DocumentsDate added
Original article
Sherwal B L1, Anuradha2,*, Khandekar J3, Rakshit P4, Rajani E5
Affiliation:-
1Director Professor, Department of microbiology, Lady Hardinge medical College, New Delhi,India.
2Assistant Professor, Dr RML Hospital, Department of Microbiology, New Delhi,India
3Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge medical College, New Delhi,India
4Assistant Director, Department of microbiology, CRI, Kasauli,India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Sitapura, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Lady Hardinge Medical College, Department of Microbiology, New Delhi,India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Anuradha.
H.No 522, phase2, pocket B, sector-13, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075, India
Abstract:
Background: The aim of Tuberculosis (TB) control is to cut the chain of transmission of disease; priority is given to the identification of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is important for initiating treatment to gain cure. Aims: The present study was undertaken to see the association of initial smear grading with conversion and cure rate. Methods: 200 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered from October 2006 to December 2007 were analysed. The data on the smear grading at the start of the treatment and at the end of the intensive phase of the treatment, and the treatment outcomes of the patients were evaluated.
Results: It was observed that out of 200 patients, 169(84.5%) converted at the end of intensive phase and 174(87%) cured at the end of treatment. There was significantly decrease in conversion and cure rate with increase in initial smear grading (P<0.05). It was also seen that maximum number of defaulters (7.8%), deaths (4.4%) and failures (4.4%) belongs to grade 3+. It shows that there is some association of the treatment outcome with the initial smear grading.
Conclusion: Conversion and cure rate were linearly associated with initial smear grading. The patients with higher grade (3+) have low conversion and cure rate as compared to patients with lower grades and also the unfavorable treatment outcome was seen with 3+ grades. More attention needs to be given to the higher grading by motivating the patients to return to regular treatment and sustain commitment in control of tuberculosis.
Key words: Cure Rate; Smear grading; Sputum Conversion; Tuberculosis.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Partially funded by Delhi Tapedic Unmulan Samiti.
Article citation:-
Sherwal B L, Anuradha, Khandekar J, Rakshit P, Rajani E. Association of initial smears grading of new pulmonary TB patients with sputum conversion rate. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1976-1980. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2013 Sherwal B L, Anuradha, Khandekar J, Rakshit P, Rajani E. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case study
Mwanri Lillian (FAFPHM)1,* and Benson Jill2,3
Affiliation:-
1Discipline of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University
2Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide 3Migrant Health Service, SA Health
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Discipline of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University
Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide Migrant Health Service, SA Health
Corresponding author:-
Dr Lillian Mwanri (MD, PhD, FAFPHM)
Course Coordinator, Master of Health and International Development, Discipline of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Flinders UniversityLevel2, Health Sciences Building, Registry Road, Bedford Park SA5042.
Tel/Fax: 0872218417/0872218424
Email: lillian.mwanri@flinders.edu.au
Core idea: Cholesteatoma is a serious health condition and can lead to severe complications including meningitis, brain and extradural abscesses and death. While it is not an uncommon in developing countries, the cholesteatoma occurrence is rare in Australia. Many health professionals in Australia have not seen cholesteatoma cases in their practice. This paper analyses the occurrence of a few cases in a newly arrived refugee populations. Findings highlight the need to educate health professionals about the higher than the expected cases in newly refugee populations. The findings are highly transferable to other countries similar to Australia where refugee population from developing countries is increasing.
Authors contribution: Both the author contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to describe the unusually high prevalence of cholesteatoma in refugees, and to advocate for the preparation of health systems including educating clinicians and other health professionals about conditions that are more common in refugee populations.
Methods: An audit of patient records from the Migrant Health Service in Adelaide was conducted from June 2009 to November2011 to identify Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) and cholesteatoma cases.
Results: In the 2.5 year timeframe of the study, 20 patients were diagnosed with CSOM, including 13males (65%) and seven females (35%). Two cases of Cholesteatoma were also identified during the same study period. Details of CSOM have been published elsewhere1. In the current paper, we report two cases of Cholesteatoma in recently arrived refugee populations in South Australia.
