DocumentsDate added
Original article
Sherwal B L1, Anuradha2,*, Khandekar J3, Rakshit P4, Rajani E5
Affiliation:-
1Director Professor, Department of microbiology, Lady Hardinge medical College, New Delhi,India.
2Assistant Professor, Dr RML Hospital, Department of Microbiology, New Delhi,India
3Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge medical College, New Delhi,India
4Assistant Director, Department of microbiology, CRI, Kasauli,India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Sitapura, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Lady Hardinge Medical College, Department of Microbiology, New Delhi,India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Anuradha.
H.No 522, phase2, pocket B, sector-13, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075, India
Abstract:
Background: The aim of Tuberculosis (TB) control is to cut the chain of transmission of disease; priority is given to the identification of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is important for initiating treatment to gain cure. Aims: The present study was undertaken to see the association of initial smear grading with conversion and cure rate. Methods: 200 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered from October 2006 to December 2007 were analysed. The data on the smear grading at the start of the treatment and at the end of the intensive phase of the treatment, and the treatment outcomes of the patients were evaluated.
Results: It was observed that out of 200 patients, 169(84.5%) converted at the end of intensive phase and 174(87%) cured at the end of treatment. There was significantly decrease in conversion and cure rate with increase in initial smear grading (P<0.05). It was also seen that maximum number of defaulters (7.8%), deaths (4.4%) and failures (4.4%) belongs to grade 3+. It shows that there is some association of the treatment outcome with the initial smear grading.
Conclusion: Conversion and cure rate were linearly associated with initial smear grading. The patients with higher grade (3+) have low conversion and cure rate as compared to patients with lower grades and also the unfavorable treatment outcome was seen with 3+ grades. More attention needs to be given to the higher grading by motivating the patients to return to regular treatment and sustain commitment in control of tuberculosis.
Key words: Cure Rate; Smear grading; Sputum Conversion; Tuberculosis.
REFERENCES
1.Agarwal SP, Mundade Y, Chauhan LS. Quality Assurance of sputum microscopy under RNTCP.Chapter 17 Pg 155-163.
2.Gopi PG, Chandrasekaran V, Subramani R, Santha T, Thomas A, Selvakumar N, Narayanan PR. Association of conversion & cure with initial smear grading among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with Category I regimen. Indian J Med Res 123.June 2006: pp 807-814.
3.Bhombe V, Saraf A, Dhande DJ, Gajbhiye AS. Are two sputum specimens sufficient for diagnosis of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis? Indian J Tuberc.2005; 52:157-167.
4.Feng-zeng Z, Levy MH, Sumin W. Sputum microscopy results at two and three months predict outcome of tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis.1997; 1(6):570-572.
5.Santha T, Garg R, Freiden TR, Chandrasekaran V, Subramani R, Gopi PG et al .Risk factors associated with default, failure and death among tuberculosis patients treated in a DOTS programme in Tiruvallur District, South India, 2000. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis.2002;6(9):780-788.
6.Rajpal S, Dhingra VK, Aggarwal JK. Sputum grading as predictor of treatment outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc.2002; 49:139-141.
7.Barnhoorn F, Adriaanse H. In search of factors responsible for non-compliance among tuberculosis patients in Wardha District,India. Soc Sci Med 1992; 34: 291–306.
8.Kryut M L, Kryut N D, Boeree M J, Harries A D, Salaniponi F M L, van Noord P A. The true status of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis defaulters in Malawi. Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77: 386–391.
9.Liefooghe R, Suetens C, Meulemans H, Moran M B, De Muynck A. A randomized trial of the impact of counseling on treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients in Sialkot, Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:1073–1080.
10.Harries A D, Nyong’Onya Mbewe L, Salaniponi F M L, et al.Tuberculosis programme changes and treatment outcomes in patients with smear-positive tuberculosis in Blantyre, Malawi. Lancet 1996; 347: 807–809.
11.Jin B W, Kim S C, Mori T, Shimao T. The impact of supervisory activities on tuberculosis treatment. Tubercle Lung Dis 1993; 74: 267–272.
