DocumentsDate added
Original article
Sandeep A. Lawande1* MDS, FICOI(USA), FICD, FPFA & Gayatri S. Lawande MDS
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,
Department of Periodontics,
Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India – 403202
2Consultant Periodontist & Director,
Sai Multispecialty Dental Clinic & Research Centre,
Porvorim, Goa, India- 403521
Author’s contributions- Both the authors contributed equally to this paper
Corresponding author:-
Dr. Sandeep A. Lawande.
H.No. 874/5, Saideep, New Pundalik Nagar, Alto-Betim, Porvorim, Goa, India- 403521
Core Idea: Toothbrushes with end-rounded bristles should be recommended whenever possible as they are less likely to abrade hard tissue, soft tissue and restorative materials than the toothbrushes with sharp or non end-round bristles, This is probably the first study of its kind assessing the acceptable bristle end-rounding percentage for manual toothbrsuh available in Indian market. The present stereomicroscopic study was conducted to morphologically analyse and evaluate end-rounding of bristles and analyse the acceptable percentage of bristles, which in turn reflects on the quality and standardization of the toothbrush. Higher the acceptable percentage of the end-rounded bristle, better the standard.
Abstract:
Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare bristle end-rounding of manual toothbrushes commercially available in the Indian market.
Materials & Methods: Twenty samples of ten different brands of soft, unused manual toothbrushes were selected for the study. Tuft from the same position of toothbrush head was removed and examined by a single well-trained examiner under a stereomicroscope. Morphological variations were observed and classified according to Silverstone & Featherstone method and the percentage of end-rounded bristles that is considered acceptable was calculated.
Results: The percentage of end-rounded bristles considered to be ‘acceptable’ varied from 23.8% (Anchor Advanced Grip Bi-Level®) to 95.83% (Oral-B Advantage Plus®). Only 6 out of 20 toothbrushes from 5 different brands examined showed greater than 75% end-rounded bristles. 11 toothbrushes from 8 different brands showed acceptable percentage of end-rounded bristles between 50% and 72.46%. 3 toothbrushes from 2 different brands (Prudent Plus® and both samples of Anchor Advanced Grip Bi-Level®) were found to have low percentage of end-rounded bristles or more number of non-acceptable bristles.
Conclusion: Heterogeneity in the percentage of acceptable bristles of manual toothbrushes examined in the study was found to be statistically significant. The morphological analysis of bristles of manual toothbrushes revealed variations in the percentage of acceptable end-rounding pattern. This may affect plaque removal efficacy and increase the potential of soft tissue as well as hard tissue injury. Rounded bristle tips, being efficient and safe are therefore preferable and such toothbrushes should be recommended.
Key words: Bristle end-rounding; stereomicroscope; toothbrush; dental abrasion; gingival recession.
References:
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Article citation:-
Sandeep A. Lawande & Gayatri S. Lawande. Morphological analysis and evaluation of percentage acceptability of bristle end-rounding of manual toothbrushes: A stereomicroscopic study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September 34(34): 1711-1719. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Sandeep A. Lawande & Gayatri S. Lawande. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original Article
Donald S. Christian1*, K. N. Sonaliya2 & Jignesh Garsondiya3
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, 2Professor and Head, 3Assistant Professor (Statistics), Department of Community Medicine, GCS Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
*Correspondence to:-
Dr. Donald S. Christian (MD),
Assistant Professor,
Department of Community Medicine,
GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Opp DRM Office, Nr. Chamuda Bridge, Naroda Road, Ahmedabad. -380025.Gujrat, India
Phone (office): (+91) 79 66048000 ,Mobile: (+91) 9825888630
Core idea: Adverse sex ratio for girls due to possible female feticide is a burning issue in India. Pregnant women are ‘the’ stakeholder if a behavior change is expected for creation of an environment favorable to the girl child. The study focuses mainly on the knowledge as well as awareness for saving the girl child campaign (which has been run by the state and the national government) among pregnant women located in the suburban areas of Ahmedabad city.
Abstract:
Introduction: Small family trends among urban areas could lead to serious gender imbalance in urban societies, as male sex is preferred by the families by and large. Pregnant women form an important stakeholder to the success of the save the girl child mission and thereby for improving the gender imbalance. Pregnant women of all classes should be aware about why and how the girl child must be saved. Objective: To study the awareness for saving the girl child among suburban pregnant women of communities in the service areas of a medical college.
Material and Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Antenatal women of the community of Saijpur ward attending antenatal clinics of the area. A sample of 200 pregnant women was interviewed using pre-tested Performa taking their consent. Institutional ethical consent was obtained beforehand and the data were analyzed.
Results: Out of the total 200 respondents, most of them (n=184, 92%) were literate. The association between choice of a particular reason for the gender preference and the previous pregnancy outcome was also significant. Only about less than half (43.5%, n=87) of the respondents were aware about the term “female feticide” in local language. While the term “save the girl child” was known by almost two third (n=134, 67%) of the respondents. The term “women empowerment” in local language, was heard by only 30% (n=60) of the respondents.
Conclusions and recommendations: Pregnant women tend to prefer a male child, more so when keeping the fact in mind that the previous one was a daughter. The women are aware and understand the terms like “Save the girl child” and “Pre-natal testing” but they lack knowledge about terms like “Women Empowerment”. The lack of deeper knowledge about why to save the girl child could be the reason why they still prefer male child over female by themselves.