Discussion: Both cholesteatomas and CSOM are diseases of poverty and rare conditions in the general Australian population. In the past two decades, Australia has received an increasingly high flow of migrants from across the world with significant proportions arriving with refugee backgrounds. Refugees have multiple risk factors for cholesteatoma: were having commonly been victims of torture, trauma and head injury and mostly coming from a background of severe and long-standing socio-economic disadvantage. Advocacy and education are needed to improve the preparedness of clinicians, other health workers and health systems to address the unique needs of this vulnerable group of people to ensure that they have optimum health as they settle into Australia.
Key words: Recently arrived refugee populations; Cholesteatoma; Medical and health workers’ education; addressing health inequalities.
REFERENCES
1.Benson J, Mwanri L, Chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma in Australia's refugee population. Aust Fam Physician 2012; 41(12):978-80.
2.Testa, J., Vicente, AO., Abreu, CEC., Benbassat, SF., Antunes, ML., Barros, FA., Colesteatoma causando paralisia facial.Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol, 2003. 69: 657-662.
3.Moody, M., Lambert, PR., Incidence of Dehiscence of the Facial Nerve in 416 Cases of Cholesteatoma.Otology and Neurotology, 2007. 28(3): 400-404.
4.Bento, R., Minitti, A., Marone, SAM., Complicações intratemporais e intracranianas das otites médias., in Tratado de Otologia-São Paulo, Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, Editor. 1998, FAPESP: São Paulo. p. 233-240.
5.Spiegel, J., Lustig, LR., Lee, KC., Murr, AH., Schindler, RA., Contemporary Presentation and Management of a Spectrum of Mastoid Abscesses Laryngoscope, 1998. 108(6): 822-828.
6.Smith, J., Christopher, JD., Complications of Chronic Otitis Media and Cholesteatoma.Otolaryngol Clin N Am, 2006. 39: 1237-1255.
7.Martins, G., Hausen-Pinna, M., Tsuji, RK., Brito Neto,RV., Bento, RF., Description of 34 Patients with Complicated Cholesteatomatous Chronic Otitis Media. Intl. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol São Paulo, 2008. 12(3): 370-376.
8.Swartz, J., Cholesteatoma of the middle ear: diagnosis, etiology and complications.Radiol Clin North Am, 1984. 22: 15-34.
9.Nguyen, C., Parikh, S., In Brief Cholesteatoma. Pediatrics in Review, 2008. 29(9): 330-331.
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12.Acuin, JM. Chronic suppurative otitis media: a disease waiting for solutions. Comm Ear Hearing 2007;4(6):17-19. .
13.Parry, D., Roland, P., Meyers, A. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Medscape 2011. available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/859501-overview (accessed 28/12/2012). 2011.
14.Dugdale, A., Management of chronic suppurative otitis media.MJA 2004. 180: p. 91.
15. Atlas, MD., Moffat, DA., Hardy, DG. Petrous Apex cholesteatoma: Diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. Laryngoscope 1992; 102: 1363-1368.
16.Lasisi, A., Sulaiman, OA., Afolabi, OA., Socio-economic status and hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media in Nigeria. .Ann Trop Paediatr, 2007. 27(4): 291-6.
17.Naseeruddin, K., Venkatesha, BK., Manjunath, D., Savantrewwa, IR., Complications in primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma: a prospective comparative study of 62 ears.American Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery., 2008. 29: 1-6.
18.Thornton, D., Martin, T., Amin, P., Haque, S., Wilson, S., Smith, M., Chronic suppurative otitis media in Nepal: ethnicity does not determine whether disease is associated with cholesteatoma or not. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2011. 125: 22-26.
19.Bottrill D. Post-traumatic cholesteatoma. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1991; 105: 367-369.
20.DIAC., Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship . Fact Sheet 60 - Australia’s Refugee and Humanitarian Program. Canberra: http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/60refugee.htm (accessed 26/12 2012).
21.McColl et al. Rehabilitation of torture survivors in five countries: common themes and challenges; International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2010, 4(16): doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-16 available from http://www.ijmhs.com/content/4/1/16(Accessed 10-02-2013).
22.Australian Bureau of Statistics, Perspectives on Migrants. Catalogue No. 3416.0. 2008, ABS: Canberra.