12.White A J, Robinson-White C M, Luitel H. A report on home visiting practices conducted in remote districts of Nepal in an NGO-run tuberculosis control programme. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3: 534–536.
13.Seetha M A, Srikantaramu N, Aneja K S, Hardan Singh. Influence of motivation of patients and their family members on the drug collection by patients. Indian J Tuberc 1981; 28: 182–190.
14.Dick J, Lombardt C. Shared vision—a health education project designed to enhance adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1997; 1: 181–186.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Partially funded by Delhi Tapedic Unmulan Samiti.
Article citation:-
Sherwal B L, Anuradha, Khandekar J, Rakshit P, Rajani E. Association of initial smears grading of new pulmonary TB patients with sputum conversion rate. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1976-1980. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Sherwal B L, Anuradha, Khandekar J, Rakshit P, Rajani E. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Sougata Kumar Burman1,*, Arnab Kumar Mandal2, Debasis Das3, Jayati Das4
Affiliation:-
1Clinical tutot, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, West Bengal,India.
2Assistant Professor, Microbiology, Malda Medical College & Hospital, Malda, West Bengal, India.
3Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Microbiology, Malda Medical College & Hospital, Malda, West Bengal,India.
4Assistant Professor, Physiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Sougata Kumar Burman
Clinical tutor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia,India.
Contact number: +91-9475943811
Abstract:
Introduction: The cases of mucocutaneous candidiasis have increased dramatically in past twenty years, especially associated with incremental incidences of immunocompromised patients. It is necessary to evaluate the existing anti-fungal susceptibility pattern due to emergence of resistant strains. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the fungal pathogens from cases of mucocutaneous candidiasis and to establish the anti-fungal susceptibility pattern of the isolated species. Materials & methods: A total of 120 clinically suspected cases of mucocutaneous candidiasis identified from patients attending in different out patient departments and indoor wards of a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India, over one year. Different candida species were isolated by microscopy, culture & biochemical reactions. Anti-fungal susceptibility testing of isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using anti-fungal drugs Fluconazole, Itraconazole & Voriconazole.
Results: Candida albicans were isolated in 92 (76.6%) cases, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis were isolated in 14 (11.7%), 8(6.7%) and 6(5%) cases respectively. Anti-fungal susceptibility pattern showed Fluconazole was sensitive against 84(91.30%) isolated strains of Candida albicans, 8(57.14%) strains of Candida tropicalis, 50% strains of Candida parapsilosis & resistant against all strains of Candida krusei but Voriconazole & Itraconazole were sensitive against all isolated Candida species.
Conclusions: Study showed the emergence of Fluconazole resistant pathogenic Candida species. Voriconazole & Itraconazole were very effective against all isolated candida strains including Fluconazole resistant ones.
Key words: Mucocuteneous Candidiasis; Causative species; anti-fungal susceptibility; Tertiary Care Hospital; India.
REFERENCES
1.Agarwal SR, Rastogi RP. Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Argyreia nervosa Burm. Indian J Pharmacol.1974, 35:118-119.
2.Ali, H., P.J.Houghton, and Soumyanath. Recent advance to evaluate antidainetic drugs. A. J. Ethnopharmacol.2006, 107: 449-455.
3.Fluickiger, R., and K. H. Winterhalter. Glycosylated hemoglobins. In Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemoglobin Abnormalities. W. S. Caughey, editor.Academic Press, Inc.1978,205-214.
4.B. Dinesh Kumar, A. Mitra and M. Manjunatha. Invitro and invivo studies of Antidiabetic Indian medicinal plants:A Review. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology. 2009, 3 (2), 9-14.
5.Syamsudin,S. Standardization of extract of Leucaena leucocephala (lmk) De Wit seeds by -glucosidase inhibitor. Int. J. Phytomedicine. 2010, 2. 430-435.
6.García-Lafuente A, Guillamón E, Villares A, Rostagno MA and Martínez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm. Res. 2009, 58: 537-552.
