DocumentsDate added
Research article
Kamran Alam, Farya Zafar*, Huma Shareef
Affiliation:-
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan.
The name of the department and institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University,4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan
Author contributions:
KA: Study design, execution and analysis.
FZ: Writing and drafting the manuscript
HS: Literature search
*Correspondence to:-
Dr Farya Zafar
Associate Professor,
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy,
Ziauddin University,4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan
Abstract:
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop Metformin Hydrochloride sustained release formulation and to estimate release parameters as per different kinetic models.
Material and Methods: Two hydrophilic formulations (FHL1 and FHL2) and two hydrophobic formulations (FHP1 and FHP2) were prepared. Formulations FHL1 and FHL2 were developed by varying the concentration of binders (independent variable) using Dextrose ranged from (0 – 30 %) and Plasdone S360 (19 – 49 %). Both formulations resulted in immediate release after being placed in dissolution medium at phosphate buffer pH 6.8. For such reason, both formulations were concluded to be ineffective. Also two hydrophobic formulations (FHP1 and FHP2) were developed, the independent variable selected was the tabletting technique i.e., wet granulation method was used to produce FHP1 using ethyl cellulose (25 %) and Di-Tab (24 %) and direct compression method was used to prepare FHP2 exhibiting ethyl cellulose (30 %) and Di-tab (19 %).
Results: Results of release profile indicated that FHP1 released 80 % of the drug up to 8 hr while FHP2 released 80 % drug up to 14 hrs. Formulation FHP1 was selected as a best formulation and was used to produce two more batches (B1 and B2). Powder blends of both the batches were evaluated for flow properties i.e., angle of repose, carr’s index and hausner’s ratio. Both the batches were assessed by various physico-chemical parameters and the results were found to be in acceptable limits. The marketed product Glucophage sustained release formulation was selected as a reference product. Dissolution profiles were also compared using phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Data were assessed by model dependent methods using different kinetic models which were zero-order, first order, higuchi model and korsmeyer peppas model in order to assess release kinetics.
Conclusion: Results indicated that First-order kinetics was fitted to all formulations. Also, similarity factor (f2) was determined. Results indicated that FHP1, batch 1 and batch 2 were found similar with the reference formulation at pH 6.8.
Key words: Metformin hydrochloride; Hydrophilic, hydrophobic; Wet granulation; Direct compression and dissolution profile.
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Article citation:-
Kamran Alam,Farya Zafar,Huma Shareef. Development and evaluation of metformin hydrochloride 500mg sustained release tablets. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November; 36(36): 1844-1852. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Kamran Alam,Farya Zafar,Huma Shareef. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Majumdar Tapan1*, Bhattacharya Sibabrata2,Barman Debasis2, Baidya Subrata3
Affiliation:-
1 Associate Professor,2Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, 3Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Goverment Medical College, P.O :-Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura.-799006, India
The name of the Department and Institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Department of Microbiology,
Department of Community Medicine Agartala Goverment Medical College, P.O- Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura.-799006, India
Author contributions:
All the authors equally to this paper
*Correspondence to:
Dr Tapan Majumdar.
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Agartala Govt. Medical College, P.O- Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura. PIN-799006, India.
Abstract:
Tripura experienced first outbreak of meningococcal infection in 2009. The outbreak started from the 3rd week of January 2009 and lasted till august 2009 with its peak in the month of may 2009.During this period number of confirmed cases was 285 with 62 deaths with an attack rate of 8.4/lakh and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 22%.As per the geographical clustering of cases, maximum were reported from Chawmanu block of Dhalai district where a total of 125 case were reported with 31 deaths and the CFR was reported to be 25% with an attack rate of 351/lakh. Strategy adopted for outbreak response was Chemotherapy, Chemoprophylaxis, Strengthening of laboratory diagnostics, Limited reactive use of Vaccine and Intensive IEC activity. The study was undertaken with the objective of follow up of trends in meningococcal infection in outbreak prone area in order to prevent further outbreak and also observe the impact of vaccination in the affected area. Though the laboratory investigation reports shows a declining trends but infection still continues to occur during the subsequent years with no reports of clustering of cases from any part of Tripura. 71 cases in 2010, 10 cases in 2011, 5 cases in 2012 and till April 2013 no cases were reported. Provision of easy access to effective treatment and reactive vaccination with a polysaccharide vaccine after an outbreak though resulted in reducing the infection rate but has not prevented the occurrence of infection and death (13 in 2010, 04 in 2011,03 in 2012). Molecular insight of the circulating clones, provision of conjugate vaccine and enhanced surveillance is the need of the hour for effective control of outbreak due to meningococcal infection.
Key words: Immunoprophylaxis; Chemoprohylaxis; Meningococcal infection; Outbreak; Surveillance.
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Article citation:-
Majumdar Tapan, Bhattacharya Sibabrata, Barman Debasis,Baidya Subrata. Impact of vaccination following outbreak of meningococcal infection in Tripura, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November;36(36):1853-1859. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Majumdar Tapan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Shankar M Bakkannavar, MD DCL 1,*, Pratik V Taravadi, MD 2,Pavanchand Shetty,MD3,Raghavendra Babu YP, MD4, Vinod C Nayak, MD1, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip. Cr.L5,
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal,Manipal University, India.
4Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, India.
5Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal,Manipal University, India.
Author’s contributions- all the authors contributed equally to this paper
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, India.
Corresponding author:-
Dr Shankar MBakkannavar
Associate Professor
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, India.
Phone No.+91-820-2922450 (O) +91-9845303881 (M)
Abstract:
Teeth play an important role in the field of forensic investigations. Their ability to survive in mass disasters makes them an important tool in identification of the victim. Though the morphology and structure is similar in both males and females, there are subtle differences. Variation in dental size can give a clue about differences between the sexes.Many authors have measured the width of teeth in both males and females and found certain variations. Canines, reported to survive in air crash and hurricane disasters, are perhaps the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of crown and the root anchorage in the alveolar process of the jaws. Not only the Mesio-distal width of canines but also the intercanine distances help in identifying the gender as a part of identification. Measurement of inter-caninedistances of the mandible and maxilla provides good evidence of sex identification due to dimorphism.
Key words: Identification; Inter-canine distance; Mandibular; Sexual Dimorphism.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Article citation:-
Shankar M Bakkannavar, Pratik V Taravadi,Pavanchand Shetty, Raghavendra Babu YP, Vinod C Nayak,Pradeep Kumar G. Gender Differentiation using Inter-Canine Distances among South Indians. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 35(35): 1860-1865. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Shankar M Bakkannavar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Darlene Sredl*
Affiliation:-
Darlene Sredl, Ph.D., R.N.
Teaching professor, College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St Louis, One University Boulevard St. Louis, MO 63121-4400.
Corresponding author:-
Darlene Sredl, Ph.D., R.N.
Teaching professor, College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St Louis, One University Boulevard St. Louis, MO 63121-4400.
Core idea:
The paradigm is shifting! Contemporary research emphasis is on multidisciplinary modes of acquiring data. Even the emphasis of JPBMS is ‘Research across boundaries’ publishing multi-dimensional research venues. This article explores a new research methodology (Amalgamethodology) which was developed originally as a suggested research methodology unique to nursing. However, in practice, it has become clear that this methodology is well-suited to other scientific research endeavors also, particularly pharmacology.
Abstract:
Pharmacologic clinical trial research could yield far richer data by combining quantitative with qualitative methods, a process known as Amalgamethodology.
Key words: Amalgamethodology; Adaptive trial design; Pharmacodynamic Physiologically-based Pharmacodynamics (PBKP); Clinical trials Quantitative method; Qualitative method; Profile Analysis.
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2.Sredl D. Amalgamethodology: A research methodology unique to nursing fostering critical thinking implications for education and practice. Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2013;2(1):61-73.
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5.Sredl D. Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBNP): A Crystalized Synthesis of Apperceptions, Beliefs, and Efforts toward EBNP Implementation among Contemporary Nurse Executives in the United States of America St. Louis: College of Nursing, University of Missouri @ St. Louis; 2005.
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Sredl, D. Amalgamethodology: Building the Educational Evidence-Base for a Research Design Unique to the Science of Nursing. 11th Annual Nurse Educator Institute. North Arkansas Partnership for Health Education. Branson, MO March 15-15, 2011.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Article citation:-
Darlene Sredl. Pharmacologic implications of utilizing amalgamethodology as adaptive trial design in clinical trial research methodology. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 35(35): 1860-1865. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Darlene Sredl. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Kirtilaxmi K. Benachinmardi1, *C.Panduranga2, V.Srinivasamurthy3,Sharath N Burugina4, Vani B.R5, Navaneeth. B.V6
Affiliation:-
1Tutor/Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010,India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010,India.
3Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010.India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010,India.
5Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010,India.
6Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010,India.
Corresponding author:
Dr. C. Panduranga, M.D.,
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010, Karnataka, India. Contact no:-+91 9480710942
Abstract:
Back ground: Dengue viral infection is one of the common arboviral infections in tropical and subtropical countries. Hematological examination is an essential step in the management of these patients and in few cases it can give a clue to the underlying diseases. Hence this study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital to document the hematological changes in acute dengue fever.
Materials and Methods: This a prospective study conducted between April to September 2013. Simultaneously the blood samples were subjected for serological examination for NS1 antigen and IgM antibody by ELISA and hematological examination by autoanalyser.
Results: A total of 150 serologically proven cases of dengue cases were observed during the study period. 21.3% were less than 12 years and 78.75% were more than twelve years of age. Male to female ratio was 1.34. Thrombocytopenia was the most common change observed in 79%. Under 12 years 25% patients showed increase HCT, 62.5% had leucopenia, 18.8% had neutropenia and 80% showed atypical lymphocytes. Above 12 years haematocrit increase was seen in 3% of male and 2% of female patients, 55 % had decreased total count, 29.5% had neutropenia and 90% showed presence of atypical lymphocytes.
Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological change followed by leucopenia, neutropenia and presence of atypical lymphocytes. Hematological changes are more reflected in children than in adults.
Key words: Dengue fever; thrombocytopenia; neutropenia; leucopenia; NS1 antigen.
Article citation:
Kirtilaxmi K. Benachinmardi,C.Panduranga,V.Srinivasamurthy,Sharath N Burugina,Vani B.R,Navaneeth. B.V. Hematological profile in acute dengue infection: A study at tertiary care teaching hospital. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 36(36):1866-1870. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 C.Panduranga. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.