23.Adoga, A., Nimkur, T., Silas, O. Chronic suppurative otitis media: Socio-economic implications in a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal 2010; 4(3). PMCID: PMC2984311. Available fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984311/ (Accessed 12-02-2013).
24.Taipale, A., Pelkonen, T., Taipale, M., Bernardino, L., Peltola, H., Pitkäranta, A., Chronic suppurative otitis media in children of Luanda. Angola Acta Paediatrica, 2011. 100: e84-e88.
25.Johnson, D., Ziersch, AM., Burgess, T., I don’t think general practice should be the frontline: experiences of general practitioners working with refugees in South Australia.ANZ Health Policy, 2008. 5: 20.
Article citation:-
Mwanri Lillian & Benson Jill. Cases of cholesteatoma in refugee populations in South Australia. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December; 37(37): 1915-1921. Available at www.jpbms.info
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Original article
Rajyalakshmi Gunti1,Usha Rani Anaparthy2,*,Durga Rani Arava1
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Professor, Department of Microbiology,GGH campus, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada – 533008, Andhra Pradesh,India
Author’s contributions: - All the author contributed equally to this paper.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, GGH campus, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada – 533008, Andhra Pradesh,India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Usha Rani Anaparthy, MD
Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada–533008,Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract:
Aims and Objectives: The Present study was conducted in Government General Hospital, Kakinada from April - May 2013 to know the prevalence of Biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci and to compare the results of biofilm production by three different methods.
Material and Methods: A total Number of 50 Staphylococcus aureus and 50 coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from different clinical samples were screened by tissue culture plate (TCP) method, tube method (TM) and Congo red agar (CRA) method for biofilm production.
Results: Among 50 Staphylococus aureus isolates screened, biofilm production was detected in 38(76%) by TCP method, 30(60%) by tube method and 42(84%) by CRA method, where as in 50 Coagulase negative Staphylococci it was 34(68%), 20(40%) and 40(80%) by three methods respectively.
Conclusion: In our study it was found that Congo red agar method is more sensitive when compared with other two methods for detection of biofilm production. It is also simple, easy to perform and economical.
Key words: Biofilm; Congo red agar; Staphylococcus; Tissue culture plate; Tube method.
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1.Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 2001; 358: 135-8.
2.Carsten Matz, Jeremy S. Webb, Peter J. Schupp, Shui Phang, Anahit Penesyan, Suhelen Egan, Peter D. Steinberg, Staffan Kjelleberg: Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. PLoS ONE published July 23, 2008, doi/ pone.0002744.
3.“ Research on Microbial Biofilms (PA-03-047)”. NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood institute. 2012-12-20.
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5.Imamura Y, Chandra J, Mukharjee PK, et al. Fusarium and Candida albicans biofilms on soft contact lenses: model development, influence of lens type and susceptibility to lens care solutions. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy 2008 Jan;52 (1): 171 – 82. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00387-07. PMC 2223913. PMID 17999966.
6.Lewis K. Riddle of Biofilm resistance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2001 April; 45 (4): 999-1007. Doi; 10.1128/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001. PMC90417. PMID11257008.
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8.Chaudhary A, M Nagaraja and A.G Kumar. Potential of Biofilm formation by staphylococci on polymer surface and its correlation with methicillin susceptibility. Ind. J. Med. Microbiol 2009;27: 377-378.
9.Gerke C, Kraft A, Sussmuth R, Schweitzer O, Gotz F. Characterisation of N- acetylglucosaminyl transferase activity involved in the biosynthesis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis Polysaccharide intercellular adhesion. J Biol Chem 1998: 273: 18586 – 93.
10.Cramton SE, Gerke C, Schell NF, Nichol WW, Gotz F. The intercellular adhesion (ica) locus is present in Staphylococcus aureus and is required for biofilm formation. Infect Immun 1999;67:5427-33.
11.Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Bisno AL, Beachey EH. Adherence of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces. Infect Immun 1982; 37: 318-26.
12.Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger JA, Baddour LH, Barrett FF, Melton DM et al. Adherence of coagulase negative Staphylococci to Medical devices.
