DocumentsDate added
Original article
Singla K 1,*, Sodhi KS 2, Pandey R 2, Singh J 2, Sharma P3
Affiliation:-
1 Post graduate student, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
2Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
2Professor and Head of Department, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
3Ph.D student, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
Authors contribution: All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Kusum Singla,
Post Graduate Student,
Department of Biochemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
Email address: dockusumairan@gmail.com
Phone number: +91-9034933995.
Abstract:
Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of cystatin C as an early biomarker of renal impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before the onset of microalbuminuria.
Materials and methods: For the present hospital based cross-sectional study, a total number of 30 normoalbuminuric, T2DM patients for more than 5 years of duration in the age group of 30 years and above were selected. Serum and urine cystatin C estimation along with calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKDEPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations was performed.
Results: There was no statistical difference in the mean serum and urine cystatin C levels among males and females (p>0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of eGFR calculated using MDRD and CKDEPI showed the overall accuracy of 63% with sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 60% respectively. ROC analysis of urine cystatin C predicted sensitivity and specificity of 50% each.
Conclusion: Serum cystatin C estimation is a useful approach for early detection of renal impairment in T2DM. This would help in reducing the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Cystatin C, diabetes mellitus, normoalbuminuria.
Singla K ,Sodhi KS, Pandey R,Singh J,Sharma P. The utility of serum cystatin C in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 84-87. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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6.Zahran A, El-Husseini A, Shoker A. Can cystatin C replace creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate? A literature review. Am J Nephrol. 2007; 27 (2): 197–205.
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8.JeonYK, KimMR, HuhJE, Mok JY, Song SH, Kim SS et al. Cystatin C as an Early Biomarker of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26: 258-263.
9.Hojs R, Beve S, Ekart R, Gorenjak M, Puklavee L. Serum cystatin C as an endogenous marker of renal function in patients with mild to moderate impairment of kidney function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 1855-1862.
10.Grubb A, Nyman U, Bjork J, Lindstrom V, Rippe B, Sterner G, Christensson A. Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the modification of diet in renal disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children. Clin Chem 2005; 51: 1420-1431.
11.Uzun H, OzmenKeles M, Ataman R, Aydin S, Kalender B, Uslu E et al. Serum Cystatin C level as a potentially good marker for impaired kidney function. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 792-798.
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13.Villa P, Jimenez M, Soriano MC, Manzanares J, Casasnovas P. Serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Critical Care 2005; 9: 139-145.
14.Lambe E, Newman DJ, Price PJ. Kidney Function Tests. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, editor. TEITZ Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic. 4thed. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2006. p. 797-835.
15.Villa P, Jimenez M, Soriano MC, Manzanares J, Casasnovas P. Serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Critical Care 2005; 9: 139-145.
16.Vishwanathan V, Snehalatha C, Nair MB, Ramachandran. Comparative assessment of cystatin c and creatinine for determining renal function. Indian J Nephrol 2005; 15: 91-94.
17.Schück O, Teplan V, SibováJ, Stollová M. Predicting the glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and the Cockcroft and Gault formula with regard to drug dosage adjustment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 42 (2): 93–7.
18.Uchida K, Gotoh A. Measurement of cystatin C and creatinine in urine. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 323: 121-128.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Financial grant from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
Copyright © 2014 Singla K ,Sodhi KS,Pandey R,Singh J,Sharma P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma1, Mohsen Hojjat2, Nehle Parandavar3, Somaye Ramezanli4, Leili Mosalanejad5,*
Affiliation:-
1M.Sc. in Nursing, Nursing Department , School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2Nursing Phd Students, Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
3M.Sc. in maternity, Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
4M.Sc. in nursing, lecturer, Nursing Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
5Assistant professor in mental health, Mental Health Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
*To whom it corresponds:-
Leili mosalanejad.
Mental Health Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Motahari Street, Jahrom, Iran. Postal code-74148, Jahrom, Iran
Contact number: 09177920813.
Abstract
Introduction: In spite of the major role of nursing profession in improvement of the society’s health status, this profession is not sufficiently attractive. Thus, a large number of nursing students quit their profession while studying or after graduation
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 118 senior nursing students in Shiraz and Jahrom universities in 2011-2012. The study data were collected using a questionnaire which consisted of demographic information, nurse self-concept questionnaire, and nurse retention inventory.
Results: The nursing students’ professional self-concept and job retention scores were 5.25+1.21 and 4.76+1.49, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between the professional self-concept as well as its dimensions and the students’ decision for job retention.
Conclusion: Education specialists and programmers should pay special attention to the factors increasing the professional self-concept, increase the efficiency of the consultation system, and perform educational programs while education in order to increase the students’ professional self-concept and encourage them to retain their profession.
Keywords: Nursing students’; job retention.
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11.Hensel D, Stoelting-Gettelfinger W. Changes in stress and nurse self-concept among baccalaureate nursing students. The Journal of nursing education. 2011; 50(5):290.
