DocumentsDate added
Research article
Firehiwot Cheru, Dessalew Mekonen, Tibebu Girma, Yeshambel Belyhun, Chandrashekhar Unakal*, Mengistu Endris & Feleke Moges
Affiliation:-
School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases that threaten people living with HIV. It causes a lot of obstacles in diagnosis, and it can significantly affect the course of HIV infection.
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients in HIV positive and HIV negative patients.
Material and methods:-Between Sep 2002 to Aug 2003 all tuberculosis patients enrolled in DOTS clinic of the University of Gondar Hospital were collected retrospectively from the TB registration book. We compared the data for TB patients of HIV positive and negative subjects. Medical records of the patients were reviewed for age, gender, address, category, and type and treatment outcome.
Results: A total of 1168 tuberculosis patients were registered at Gondar University teaching hospital between September 2002 - August 2003. 637 (54.5%) were urban residents and 531 (45.5%) patient were rural resident. 153 (13.1%) patents were smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 678 (58.0%) were smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and the rest were extra pulmonary tuberculosis 337 (28.9%). We evaluated 1168 registered patients, of these, 385(67%) were HIV positive patients, 190(33%) were HIV negative patients and 593(50.8%) of the total 1168 patients were not tested for HIV. The overall treatment success rate was 294 (59.3%) and failure rate 202 (40.7%) of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV. 87 (50.9%) treatment success was observed in HIV positive patients. Whereas, the treatment success rate was recorded in HIV negative and non-tested TB patients were 44 (45.8%) and 163 (71.2%) respectively
Conclusion and Recommendation: The treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV in Gondar University Hospital showed the treatment success rate was 59.3%, which is increased compared to previous years.
Key Words: Tuberculosis, Treatment outcome.
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Article citation:-
Firehiwot Cheru et al. Comparison of treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV in Gondar University Hospital: a retrospective study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1606-1612. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Firehiwot Cheru et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
D. Krishna Veni, Vishnu Datta .M, N. Vishal Gupta* & Raghunandan H.V.
Affiliation:-
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore-570015, Karnataka, India. Tel.: +919242157508.
Author’s contributions: - All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) were brought in the purpose of standards of intellectual property rights and frame the rules of developing countries on par with the developed countries since the 1990’s. From World Trade Organization (WTO) - TRIPS agreement new challenges are faced by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Introduction of patents for pharmaceutical patent have negative impacts on pharmaceutical Industry. It would impact the growth of the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical industry can no longer manufacture by the reverse engineering by exporting drugs that patents are effective. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has been developed before TRIPS period only. Many countries are adopted this patents in that developing countries like India, China, Brazil, Korea were developed expertise to develop new products which were around the innovations in developed countries. In this review we had discussed about TRIPS agreement how it will impacts the accessibility of the essential medicines in developing countries.
Key Words: WTO; Innovation; Patents; Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS); Health crises; implications.
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Article citation:-
D. Krishna Veni., Vishnu Datta. M, N. Vishal Gupta & Raghunandan H.V. The impact of TRIPS on the accessibility of essential medicines in developing countries. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1613-1619. Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 D. Krishna Veni, Vishnu Datta. M, N. Vishal Gupta & Raghunandan H.V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Short communication
*1Hinduja Dharam, 2 Muthu Karuppaiah. R, 3 MN Vishwanath, 4 Babaji Prashant & 5 DMello Kuldeep
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Index Dental College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
2Reader, Department of Community Dentistry, Rajah Muthai Dental College, Chidamberam, Tamilnadu, India.
3Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sharavathi Dental College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
4Associate Professor,Department of Pedodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
5Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur-342001, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:
Nanorobotics technology is an area of science which refers to designing and building nanorobotic device ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm. This technology is used in both medicine and dentistry for tooth renaturalisation, orthodontics teeth alignment, for local anesthesia, diagnosing and treating the disease.
Key words: Nano dentistry; nano technology; nano medicine.