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13.Freeman DJ, Falkiner FR, Keane CT. New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative Staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 1989;42: 872-4.
14.Ludwicka A, switalski LM, Lundin A, pulverer G, wadstrom T. Bioluminescent assays for measurement of bacterial attachment to polyethylene. J Microbiol methods 1985; 4: 169-77.
15.Zufferey J, Rime B, Francioli P, Bille J. Simple method for rapid diagnosis of catheter associated infection by direct Acridine orange staining of catheter tips. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 26:175-7.
16.T Mathur, S Singhal , S kahn, DJ upadhyay, T Fatima, A Rattan. Detection of Biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of Staphylococci. An evaluation of three different methods. Ind Journal of Med Microbiol 2006;24(1): 25-9.
17.Bose S, M. Khodke, S. Basak and S. K. Mallik, 2009. Detection of Biofilm producing staphylococci: Need of the hour. J. Clin. Diagnostic Res 3: 1915-1920.
18.Fathima Khan, Indu Shukla, Meher Rizvi, Tariq Mansoor and S.C. Sharma, 2011. Detection of Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Does it have a role in Treatment of MRSA infections. Trends in Medical research, ISSN 1819-3587 / DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2011.
19.R Srinivasa Rao, R Uma Karthika, SP singh, P Shashikala, R Kanungo, S Jaya chandra, K Prasanth. Correlation between Biofilm production and multiple drug resistance in Imipenem resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter Baumanii. Ind Journal of Med Microbiol 2008; 26(4):333-7.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Rajyalakshmi Gunti,Usha Rani Anaparthy,Durga Rani Arava. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article citation:-
Rajyalakshmi Gunti,Usha Rani Anaparthy,Durga Rani Arava. Detection of biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci using three different methods. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1952-1956. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Case report
Manisa Sahu1,*, Arun Bal2, Pallavi Bhalekar3, Dipty Kenny4
Affiliation:-
1Consultant Microbiologist,2Consultant Diabetic surgeon, 3Technical Supervisor, 4Technologist, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate), Mahim (W), Mumbai-400016,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology and Department of Diabetic Foot Surgery: S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate), Mahim (W), Mumbai-400016,India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Manisa Sahu. MD, DNB (Micro);
Consultant Microbiologist, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate), Mahim (W), Mumbai-400016,India
Abstract:
Diabetic foot infections are usually polymicrobial, including fungal pathogens. We Report a case of DFI in a 53 year old female patient due to Fusarium species. Fusarium species, a hyaline mold, was isolated on two successive occasions. No systemic dissemination was noted and patient was managed by extensive debridement of the ulcer.
Key words: DFI; Diabetic foot infections; Fusarium species.
REFERENCES
1.Shalbha Tiwari, Daliparthy D. Pratyush, Awanindra Dwivedi, Sanjiv K. Gupta2,Madhukar Rai, Surya K. Singh.Microbiological and clinical characteristics of diabetic foot infections in northern India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 6(4):329-332.
2.Seema Nair, Sam Peter, Abhilash Sasidharan, Sujatha Sistla and Ayalur Kodakara Kochugovindan Unni. Incidence of mycotic infections in diabetic foot tissue. journal of culture collections 2006-2007;5:85-89
3.Sagar M. Miscellaneous fungi. In Gorbach S L, Bartlet JG, Blacklow N R, editors. Infectious diseases. Chapter 276, 3rd ed. 2004.p2270-5.
4.Nucci M, Anaissie E. Fusarium infections in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20:695–704
5.Viswanathan Epidemiology of diabetic foot and management of foot problems in India. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds.2010;9:122-126.
6.Ekta Bansal, Ashish Garg, Sanjeev Bhatia , A K Attri, Jagdish Chander. Spectrum of Microbial Flora in Daibetic foot ulcers. IJPM 2008; 51(2):204-8.
7.Dipali A Chincholikar (Nee Kothari), Ramprasad B Pal. Study of Fungal and Bacterial infections of the diabetic foot. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2002;45(1):15-22.
8.Chellan G, Shivaprakash S, Karimassery Ramaiyar S, Varma AK, Varma N, Thekkeparambil Sukumaran M, et al. Spectrum and prevalence of fungi infecting deep tissues of lower-limb wounds in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:2097–102.