12.Leddy S, Pepper JM. Conceptual basis of professional nursing. 3 ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1993. 10,62,3,5,6,7 p.
13.Last L, Fulbrook P. Why do student nurses leave? Suggestions from a Delphi study. Nurse Education Today. 2003;23(6):449-58.
14.Reid C, Hurst C, Anderson D. Examination of socio-demographics and job satisfaction in Australian registered nurses. Collegian: Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia. 2012.
15.Jeffreys MR. Tracking students through program entry, progression, graduation, and licensure: Assessing undergraduate nursing student retention and success. Nurse Education Today. 2007; 27(5):406-19.
16.McCarthy G, Tyrrell MP, Lehane E. Intention to’leave’or’stay’in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management. 2007;15(3):248-55.
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19.De Milt DG, Fitzpatrick JJ, McNulty SR. Nurse practitioners’ job satisfaction and intent to leave current positions, the nursing profession, and the nurse practitioner role as a direct care provider. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2011; 23(1):42-50.
20.Fagermoen MS. Professional identity: values embedded in meaningful nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1997;25(3):434-41.
21.Secrest JA, Norwood BR, Keatley VM. " I Was Actually a Nurse": The Meaning of Professionalism for Baccalaureate Nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Education. 2003;42(2):77-82.
22.Wray J, Barrett D, Aspland J, Gardiner E. “Staying the course”: factors influencing pre-registration nursing student progression into Year 2. The University of Hull, Hull. 2010.
23.FRAHER E, BELSKY DW, GAUL K, CARPENTER J. Factors affecting attrition from associate degree nursing programs in North Carolina. Cahiers de sociologie et de démographie médicales. 2010; 50(2):213-46.
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33.Kiel JM. An Analysis of Restructuring Orientation to Enhance Nurse Retention. The health care manager. 2012;31(4):302-7.
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35.Mortazavi S, Rajabipour meibode AR. Effect on job satisfaction of nurses leaving the profession through individual and organizational behavior and unconventional work. Ghazvin University of Medical Science. 2013;17(1):56-60.
36.Borkowski N, Amann R, Song S-H, Weiss C. Nurses' intent to leave the profession: issues related to gender, ethnicity, and educational level. Health Care Management Review. 2007; 32(2):160-7.
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38.Atashzadeh Shorideh F, Ashktorab T, Yaghmaei F, Alavimajd H. Association of ICU nurses’ demographic characteristics and moral distress. Iranian Journal of Ethics and Medical History. 2013;5(7):66-77.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Mohsen Hojjat, Nehle Parandavar, Somaye Ramezanli, Leili Mosalanejad. The relationship between professional self-concept and nursing students’ decision for job retention. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 156-161. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Bahar Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Mohsen Hojjat, Nehle Parandavar, Somaye Ramezanli, Leili Mosalanejad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Srinivas K1,*, Syamala2, Sunitha Tadi3, Sai Krishna P4, Viswa Teja Nallam5, Santhosh Kumar P6
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,India
3Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India
4,5,6 Yalamarty College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India
3. Yalamarty College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors contribution: All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. K.Srinivas,
Department of Pharmacology,
Andhra Medical College, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Contact no:- +91-9912811005+91-9912811005
Abstract:
Aim: Despite the tremendous increase in health care and research, little awareness is available about self-medication in developing countries like India. This study mainly aims to determine the prevalence of self-medication practices among students of Pharmacy and Engineering colleges in Visakhapatnam district with reasons and some suggestions.
Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of self-medication practice with a view to observe the irrational usage of Non- Prescription drugs (OTC drugs) among the under graduate students.
Materials and methods: Data related to this study was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire prepared in English regarding self-medication. This was a descriptional study conducted by selecting students among students from pharmacy and engineering background. The prevalence of self-medication was reported in percentage.
Results: The prevalence of self-medication practice was found to be high among pharmacy students when compared to engineering students.
Conclusion: Over the years there has been an appreciable increase in the manufacture, sales and promotion of OTC products in India and on the other view irrational use of self-medication is also increasing among the public especially younger generation like students. Thus to prevent the adverse effects of self-medication it is essential to create awareness and educate the public about responsible self- medication and develop a nationalized list of OTC drugs.
Keywords: Over the counter drugs (OTC); prescription drugs; Self-medication.
REFERENCES
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2.Mohmmad Salim T.K, Self-medication with OTC drug, Scholars Research Library. 2011; 3(1): 91-98.
3.Afolabi A.O., “Factors influencing pattern of self-medication in adult Nigerian population”, Anals of African medicine. 2008;7(3): 120-127.
4.Girma Belachew Gutema, “Self-medication practices among health science students: Case of Mekelle University” Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences. Dec-2011, ISSN-22311-3354, www.japsonline.com.
5.David.E.Webber, PhD, Director of WSMI, 3rd WSMI/ILAR/ANDI Latin American Conference, Oct2009.
6.Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India, Business Monitor International 2010, www.Indianstat.com.