7.Gonen, B., A. H. Rubenstein, H. Rochman, S. P. Tanega, and D. L. Horwitz,. Haemoglobin Al. An indication of the metabolic control of diabetic patients. 1977, 2(2) 734-737.
8.Prachayasittikul S, Buraparuangsang P, Worachartcheewan A, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V . Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bioreactive constituents from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack Molecular. 2008, 13: 904-921.
9.Rajiv Gandhi, G., and Sasikumar, P. Antidiabetic effect of Merremia emarginata Burm.F. In Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian. Paci. J. Tropi. Biomedicine. 2012, 2: 281-286.
10.Umapathy E, Ndebia EJ, Meeme A, Adam B, Menziwa P, Nkeh-Chungag BN, et al. An experimental evaluation of Albuca setosa aqueous extract on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation. J Med Plants Res. 2011, 4: 789-795
11.Tanzer, M. L., R. Fairweather, and P. M. Gallop. Collagen crosslinks: isolation of reduced NEhexosyl- hydroxylysine from borohydride reduced calf skin insoluble collagen. Arch. Biochemn. Biophys. 1972, 151: 137- 141.
12.Arulmozhi S, Papiya MM, Purnima A and Sathiya N. In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2008, 6: 191-196.
13.Sankari G, Mounnissamy VM, and Balu V, Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of ethanolic extracts of Diptheracanthus prostatus(Acanthaceae), Amala Research Bulletin. 2009, 29:188-89.
14.Zoccoli, M. A., S. A. Baldwin, and G. E. Lienhard. The monosaccharide transport system of the human erythrocyte.J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 253: 6923-6930
15.Sankari G, Mounnissamy VM, and Balu V. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of ethanolic extracts of Diptheracanthus prostatus(Acanthaceae), Amala Research Bulletin. 2009, 29:188-89.
16.VP Cirillo. Mechanism of Arabinose transport in Tetrahymena pyriformis.J Bacteriol.1962, 84, 485–491.
17.Gupta Daksha, Chandrashekar, Richard Lobo, Yogendra Gupta Nilesh. In-vitro Antidiabetic activity of stem bark of Buhinia purpuria Linn. 2012,4(2):614-619.
18.Conforti F, Statti G, Loizzo MR, Sacchetti G, Poli F, Menichini F.Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2005, 28 (6): 1098-1102.
19.Gabbay, K. H., J. M. Sosenko, G. A. Banuchi, M. J. Mininsohn, and R. Fliuckiger. Glycosylated hemoglobins: increased glycosylation of hemoglobin A in diabetic patients. 1976, 28: 337-340.
20.Horton, B. F., and T. H. J. Huisman. Studies on the heterogeneity of hemoglobin. VII minor haemoglobin components in haematological diseases. Br. J. Haematol. 1965, 11: 296-304.
21.Bunn, H. F., D. N. Haney, K. H. Gabbay, and P. M. Gallop. Further identification of the nature and linkage of the carbohydrate in hemoglobin Alc. Biocheml. Biophys. Res. Cornm) 7unt. 1975, 67: 103-109.
22.Cerami, A., R. Koenig, and C. M. Peterson. Haemoglobin A1, and diabetes mellitus. Br. J. Haeematol. 1978, 38: 1-4
23.S. Umadevi, G. P. Mohanta, V. Chelledurai, P. K. Manavalan. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Andrographis echiodes. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2003. 3(2):185-188
24.Govindappa M. , Naga Sravya S., Poojashri M. N., Sadananda T. S. and Chandrappa C. P. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2011, 3(3):43-51.
25.Cerami, A., R. Koenig, and C. M. Peterson. Haemoglobin A1, and diabetes mellitus. Br. J. Haeematol. 1978, 38: 1-4.
26.Chaitanya R, Sandhya S, David Banji, Vinod K.R and Murali.S HRBC Membrane Stabilizing Property of Root, Stem and Leaf of Glochidion velutinum International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011, 2 (1): 2229-3701.