9.Ramakrishna Pai, Rekha Boloor, Shreevidya K, Divakar Shenoy. Fusarium solani: An emerging fungus in chronic diabetic ulcer. Journal of laboratory physicians 2010;2(1):37-9.
10.Pinaki Dutta, A Premkumar, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Viral N Shah, Arnanshu Behera, Depankar De et al. Fusarium falciforme Infection of Foot in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mycopathologia 2013:DOI10.1007/s11046-013-9646-z
11.Mustafa Özyurt, Nurittin Ardıç, Kadir Turan, Şenol Yıldız, Oğuz Özyaral,Uğur Demirpek et al.The isolation of Fusarium sporotrichioides from a diabetic foot wound sample and identification. Marmara Medical Journal 2008;21(1);068-072
12.Saad J. Taj-Aldeen, Josepa Gene, Issam Al Bozom, Walter Buzina, Jose´ Francisco Cano & Josep Guarro. Gangrenous necrosis of the diabetic foot caused by Fusarium acutatum. Medical Mycology 2006; 44:547-52
13.Jagdish Chander.Textbook of Medical Mycology, New Delhi, Mehta Publishers, 2009;425-7.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
Copyright © 2013 Sahu Manisa,Bal Arun,Bhalekar Pallavi,Keny Dipti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article citation:-
Sahu Manisa,Bal Arun,Bhalekar Pallavi,Keny Dipti. Fusarium species: An emerging fungal pathogen in diabetic foot infections. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December 37(37): 1957-1959. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Original article
Debasis Das1, Sougata Kumar Burman2,*,Goutam Dhar3,Devjyoti Santra4,Prasantha Kumar Das5, Projjwal Sengupta6
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Deaprtment of PSM , Malda Medical College, Malda, West bengal,India
2Clinical Tutor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India
3Associate Professor, Community Medicine, ADME, Swasthya Bhavan, Kolkata,India
4Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, B S Medical College, Bankura,West Bengal,India
5Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry medicine,Medical college,Kolkata,India
6Assistant Professor, Community mediciane,NRS medical college,Kolkata,India
The name of the Department and Institution to which the work should be attributed:-
Deaprtment of PSM, Malda Medical College, Malda, West bengal, India
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India
B S Medical College,Bankura,West Bengal,India
ADME, Swasthya Bhavan, Kolkata,India
NRS medical college,Kolkata,India
*Correspondence to:
Dr Sougata Kumar Burman.
Clinical Tutor,
Obstetrics & Gynaecology. College of Medicine & J N M Hospital,WBUHS. Kalyni, West Bengal,India.
Mobile: 09475943811
Abstract:
Background: Team concept and leadership capacity probably played the most important role in functioning of any organization. It is also true for modern health care organization. Very few studies assessed leadership behaviour of doctors. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, behaviour assessment study, conducted between February – July 2009 involving 50% doctors selected by stratified random sampling technique of N.R.S.Medical College and K.P.C.Medical College, Kolkata. Leadership behaviour assessed following Managerial Grid Model of Robert Blake and Jane Mouton.
Results: 122 doctors in N.R.S Medical College and 53 doctors in K.P.C Medical College were included in the study. In both the institutions ‘team’ type leaders dominate (71.7% in K.P.C Medical College and 62.6% in N.R.S Medical College). Statistically no significant relationship between leadership behaviour and age, gender, duration of experience, academic qualification, management qualification, hierarchical position, and work experience in different organization and experiences of holding administrative post by the doctors were found in either institution & significant relationship between leadership behaviour and discipline was found in N.R.S. Medical College. Conclusion: A dispersed leadership pattern was found where most desirable leadership type i.e., ‘Team’ type of leaders were mostly prevalent in both the Institutions. Considerable scope for improvement was there in each of Task & Relationship domain of leadership behaviour.
Key words: Leadership behavior; Teacher-doctor; Government & Private Medical College; India.
Article citation:-
Das Debasis et al. How doctors lead? – A comparative study on leadership behaviour in a Government & a Private Hospital of Kolkata, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 December; 37(37): 1948-1951. Available at http: //www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Nil
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