Key words: Save the girl child; Gender preferences; Female feticide; Suburban pregnant women; Ahmedabad city.
References:
1.Dey I & Chaudhuri R N, Gender Preference and its Implications on Reproductive Behavior of Mothers in a Rural Area of West Bengal, Indian J Community Med., 2009 January; 34(1): 65–67. [Pubmed]
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Article citation:-
Donald S. Christian, K. N.Sonaliya & Jignesh Garsondiya. Pregnant women’s awareness for saving the girl child- A study from suburban population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34):1720-1723.Available at http: //www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Donald S. Christian,K. N.Sonaliya & Jignesh Garsondiya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Abhijit Deshpande1 & Siddharth Patwardhan2*
Affiliation:-
1Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College, Kolhapur, India
2P.G student, Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College, Kolhapur, India
*Correspondence to:-
Dr. Siddharth Patwardhan,
Department of Prosthodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, New Paragon, Distt. Kolhapur, India.
Abstract:
Complete dentures are primarily mechanical devices, but since they function in the oral cavity, they must be fashioned so that they are in harmony with normal neuromuscular function. The philosophy behind the neutral-zone approach to complete dentures is to locate that area in the edentulous mouth where the teeth should be positioned so that the forces exerted by muscles will tend to stabilize the denture rather than unseat it.
Key words: Neutral zone; complete denture.
References:
1.Principles of Full Denture Prosthesis – Fish EW, 7th edition, London-Staples Press Ltd, 1948.
2.Cagna DR, Massad JJ, Schiesser FJ.The neutral zone revisited: from historical concepts to modern application.J Prosthet Dent. 2009 Jun;101(6):405-12. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60087-1. [Pubmed]
3.Beresin VE, Schiesser FJ.The neutral zone in complete dentures. 1976.J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Feb;95(2):93-100; discussion 100-1. [Pubmed]
4.The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms J Prosthet Dent 2005: 94;55. [Pubmed]
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6.Wright CR. Evaluation of the factors necessary to develop stability in mandibular dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1966;16: 414-30. [Pubmed]
Article citation:
Abhijit Deshpande & Siddharth Patwardhan. Improving denture stability by application of neutral zone concept – A Case report. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34):1724-1726. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Abhijit Deshpande & Siddharth Patwardhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Firehiwot Cheru, Dessalew Mekonen, Tibebu Girma, Yeshambel Belyhun, Chandrashekhar Unakal*, Mengistu Endris & Feleke Moges
Affiliation:-
School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases that threaten people living with HIV. It causes a lot of obstacles in diagnosis, and it can significantly affect the course of HIV infection.
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients in HIV positive and HIV negative patients.
Material and methods:-Between Sep 2002 to Aug 2003 all tuberculosis patients enrolled in DOTS clinic of the University of Gondar Hospital were collected retrospectively from the TB registration book. We compared the data for TB patients of HIV positive and negative subjects. Medical records of the patients were reviewed for age, gender, address, category, and type and treatment outcome.
Results: A total of 1168 tuberculosis patients were registered at Gondar University teaching hospital between September 2002 - August 2003. 637 (54.5%) were urban residents and 531 (45.5%) patient were rural resident. 153 (13.1%) patents were smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 678 (58.0%) were smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and the rest were extra pulmonary tuberculosis 337 (28.9%). We evaluated 1168 registered patients, of these, 385(67%) were HIV positive patients, 190(33%) were HIV negative patients and 593(50.8%) of the total 1168 patients were not tested for HIV. The overall treatment success rate was 294 (59.3%) and failure rate 202 (40.7%) of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV. 87 (50.9%) treatment success was observed in HIV positive patients. Whereas, the treatment success rate was recorded in HIV negative and non-tested TB patients were 44 (45.8%) and 163 (71.2%) respectively
Conclusion and Recommendation: The treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV in Gondar University Hospital showed the treatment success rate was 59.3%, which is increased compared to previous years.
Key Words: Tuberculosis, Treatment outcome.
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Article citation:-
Firehiwot Cheru et al. Comparison of treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with and without HIV in Gondar University Hospital: a retrospective study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1606-1612. Available at http://www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Firehiwot Cheru et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
D. Krishna Veni, Vishnu Datta .M, N. Vishal Gupta* & Raghunandan H.V.
Affiliation:-
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore-570015, Karnataka, India. Tel.: +919242157508.
Author’s contributions: - All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract:
Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) were brought in the purpose of standards of intellectual property rights and frame the rules of developing countries on par with the developed countries since the 1990’s. From World Trade Organization (WTO) - TRIPS agreement new challenges are faced by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Introduction of patents for pharmaceutical patent have negative impacts on pharmaceutical Industry. It would impact the growth of the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical industry can no longer manufacture by the reverse engineering by exporting drugs that patents are effective. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has been developed before TRIPS period only. Many countries are adopted this patents in that developing countries like India, China, Brazil, Korea were developed expertise to develop new products which were around the innovations in developed countries. In this review we had discussed about TRIPS agreement how it will impacts the accessibility of the essential medicines in developing countries.
Key Words: WTO; Innovation; Patents; Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS); Health crises; implications.
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Article citation:-
D. Krishna Veni., Vishnu Datta. M, N. Vishal Gupta & Raghunandan H.V. The impact of TRIPS on the accessibility of essential medicines in developing countries. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 September; 34(34): 1613-1619. Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 D. Krishna Veni, Vishnu Datta. M, N. Vishal Gupta & Raghunandan H.V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.