27.Turker AU, Usta C. Biological screening of some Turkish medicinal plants for antimicrobial and toxicity studies. Nat. Prod. 2008, 22: 136-146.
28.Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M. and Ignacimuthu, S. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complementary Altern. Med., 2006, 6: 35-41.
29.G. Prakash Yoganandam1, K.Ilango, Sucharita De. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Membrane Stabilizing Properties of various extracts of Punica granatum L.(Lythraceae) International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN. 2010, 2(2): 1260-1263.
30.Williams L.A.D., O’Connar A., Latore L., Dennis O., Ringer S., Whittaker J.A., Conrad J., Vogler B., Rosner H., Kraus W. The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Med. J. 2008, 57: 327-331.
31.Mizushima Y, Kobayashi M. Interaction of anti ‐inflammatory drugs with serum proteins, especially with some biologically active proteins. J. Pharm. Pharm., 1968, 20: 169-173.
32.Manohara K.P., Raveendra Reddy P., Nandeesh R., Vijay kumar S. Evaluation of Anti- inflammatory activity of various extracts of Tagetes erecta Linn. Herbal Heritage., 2009, 1(2),58-63.
33.Bacchav AS, Gulache VS, Upasain CD. Analgesic and Anti Inflammatory activity of Argyreia nervosa Root. Indian J Phamacol., 2009, 41(4):158-161
34.Bailey, A. J., S. D. Robins, M. J. A. Tanner. Reducible components in the proteins of human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009, 434: 51-57.
35.Subramonium A, Madhavachandran V, Ravi K, Anuja VS. Aphrodisiac property of the Argyreia nervosa Elephant Creeper- J Endocrinol Report. 2007, 11(2):82-85.
36.Gokhle AB, Damre AS, Saraf MN. Investigation in to the Immunomodulatory activity of Argyreia speciosa- J Ethanopharmacol. 2003, 84(1):109-114.
37.Opie EL. On the relation of necrosis and inflammation to denaturation of proteins. J Exp Med. 1968, 115: 597-608.
38.VP Cirillo. Mechanism of Arabinose transport in Tetrahymena pyriformis.J Bacteriol.1962, 84, 485–491.
39.Sakat S, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. I. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 2(1): 146-155.
40.Shapiro, R., M. J. McManus, C. Zalut, and H. F. Bunn. Sites of non-enzymatic glycosylation of human hemoglobin A. J. Biol. Chemi.1980, 1(2) 165-178.
41.Shaw Cross WE. Recreational use of ergoline alkaloids from Argyreia nervosa. Journal Psychoactive drugs. 1983, 15(4): 251-259.
42.Koenig, R. J., C. M. Peterson, R. L. Jones, C. Saudek, M. Lehrman, and A. Cerami. Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin A, in diabetes mellitus. N. Enigl. J. M11ed. 1976, 295: 417-420.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Bhoomi B. Joshi, Megha G. Chaudhari,Kinnari N. Mistry. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Bhoomi B. Joshi, Megha G. Chaudhari and Kinnari N. Mistry*
Affiliation:-
Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidhya Nagar – 388121, (Gujarat) India
Author’s contributions: - All the author contributed equally to this paper.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS).
*Corresponding author:-
Kinnari N. Mistry
Associate professor in biochemistry, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidhya Nagar – 388121, (Gujarat) India
Contact no:- +91-9825857880
Abstract:
The objective of present work was to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity from methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform crude extract of Argyreia nervosa roots. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization and protein denaturation activity. The samples were studied for their effect on inhibition of glycosylation of haemoglobin, glucose transport across yeast cells and α- Amylase inhibition. From the results of the study, it is inferred that A.nervosa root possesses good anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. Moreover the results also confirmed that the methanol proved to be superior type solvent in compare to ethanol and chloroform to carry out crude extraction procedure of A.nervosa root. This activity may be due to the strong occurance of phenolic compounds such as alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, steroids and phenols. However, these effects need to be confirmed using in vivo models and clinical trials for its effective utilization as therapeutic agents.