7.PHARMACEUTICALS, Indian Brand Equity Foundation, August 2013. www.ibef.org.
8.Supriya Guptha; “Emerging Indian OTC Markets” Apeejay Journal of Management Sciences and technology. 2013; 1(1):25-29.
9.Pran Gopal Sahah,; ‘Indian OTC Market Opportunities and Challenges” Global Research Analysis.2013; 2(10). ISSN2277-8160.
10.Sonam Jain, “Concept of Shelf Medication”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives. 2011;2(3);831-836, 10th June 2011.
11.Mary F Dallman, “Chronic stress and comfort foods; Self-medication and abdominal obesity”. Brain, Behaviour and Immunity.2005; (19): 275-280. 29th Jan, 2005.
12.Rohit K Verma, Lalit Mohan, Manisha Pandey. Evaluation of self medication among professional students in North India: proper statutory drug control must be implemented. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2010; 3 (1): 60-64.
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14.Suleiman Ibrahim Sharif. Evaluation of self-medication among Pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2012;7(4):135-140.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Article citation:
Srinivas K,Syamala, Sunitha Tadi, Sai Krishna P, Viswa Teja Nallam, Santhosh Kumar P. Self-medication practices among students of engineering and pharmacy colleges in visakhapatnam district,Andra Pradesh,India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 127-132. Available at www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Srinivas K,Syamala, Sunitha Tadi, Sai Krishna P, Viswa Teja Nallam, Santhosh Kumar P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report
Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia1,*,Vinaykumar.S.Masamatti1,Veerendra.M.Uppin1,Lokesh D Kumar2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
2Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia.
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Abstract
With the increasing number of clinical reports of aberrant root canal morphological variations of root and root canal system, it is very important from clinician’s point of view to be aware of the variable anatomy present in a tooth. This case report describes endodontic management of four canalled and three rooted mandibular first molar.
Keywords: Anatomical variations; Radix entomolaris; three rooted mandibular molar; Endodontic treatment.
REFERENCES
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2.Schumacher C. Endodontic treatment of a mandibular first moalr with radix entomolaris: a case report. ENDO(Lond Engl) 2008;2(4):301-304.
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6.De Moor RJ, Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix wntomolaris in mandibular first molars:an endodontic challenge. Int Endod J2004;37:789-99.
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8.Gluskin AH, Peters CI, Ming Wong RD, Ruddle CJ. In: Ingle, Bakland, Baumgartner, editors. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6th ed. Netherlands: BC Decker Publishers; 2008. p. 1088-161.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation: Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia, Vinaykumar.S.Masamatti, Veerendra.M.Uppin, Lokesh D Kumar. Radix enteromolaris: A case report on endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with three roots. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 133-136. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Vishwajit Rampratap. Chaurasia, Vinaykumar S. Masamatti, Veerendra.M.Uppin, Lokesh D Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:
Kumar Ashok1, Ahlawat Babita2,*, Chaudhary Navdha2
Affiliation:-
1 Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India.
2Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
2Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College & Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
2.Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College & Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Babita Ahlawat,
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
Address:- W/o Dr Ashok Kumar, Flat no. 103, C-1 Block, Doctor’s residential complex, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
Contact numbers- 9728651161, 8199915555
Abstract
Mouth breathing in humans is an unnatural act of necessity to get air into the lungs when the primary airway is blocked by nasal or nasopharyngeal obstruction. It may be continuous or intermittent. It is a habit in which the lower jaw is dropped. The lips are parted and the tongue is depressed from its normal position. Mouth breathing has been stated to have serious effects on the development of the facial skeleton and occlusion of teeth on account of the displacement of normal lateral, buccal, and lingual muscular forces. In mouth breathing the air is received directly into the lungs without being cleansed, warmed, and moistened and it tends to lift the palate high. Mouth Breathing should be treated during the mixed dentition period to prevent or correct its ill effects on occlusion. Treatment should be aimed at elimination of the cause, Interception of the habit and Correction of the malocclusion.
Keywords: Mouth breathing; Airway interference syndrome.
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8.Abreu R R, Rocha R L, Lamounier J A, Guerra A F M. Prevalence of mouth breathing among children. Jornal de Pediatria 2008;84(5):467-470.
9.Sim J M, Finn S B. Oral Habits in Children. In: Finn S B, editor. Clinical Pedodontics. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 2003. p. 370-385.
10.Policy on Oral Habits. Oral Health Policies. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Reference Manual 2008-2009, Volume30. No.7.
11.http://www.identalhub.com/article_treatment-of-mouth-breathing-178.aspx
12.Rao A. Principle’s and Practice of Pedodontics. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2008.
13.Graber T M, Rakosi T, Petrovic A G. Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional appliance. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation:
Kumar Ashok,Ahlawat Babita,Chaudhary Navdha. Mouth Breathing. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 137-142. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Kumar Ashok,Ahlawat Babita,Chaudhary Navdha. . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.