DocumentsDate added
Original article
Revathi S1,*, Anju Ade2,Chetana KV3,S G Hiremath4
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Associate Professor, 3Post graduate,4Professor,Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
Author’s contributions:- All the authors contributed equally to this paper
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
Corresponding author:-
Dr Anju Ade.
Associate professor,
Community Medicine Department, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur -584103, Karnataka, India
Abstract:
Background: Mother and child in a community constitute vulnerable group or special risk group, pregnancy and childbirth are special events in a women’s life. But during this period they are more vulnerable to disease and death. Lack of information and lack of economic resources are the main reasons for underutilization of services. Aims: To study the utilization pattern of post natal services.
To find out the factors influencing the utilization of post natal services. Material methods: This was cross sectional study conducted in an urban slum area (Harijanwada) of Raichur, Karnataka, India. A total of 380 mothers formed the study sample. Data was collected by house to house survey among mothers who delivered during June 2010 to May 2011 using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Data was entered in a excel spreadsheet and analyzed by using SPSS software. The test applied was chi square test for proportions.
Results: Out of 380 mothers,207(54.5%) of the mothers delivered in government Hospital, 141(37.1%) in private Hospital and 32(8.4%) at home.297 (78.2%) mothers were delivered by Doctors, 51 (13.4%) by nurse 29 (7.6%) and 3 (0.8%) were delivered by unskilled birth attendant.168 (44.2%) had post natal check up and 212 (55.8) did not have post natal checkups, Reasons for not utilizing PNC ,106 (27.9%) of mothers were unaware was the main reason for not utilizing Postnatal care.
Key words: Utilization pattern; Post-natal care; Urban slum; Mothers.
REFERENCES
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Article citation:-
Revathi S,Anju Ade,Chetana KV,S G Hiremath. A cross sectional study of utilization pattern of postnatal services in urban slums of Raichur city. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 36(36): 1909-1914. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
0riginal research
Preetinder Singh1,*,Chandni Singla2,Aditi priyamvara2
Affiliation:-
1Assoc. Professor,2Research Associate, Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDD Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDD Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Haryana, India
Corresponding author:-
Dr. Preetinder Singh, MDS.
Assoc. Professor (Periodontology and Oral Implantology), SDD Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Haryana, India
Contact number: +91-9915652946
Abstract: This study was conducted with the aim of evaluation of stress among dental students studying in Chandigarh, India. It identifies the factors responsible for stress among undergraduate dental students. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among Bachelor’s of Dental Surgery students during their preceding academic years. A 100% response from all students was obtained. The final result obtained signifies that the category of somewhat stressful was dominant amongst the total of 4 categories i.e. not stressful at all, somewhat stressful, quite stressful and very stressful. Further research is needed into methods to minimize stress on dental students.
Key words: Dental students; student stress; dentistry.
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Article citation:-
Preetinder Singh, Chandni Singla,Aditi priyamvara. The appraisal of perceived sources of stress and stress levels among dental students: A questionnaire survey. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 36(36): 1915-1918. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Preetinder Singh, Chandni Singla, Aditi priyamvara. This is an Open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Kamran Alam, Farya Zafar*, Huma Shareef
Affiliation:-
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan.
The name of the department and institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University,4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan
Author contributions:
KA: Study design, execution and analysis.
FZ: Writing and drafting the manuscript
HS: Literature search
*Correspondence to:-
Dr Farya Zafar
Associate Professor,
Ziauddin College of Pharmacy,
Ziauddin University,4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi - 75600, Pakistan
Abstract:
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop Metformin Hydrochloride sustained release formulation and to estimate release parameters as per different kinetic models.
Material and Methods: Two hydrophilic formulations (FHL1 and FHL2) and two hydrophobic formulations (FHP1 and FHP2) were prepared. Formulations FHL1 and FHL2 were developed by varying the concentration of binders (independent variable) using Dextrose ranged from (0 – 30 %) and Plasdone S360 (19 – 49 %). Both formulations resulted in immediate release after being placed in dissolution medium at phosphate buffer pH 6.8. For such reason, both formulations were concluded to be ineffective. Also two hydrophobic formulations (FHP1 and FHP2) were developed, the independent variable selected was the tabletting technique i.e., wet granulation method was used to produce FHP1 using ethyl cellulose (25 %) and Di-Tab (24 %) and direct compression method was used to prepare FHP2 exhibiting ethyl cellulose (30 %) and Di-tab (19 %).
Results: Results of release profile indicated that FHP1 released 80 % of the drug up to 8 hr while FHP2 released 80 % drug up to 14 hrs. Formulation FHP1 was selected as a best formulation and was used to produce two more batches (B1 and B2). Powder blends of both the batches were evaluated for flow properties i.e., angle of repose, carr’s index and hausner’s ratio. Both the batches were assessed by various physico-chemical parameters and the results were found to be in acceptable limits. The marketed product Glucophage sustained release formulation was selected as a reference product. Dissolution profiles were also compared using phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Data were assessed by model dependent methods using different kinetic models which were zero-order, first order, higuchi model and korsmeyer peppas model in order to assess release kinetics.