Key words: Argyreia nervosa, In-vitro Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory assay, Metronidazole, Aspirin.
REFERENCES
1.Agarwal SR, Rastogi RP. Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Argyreia nervosa Burm. Indian J Pharmacol.1974, 35:118-119.
2.Ali, H., P.J.Houghton, and Soumyanath. Recent advance to evaluate antidainetic drugs. A. J. Ethnopharmacol.2006, 107: 449-455.
3.Fluickiger, R., and K. H. Winterhalter. Glycosylated hemoglobins. In Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemoglobin Abnormalities. W. S. Caughey, editor.Academic Press, Inc.1978,205-214.
4.B. Dinesh Kumar, A. Mitra and M. Manjunatha. Invitro and invivo studies of Antidiabetic Indian medicinal plants:A Review. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology. 2009, 3 (2), 9-14.
5.Syamsudin,S. Standardization of extract of Leucaena leucocephala (lmk) De Wit seeds by -glucosidase inhibitor. Int. J. Phytomedicine. 2010, 2. 430-435.
6.García-Lafuente A, Guillamón E, Villares A, Rostagno MA and Martínez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm. Res. 2009, 58: 537-552.
7.Gonen, B., A. H. Rubenstein, H. Rochman, S. P. Tanega, and D. L. Horwitz,. Haemoglobin Al. An indication of the metabolic control of diabetic patients. 1977, 2(2) 734-737.
8.Prachayasittikul S, Buraparuangsang P, Worachartcheewan A, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V . Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bioreactive constituents from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack Molecular. 2008, 13: 904-921.
9.Rajiv Gandhi, G., and Sasikumar, P. Antidiabetic effect of Merremia emarginata Burm.F. In Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian. Paci. J. Tropi. Biomedicine. 2012, 2: 281-286.
10.Umapathy E, Ndebia EJ, Meeme A, Adam B, Menziwa P, Nkeh-Chungag BN, et al. An experimental evaluation of Albuca setosa aqueous extract on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation. J Med Plants Res. 2011, 4: 789-795
11.Tanzer, M. L., R. Fairweather, and P. M. Gallop. Collagen crosslinks: isolation of reduced NEhexosyl- hydroxylysine from borohydride reduced calf skin insoluble collagen. Arch. Biochemn. Biophys. 1972, 151: 137- 141.
12.Arulmozhi S, Papiya MM, Purnima A and Sathiya N. In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2008, 6: 191-196.
13.Sankari G, Mounnissamy VM, and Balu V, Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of ethanolic extracts of Diptheracanthus prostatus(Acanthaceae), Amala Research Bulletin. 2009, 29:188-89.
14.Zoccoli, M. A., S. A. Baldwin, and G. E. Lienhard. The monosaccharide transport system of the human erythrocyte.J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 253: 6923-6930
15.Sankari G, Mounnissamy VM, and Balu V. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of ethanolic extracts of Diptheracanthus prostatus(Acanthaceae), Amala Research Bulletin. 2009, 29:188-89.
16.VP Cirillo. Mechanism of Arabinose transport in Tetrahymena pyriformis.J Bacteriol.1962, 84, 485–491.
17.Gupta Daksha, Chandrashekar, Richard Lobo, Yogendra Gupta Nilesh. In-vitro Antidiabetic activity of stem bark of Buhinia purpuria Linn. 2012,4(2):614-619.
18.Conforti F, Statti G, Loizzo MR, Sacchetti G, Poli F, Menichini F.Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2005, 28 (6): 1098-1102.
19.Gabbay, K. H., J. M. Sosenko, G. A. Banuchi, M. J. Mininsohn, and R. Fliuckiger. Glycosylated hemoglobins: increased glycosylation of hemoglobin A in diabetic patients. 1976, 28: 337-340.
20.Horton, B. F., and T. H. J. Huisman. Studies on the heterogeneity of hemoglobin. VII minor haemoglobin components in haematological diseases. Br. J. Haematol. 1965, 11: 296-304.