REFERENCES
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Article citation:-
Hinduja D et al. Nano dentistry: A boon to dentistry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1654-1656. Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Hinduja D et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sinha Abhishek1*,Srivastava Sunita2, Mishra Anuj3, Agarwal Nitin4 & Pooja M. Sinha5
Affiliation:-
1Reader,2Senior Lecturer, 3Post graduate student, 4Professor & Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 5Senior lecturer, Department of public health dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Author’s contributions:- All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
Work attributed by: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Background: Oral Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can be painful especially in erosive forms that commonly affects skin and oral mucosa. In this area different treatments have been used in symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), with variable results.
Aim: To compare the efficacy of aloevera and topical steroids in symptomatic treatment of Erosions and burning sensation in Erosive Lichen Planus.
Methods: A total of 10 patients with Oral Lichen Planus were randomly selected for the study and divided into two groups (A and B). The group A received aloe vera gel and group B topical steroids. The patients were under regular follow up every 2 weeks for 3 months. Clinical evaluation and pain reduction was evaluated by VAS method in group A and B. Data were evaluated statistically by using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results: In group A, 4 patients had complete remission and 1 patient showed good response to treatment where as in group B, 2 patients had complete remission, 2 patient showed good response and 1 patient showed no response to treatment (p<0.001), it was determined that Aloevera was stastistically significant (p<0.05) as compared to Topical Steroid at the end of treatment.
Conclusion: The topical application of Aloe vera improves the total quality of life score in patients with oral lichen planus. However, according to result of this study, the use of aloevera gel instead of steroid in treating erosive lichen planus is better and more appropriate choice.
Key words: Aloevera gel; Burning sensation; Oral lichen planus; Triamcinolone acetonide.
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Article citation:-
Sinha Abhishek,Srivastava Sunita, Mishra Anuj, Agarwal Nitin & Sinha M Pooja. Aloevera vs topical steroid in treatment of erosive lichen planus. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1657-1662.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Sinha Abhishek,Srivastava Sunita, Mishra Anuj, Agarwal Nitin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
AnkolekarVrinda H1*,Quadros Lydia S2 & D’souza Antony S3
Affiliation:-
1MD Anatomy, 2M.Sc. (Medical), 3MS Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India.
Author’s contributions:- AnkolekarVrinda H contributes towards concept, design, literature search, clinical studies, data acquisition, statistical analysis, manuscript writing and editing. Quadros Lydia S helps in literature search, data analysis, manuscript editing, and writing. D’souza Antony S analysed, collected the data and helped in manuscript writing.
The name of the Department and Institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Centre for Basic Sciences, Manipal University. Madhavnagar, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
Background: Knowledge of the coronary venous system (CVS) anatomy is an important factor before many electrophysiological procedures, such as CRT or ablations.
Aim: To study the anatomy of the coronary venous system and its tributaries in cadaveric hearts.
Methodology: Fifty-five normal formalin-fixed adult human cadaveric hearts were used in this study. The following measurements were noted: a. length of coronary sinus, b. its relation to left coronary artery, mitral valve annulus and left atrium, c. number of atrial and ventricular tributaries, d. distance and the opening angles of major tributaries from the coronary ostium, e. length and width of coronary ostium, f. Attachment of Thebesian valve.
Results:
a.Length of coronary sinus(CS) ranged from 2cm to 3.8cm, the mean being 2.8cm.
b.Relation of coronary sinus to the left coronary artery (LCA) andmitral valve annulus was above and parallel in 100% cases.
c.The number of Atrial tributariesranged from 1-2 and ventricular from 1-6.
d.The mean distance ofAnterior interventricular vein (AIV),Posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV),Oblique vein of left atrium (OVLA),Middle cardiac vein (MCV) from the coronary ostium was 67.5mm, 32mm, 41mm, 7mm respectively.
e.The average length and width of coronary ostium was 9mm and 13mm respectively.
f.The besian valve in 24/55 hearts was attached to the superior, right and inferior margins of the ostium. In 29/55 hearts to the inferior margin of the ostium.
Conclusion: For invasive cardiologists, knowledge about CVS anatomy could add value before and during electrophysiology procedures.
Key Words: Coronary sinus; coronary ostium; great cardiac vein; the besian valve.
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Article citation:-
AnkolekarVrinda H, Quadros Lydia S & D’souza Antony S. Morphometric and morphological variations of coronary venous system and its tributaries – An anatomical study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1663-1669.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 AnkolekarVrinda H,Quadros Lydia S & D’souza Antony S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.