Conclusion: Results indicated that First-order kinetics was fitted to all formulations. Also, similarity factor (f2) was determined. Results indicated that FHP1, batch 1 and batch 2 were found similar with the reference formulation at pH 6.8.
Key words: Metformin hydrochloride; Hydrophilic, hydrophobic; Wet granulation; Direct compression and dissolution profile.
REFERENCES
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16.Shah SU, Khan GM, Jan SU, Shah KU, Hussain A, Khan H and Khan KA. Development of novel diclofenac potassium controlled release tablets by wet granulation technique and the effect of co-excipients on in vitro drug release rates. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 25: 161-168.
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Article citation:-
Kamran Alam,Farya Zafar,Huma Shareef. Development and evaluation of metformin hydrochloride 500mg sustained release tablets. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November; 36(36): 1844-1852. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Kamran Alam,Farya Zafar,Huma Shareef. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Majumdar Tapan1*, Bhattacharya Sibabrata2,Barman Debasis2, Baidya Subrata3
Affiliation:-
1 Associate Professor,2Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, 3Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Goverment Medical College, P.O :-Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura.-799006, India
The name of the Department and Institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Department of Microbiology,
Department of Community Medicine Agartala Goverment Medical College, P.O- Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura.-799006, India
Author contributions:
All the authors equally to this paper
*Correspondence to:
Dr Tapan Majumdar.
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Agartala Govt. Medical College, P.O- Kunjavan, Agartala, Tripura. PIN-799006, India.
Abstract:
Tripura experienced first outbreak of meningococcal infection in 2009. The outbreak started from the 3rd week of January 2009 and lasted till august 2009 with its peak in the month of may 2009.During this period number of confirmed cases was 285 with 62 deaths with an attack rate of 8.4/lakh and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 22%.As per the geographical clustering of cases, maximum were reported from Chawmanu block of Dhalai district where a total of 125 case were reported with 31 deaths and the CFR was reported to be 25% with an attack rate of 351/lakh. Strategy adopted for outbreak response was Chemotherapy, Chemoprophylaxis, Strengthening of laboratory diagnostics, Limited reactive use of Vaccine and Intensive IEC activity. The study was undertaken with the objective of follow up of trends in meningococcal infection in outbreak prone area in order to prevent further outbreak and also observe the impact of vaccination in the affected area. Though the laboratory investigation reports shows a declining trends but infection still continues to occur during the subsequent years with no reports of clustering of cases from any part of Tripura. 71 cases in 2010, 10 cases in 2011, 5 cases in 2012 and till April 2013 no cases were reported. Provision of easy access to effective treatment and reactive vaccination with a polysaccharide vaccine after an outbreak though resulted in reducing the infection rate but has not prevented the occurrence of infection and death (13 in 2010, 04 in 2011,03 in 2012). Molecular insight of the circulating clones, provision of conjugate vaccine and enhanced surveillance is the need of the hour for effective control of outbreak due to meningococcal infection.
Key words: Immunoprophylaxis; Chemoprohylaxis; Meningococcal infection; Outbreak; Surveillance.
REFERENCES
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Article citation:-
Majumdar Tapan, Bhattacharya Sibabrata, Barman Debasis,Baidya Subrata. Impact of vaccination following outbreak of meningococcal infection in Tripura, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November;36(36):1853-1859. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Majumdar Tapan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Shankar M Bakkannavar, MD DCL 1,*, Pratik V Taravadi, MD 2,Pavanchand Shetty,MD3,Raghavendra Babu YP, MD4, Vinod C Nayak, MD1, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip. Cr.L5,
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal,Manipal University, India.
4Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, India.
5Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal,Manipal University, India.
Author’s contributions- all the authors contributed equally to this paper
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, India.
Corresponding author:-
Dr Shankar MBakkannavar
Associate Professor
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, India.
Phone No.+91-820-2922450 (O) +91-9845303881 (M)
Abstract:
Teeth play an important role in the field of forensic investigations. Their ability to survive in mass disasters makes them an important tool in identification of the victim. Though the morphology and structure is similar in both males and females, there are subtle differences. Variation in dental size can give a clue about differences between the sexes.Many authors have measured the width of teeth in both males and females and found certain variations. Canines, reported to survive in air crash and hurricane disasters, are perhaps the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of crown and the root anchorage in the alveolar process of the jaws. Not only the Mesio-distal width of canines but also the intercanine distances help in identifying the gender as a part of identification. Measurement of inter-caninedistances of the mandible and maxilla provides good evidence of sex identification due to dimorphism.
Key words: Identification; Inter-canine distance; Mandibular; Sexual Dimorphism.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Article citation:-
Shankar M Bakkannavar, Pratik V Taravadi,Pavanchand Shetty, Raghavendra Babu YP, Vinod C Nayak,Pradeep Kumar G. Gender Differentiation using Inter-Canine Distances among South Indians. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 November 35(35): 1860-1865. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Shankar M Bakkannavar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.