21.Bunn, H. F., D. N. Haney, K. H. Gabbay, and P. M. Gallop. Further identification of the nature and linkage of the carbohydrate in hemoglobin Alc. Biocheml. Biophys. Res. Cornm) 7unt. 1975, 67: 103-109.
22.Cerami, A., R. Koenig, and C. M. Peterson. Haemoglobin A1, and diabetes mellitus. Br. J. Haeematol. 1978, 38: 1-4
23.S. Umadevi, G. P. Mohanta, V. Chelledurai, P. K. Manavalan. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Andrographis echiodes. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2003. 3(2):185-188
24.Govindappa M. , Naga Sravya S., Poojashri M. N., Sadananda T. S. and Chandrappa C. P. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2011, 3(3):43-51.
25.Cerami, A., R. Koenig, and C. M. Peterson. Haemoglobin A1, and diabetes mellitus. Br. J. Haeematol. 1978, 38: 1-4.
26.Chaitanya R, Sandhya S, David Banji, Vinod K.R and Murali.S HRBC Membrane Stabilizing Property of Root, Stem and Leaf of Glochidion velutinum International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011, 2 (1): 2229-3701.
27.Turker AU, Usta C. Biological screening of some Turkish medicinal plants for antimicrobial and toxicity studies. Nat. Prod. 2008, 22: 136-146.
28.Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M. and Ignacimuthu, S. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complementary Altern. Med., 2006, 6: 35-41.
29.G. Prakash Yoganandam1, K.Ilango, Sucharita De. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Membrane Stabilizing Properties of various extracts of Punica granatum L.(Lythraceae) International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN. 2010, 2(2): 1260-1263.
30.Williams L.A.D., O’Connar A., Latore L., Dennis O., Ringer S., Whittaker J.A., Conrad J., Vogler B., Rosner H., Kraus W. The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Med. J. 2008, 57: 327-331.
31.Mizushima Y, Kobayashi M. Interaction of anti ‐inflammatory drugs with serum proteins, especially with some biologically active proteins. J. Pharm. Pharm., 1968, 20: 169-173.
32.Manohara K.P., Raveendra Reddy P., Nandeesh R., Vijay kumar S. Evaluation of Anti- inflammatory activity of various extracts of Tagetes erecta Linn. Herbal Heritage., 2009, 1(2),58-63.
33.Bacchav AS, Gulache VS, Upasain CD. Analgesic and Anti Inflammatory activity of Argyreia nervosa Root. Indian J Phamacol., 2009, 41(4):158-161
34.Bailey, A. J., S. D. Robins, M. J. A. Tanner. Reducible components in the proteins of human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009, 434: 51-57.
35.Subramonium A, Madhavachandran V, Ravi K, Anuja VS. Aphrodisiac property of the Argyreia nervosa Elephant Creeper- J Endocrinol Report. 2007, 11(2):82-85.
36.Gokhle AB, Damre AS, Saraf MN. Investigation in to the Immunomodulatory activity of Argyreia speciosa- J Ethanopharmacol. 2003, 84(1):109-114.
37.Opie EL. On the relation of necrosis and inflammation to denaturation of proteins. J Exp Med. 1968, 115: 597-608.
38.VP Cirillo. Mechanism of Arabinose transport in Tetrahymena pyriformis.J Bacteriol.1962, 84, 485–491.
39.Sakat S, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. I. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 2(1): 146-155.
40.Shapiro, R., M. J. McManus, C. Zalut, and H. F. Bunn. Sites of non-enzymatic glycosylation of human hemoglobin A. J. Biol. Chemi.1980, 1(2) 165-178.
41.Shaw Cross WE. Recreational use of ergoline alkaloids from Argyreia nervosa. Journal Psychoactive drugs. 1983, 15(4): 251-259.
