibroblast cell therapy for dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa: High stability of collagen VII favours long term skin integrity. The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. 2009.
19. Brown S,Rohrich R, Baumann L, Brandt F, Fagiens S, Glazer S, Kenkel J, Lowe N, Monheit G, Narins R, Rendon M, Weschler W. Subject satisfaction using injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen for the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkes. Journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2011, 127:1684-1692.
20.Lffek S, Woll S, Hohfeld J, Leube RE, Has C, Tuderman LB.The ubiquitin ligase CHIP/STUB1 targets mutant keratins for degradation. Human Mutation 2010; 31(4):466-76.
Article citation:-
Amartya De, Gayatri Dewangan & Akhilesh Mishra. Epidermolysis Bullosa and its Management. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1637-1642.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Amartya De, Gayatri Dewangan & Akhilesh Mishra. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
1SANNI, Momoh, *1EJEMBI, Daniel, 2EMMANUEL, T. Friday,
1ABBAH, Okpachi C. & 1OGALA, Emmanuel.
Affiliation:-
1Department of biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
2Department of medical biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
Author’s contributions- All authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
The effects of Chronic Administration of indomie instant noodles on the activity of alkaline phosphatase of rat small intestine were investigated. Forty eight (48) albino rats (Rattus novergicus) of average weight 210g were divided into 7 groups containing 6 rats except the 7th group which 12 rats as control; each group was further divided into equal number of males and females. Group 1 was fed with the noodle cooked and spiced, group 2 was fed with raw noodle spiced, and group 3 was fed with a mixture of the cooked and raw noodles and spiced with the seasoning. Groups 4-6 were fed in a repeated fashion as 1, 2 & 3 with the exclusion of the seasoning spice. Group 7 was fed with normal rat feed. Water was provided ad libitum. Animals were fed for thirty days and were sacrificed on the thirty first day after commencement of administration of test feed (indomie) and the organs of interest was collected and kept for analysis. The results obtained were statistically treated (p<0.05) at 95% confidence level using F-test with a positive association of consumption of indomie noodles with damage to small intestinal tissues was observed.
Key words: Indomie instant noodles; Alkaline phosphatase.
Article citation:-
Sanni et al. Effects of Chronic administration of indomie noodles on the activity of alkaline phosphatase of rat small intestine. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1682-1687.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
REFERENCES
1.Ahmed, Z., Abdul-Fadi, M A.M. and King, E.J., Properties of alkaline phosphatase”.BiochemBiophys. Acta 1959; 36:228-23.
2.Akanji M. A. and Ngaha E. O. Effect of repeated administration of berenil on urinary excretion with corresponding tissue pattern in rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol.1989; 64, 272-275.
3.Alvarez, C.E., Alcover, S.R., and Sainz M.T., Pharmaceutical preparations which contains tartrazine”.Allergol immunopathol (Madr) 1981; 9(1):45-54.
4.Amin KA, Abdel Hameid H 2nd, Abd Elsttar AH.Effect of food azo dyes tartrazine and carmoisine on biochemical parameters related to renal, hepatic function and oxidative stress biomarkers in young male rats.Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Oct;48(10):2994-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.039. Epub 2010 Aug 3. Pubmed.
5.BBC news in “parents warned of additives link”[updated Thursday, 6, September, 2007. Assessed September 10, 2012]. Available from; www.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6979976.stm.
6.Dipalma J.R. Tartrazine sensitivity. Am Fam Physician. 1990 Nov;42(5):1347-50.
7.Donna M. Food additives and hyperactive behavior in 3 year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial” the lancet 2007;370(9598):1560-1567.doi:10.1016/SOI 40-673(07)61306-3. PMID 17825405.
8.Ejembi D and Sanni M. Studies on the consequences of the administration of Aqueous extracts of Azadiracta Indica And Morinda Lucida on the Heamatological Parameters And The Activity of phosphatases In rats Cellular Tissues ” International Journal Of Asian Social Science 2012; 2(8):1222-1230.
9.Food Standard Agency (2008) “board discussion colour advice, available from www.southampton.ac.uk/mediacentre/news/2008/apr/08_65.shtml.
10. Harada M, Udagawa N, Fukasawa K, Hiraoka BY, Mogi M. Inorganic pyrophosphatase activity of purified bovine pulp alkaline phosphatase at physiological pH . J Dent Res. 1986 Feb; 65(2):125-7.
11.Horiuchi,T., Horiuchi, S., and Mizuno, D., (1959). "A Possible Negative Feedback Phenomenon controlling Formation of Alkaline Phosphomonoesterase in Escherichia coli". Nature 183 (30 May 1959): 1529–1530.DOI:10.1038/1831529b0
12.Indofood (2010) “Our history”. http://www.indofood.com/about_history.aspx
13.Jain, R., Bhargava, M., and Sharma, N. Electrochemical studies on a pharmaceutical Azo dye: tartrazine.Industrial chemistry research 2003; 42(2):243.doi:10.1021/ie 020228g.
14.Mountinho, I.L., Bertges, L.C., and Assis, R.V. Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine and its effect on gastric mucosa of Wistar rats. Brazilian journal of biology 2007;67 (1):141-5. doi 10.1590/51519-69842007000100019PMID.17505761
15.Rowe, K.S., and Rowe, K.J., (1994) “Synthetic food colouring and behavior: a dose response effect in a double blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study”. The journal of pediatrics 1994;125(53t1):691-8. doi: 10.1016/S50022-3476(06) 80164-2.PMID 7965420.
16.Rowett, H.G., (1974). In the rat as a small mammal”. 3rd edition John Murry publishers Ltd. Great Britain.
17.Schmidt E. & Schmidt F.W. Determination of GOT and GTP enzyme. Enzymologia Biologica Et Clinica. 1963;3(1):1–5.
18.Tamás L, Huttová J, Mistrk I, and Kogan G. effect of carboxymethyl chitin-Glucan on the activity of some hydrolytic enzymes in maize plants".Chem.Pap.2002;56(5):326–329.
19.Tortora, G.J and Grabowiski, S.R (2003) “Principles of anatomy and physiology”.10th ed. John Wiley and sons Publisher Inc. Hobo Ken,N.J, Pp 231-9.
20.UK food guide (2007) “E102 tartrazine, FD&C yellow no 5”.www.ukfoodguide.net/e102.htm
21. Witular, R.A., (2004) “Salim at driving seat at indofood.The Jakartapost. Retrieved 1 Feb.2010. Available from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudono_Salim; June 26, 2004.
Copyright © 2013 Sanni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.