DocumentsDate added
Original article
Olayode Olusina S1(MSc), Azubuike Chukwuemeka P1,* (PhD), Igwilo Cecilia I1 (PhD)
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, P.M.B.12003, Lagos, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, P.M.B.12003, Lagos, Nigeria
*Corresponding author:-
Azubuike Chukwuemeka P.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, P.M.B.12003, Lagos, Nigeria
Email: cazubuike@unilag.edu.ng Phone no: +234-8033618556+234-8033618556
Abstract:
The security and purity of low density polyethylene packaged water for human consumption during their shelf life was studied.
Assessment of protective ability of thin film polyethylene packaging material of twelve brands of sachet water randomly obtained in Mushin area of Lagos state was carried out by challenging the samples with Escherichia coli, methyl violet solution and dual purpose kerosene (DPK) respectively to estimate the extent it protects the content (water) from being contaminated by microorganisms, solute and vapour.
Five of the twelve brands (41.7%) were contaminated with microorganisms most likely during production. A brand was contaminated with Escherichia coli while another one with Schistosoma spp. Three other brands were contaminated with Shigella spp. Microbiological challenge test result indicated presence of challenge organism in one brand within two weeks and in three brands at fourth week. At third day of exposure to DPK, eight brands had smell and tastes of DPK, all the brands were permeated by DPK at seventh day of exposure. Only one brand was penetrated by dye (methyl violet) at first week of immersion and five other brands at fourth week of immersion.
The study shows the need for the improvement of the quality of the packaging materials for sachet water and the also the need to reduce its shelf life.
Keywords: Challenge test, Escherichia coli, Low Density Polyethylene and packaged water.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None.
Article citation:
Olayode Olusina S,Azubuike Chukwuemeka P,Igwilo Cecilia I.Assessment of the effects of low density polyethylene packaging materials on the content of sachet water marketed in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(02):100-105. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014Olayode Olusina S,Azubuike Chukwuemeka P,Igwilo Cecilia I.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Gandhi M. 1,* & Swaminathan S2
Affiliation:-
1Lab Technologist, Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, 2Chief of Biochemistry , Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Authors contribution: Both the author contributed equally to this paper.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Swaminathan S
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Abstract: It has been universally established that many factors are involved in inducing obesity which in turn is linked to Diabetes and that people who are obese have a tendency to acquire type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Studies conducted worldwide reveals that obesity may be due to several uncontrolled factors such as fatty liver, Adipose tissue fat content , eating Jung food, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension and sedentary life style. This paper gives an up to date review of many factors involved in the development of obesity which in turn induce type 2 Diabetes. It also highlights some special tests that may help to diagnose and to work out on strategies to treat such syndromes.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; copper; hemodialysis; magnesium; trace elements; zinc; Obesity, DM; T2DM; FFA;MH; ANP.
Gandhi M. & Swaminathan S. An update on the factors leading to obseity and their association to diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 72-79. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Ezissi Anthony I*, Ezejindu Damian N ,Ejimofor Obioma C
Affiliation:-
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author:-
Ezissi Anthony I.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Phone no: - +2348065931492+2348065931492
Abstract:
The present study is aimed at studying the histological changes that might occur at the liver as a result of consumption of yaji – a Nigerian meat sauce with complex mixtures of spices and additives. The study was prompted by the reports of cytotoxicity and excitotoxicity of some of its spices and additive constituents. Twenty wistar rats of an average weight of 215g were used for the study and were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats in each group. Group A served as the control and received 71g of normal feed (growers mash), while the experimental groups B, C, D received 71g of normal feed with 5g, 10g and 15g of yaji respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days (2 months) of administration of yaji. The results showed that the consumption of yaji in small amount had no effects on the histological appearance of the liver. But a large/excessive consumption of yaji induced mild distortions of histological liver appearance which includes mild central vein hypertrophy, increased cellularity and increase in vascularity with signs of edema.
Keywords: Yaji; Body weight; Liver weight; Suya.