42.Koenig, R. J., C. M. Peterson, R. L. Jones, C. Saudek, M. Lehrman, and A. Cerami. Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin A, in diabetes mellitus. N. Enigl. J. M11ed. 1976, 295: 417-420.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Article citation:-
Rajyalakshmi Gunti,Usha Rani Anaparthy,Durga Rani Arava. In vitro screening of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity of root extract of Argyreia nervosa. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1964-1971. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Bhoomi B. Joshi, Megha G. Chaudhari,Kinnari N. Mistry. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report and literature review
Ahmet Aslan1,*,Mehmet Nuri Konya1, Serdar Sargın2
Affiliation:-
1MD, Orthopaedics Surgeon; Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY.
2MD, Orthopaedics Surgeon; Balıkesir Universty, Medicine Faculty, Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Balıkesir/TURKEY.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Afyonkarahisar State Hospital,
Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY.
*Corresponding author:-
Ahmet Aslan: MD,
Orthopaedics Surgeon; Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY.
Tel:+905056462411
Abstract:
Percutaneous trigger finger releasing has been reported as a safe, effective and quick procedure, but most surgeons convert percutaneous releasing to an opened method because of residual triggering. In this article, we aimed to present an unusual case with trigger finger who underwent percutaneous releasing and afterwards opened revision surgery because of recurrence, in attribution to current literature. The patient was a 51 year-old diabetic female with pain in the middle finger of right hand and had trigger finger. Percutaneous releasing was performed by using the tip of a 18-gauge needle at the outpatient room under local anaesthesia. Theree months after percuteneous surgery, the patient reapplied to the hospital because of recurrent triggering of the finger. A secondary procedure by using opened releasing surgery method with A1 pulley was performed to fix the residual or recurrent triggering occured after the initial percutaneous surgical procedure. The patient recovered completely after the second surgery and turned back to her normal life. No complications were observed at 6 month- follow-up examinations. In patients with trigger finger, opened revision surgery is needed when the triggering relapse after percutaneous releasing. The ganglion involvement should always be kept in mind because the ganglion at the level of the metacarpal head of the flexor tendon under A1 pulley can be trapped and this is one of the very rare cause of trigger finger as it is in this case.
Key words: Trigger; Finger; Digits; Treatment; Surgical; Release; Percutaneous.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Article citation:
Ahmet Aslan,Mehmet Nuri Konya,Serdar Sargın. Revision Surgery after percutaneous release of the A1 pulley for surgical treatment of trigger finger: An unusual case and brief review of literature. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1960-1963. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Ahmet Aslan,Mehmet Nuri Konya,Serdar Sargın. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Rajyalakshmi Gunti1,Usha Rani Anaparthy2,*,Durga Rani Arava1
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Professor, Department of Microbiology,GGH campus, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada – 533008, Andhra Pradesh,India
Author’s contributions: - All the author contributed equally to this paper.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, GGH campus, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada – 533008, Andhra Pradesh,India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Usha Rani Anaparthy, MD
Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada–533008,Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract:
Aims and Objectives: The Present study was conducted in Government General Hospital, Kakinada from April - May 2013 to know the prevalence of Biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci and to compare the results of biofilm production by three different methods.
Material and Methods: A total Number of 50 Staphylococcus aureus and 50 coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from different clinical samples were screened by tissue culture plate (TCP) method, tube method (TM) and Congo red agar (CRA) method for biofilm production.
Results: Among 50 Staphylococus aureus isolates screened, biofilm production was detected in 38(76%) by TCP method, 30(60%) by tube method and 42(84%) by CRA method, where as in 50 Coagulase negative Staphylococci it was 34(68%), 20(40%) and 40(80%) by three methods respectively.
Conclusion: In our study it was found that Congo red agar method is more sensitive when compared with other two methods for detection of biofilm production. It is also simple, easy to perform and economical.
Key words: Biofilm; Congo red agar; Staphylococcus; Tissue culture plate; Tube method.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Rajyalakshmi Gunti,Usha Rani Anaparthy,Durga Rani Arava. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article citation:-
Rajyalakshmi Gunti,Usha Rani Anaparthy,Durga Rani Arava. Detection of biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci using three different methods. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1952-1956. Available at www.jpbms.info.