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Article citation:
Ezissi Anthony I,Ezejindu Damian N.,Ejimofor Obioma C. A Study on the Histological Effects of Consumption of Yaji on the Liver of Wistar Rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 106-112. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Ezissi Anthony I,Ezejindu Damian N.,Ejimofor Obioma C. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Debasis Das1,Sougata Kumar Burman2,*,Prasanta Kumar Das3,Debjyoti Santra4,
Mousumi Basu5,Arnab Kumar Mondal6
Affiliation:-
1Debasis Das, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2Sougata Kumar Burman, Clinical Tutor, Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3Prasanta Kumar Das, Associate Professor, Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4Debjyoti Santra, Associate Professor, Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5Mousumi Basu, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E & R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
6Arnab Kumar Mondal, Assistant Professor, Microbiology, Malda Medical College, West Bengal, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2. Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3. Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4. Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5. Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E& R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Sougata Kumar Burman.
Clinical Tutor,Dept of Obs & Gynae, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia.
Address: - Shivam, 4 no P L Chatterjee Lane, Krishnagar, Nadia, India.
Mobile no -91-9475943811
Abstract
Though item examination has immense importance in undergraduate medical curriculum, often the objectives, basis of giving marks are poorly understood by the students. Moreover, the students may have preferences regarding methodology of the examinations. The current study is being planned to assess perception on item examination amongst undergraduate medical students. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional descriptive, observational study, conducted among 6th semester batch of M.B.B.S students of the session 2011-1012 at Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata. All the 75 students attended in a routine lecture class were filled up a pre-designed, pre-tested anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done in Excel workbook of Microsoft Office software package in computer. Result: Among 75 (75.76%) participant of 6th Semester students 24(32%) have idea about how teachers put marks in the item examinations. 63(84%) students know that marks of item examinations are added to the final university examinations. 59(78.67%) wanted items to be held in teacher’s chamber, more no. wanted on Monday (43(57.33%)) & Friday (19(25.33%)), 43(57.33%) prefer afternoon & 32(42.67%) favour forenoon, expected duration of holding 14.4±20.34minutes, 47(62.67%) wanted item one by one & 28(37.33%) in groups. Students also gave opinion about attempt in item examination, displaying marks, contribution of marks to university examination and perceived benefit.
Conclusion: Item examination should be planned based on perception and opinion of student to get maximum benefit.
Keywords: Item examination; Perception; M.B.B.S students; Kolkata.
REFERENCES
1.Rules & Regulations of MBBS Examination, available at www.thewbuhs.org: last assessed on 12.12.2013.
2.Thomas P, Hoon O P. Perception of Students towards the Examination Questions at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak. Education for Health. 2008; 21(1):1-3.
3.Mohammad J et al. A Survey of Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Quality of their Medical Education upon Graduation. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore. 2008; 37(12):1012-8.
Article citation:
Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. A study of perception of 6th semester M.B.B.S. students of institute of post graduate medical education & research, Kolkata about item examinations. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 122-126. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma1, Leili Mosalanejad2,*, Fatemeh Ghavi3, Nehle Parandavar3
Affiliation:-
1Nursing Department, Faculty member, School of Nursing, Research Center for Health Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2Mental health Department, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
3Maternity Department , School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom ,Iran
*To whom it corresponds:-
Leili mosalanejad.
Mental Health Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
09177920813
Abstract
Professionalization has a considerable impact on the nurses’ professional performance. The present study aimed to determine the effective factors in gaining professional nursing competencies in 2012.
The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences through convenience sampling. The data were collected using valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire in 5 individual, organizational, clinical, instructor, and in-service training domains. According to the study nurses, the effective factors in individual (23.68+3.53) and organizational (22.39+3.54) domains played more important roles compared to other domains. Moreover, the most important effective factors addressed in 5 domains. The nursing managers are recommended to provide the ground for creating motivation and interest in nurses and support them psychologically in order to help them gain professional competencies.
Keywords: Professional competencies; Nurses.
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Article citation:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad,Fatemeh Ghavi,Nehle Parandava. A comprehensive analysis of the effective factors in gaining professional competencies from the nurses’ viewpoints. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 148-155. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad, Fatemeh Ghavi, Nehle Parandavar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.