DocumentsDate added
Case report
Srivastava Monika1,*,Abhijeet Yadav1,Baweja Sonia2,Sharma Vandana3,Dixit Asha4
Affiliation:-
1M.B.B.S,Post Graduate Student, Department of Anatomy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP),India
2MS,Assistant Professor,3MS, Associate Professor,4MS, Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP),India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Anatomy,
Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP), India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Monika Srivastava.
C/o Mr. R.K Srivastava
H.No 1532, Near Ebnezer School,
Bhagat Singh Nagar, Bhind Road
Gola Ka Mandir, Gwalior (MP)-474005,India
Contact No: 09893553306, 09027156756
Abstract:
Background: Sternalis is a mysterious strap like muscle present in approx. 3-4% of population. Its awareness among surgeons & radiologist is imperative as it may lead to misdiagnosis and have huge clinical implications.
Aim: To study anatomical & morphological characteristics of the study muscle.
Material & Methods:- A formalin preserved male cadaver was incised in the mid sternal line. Bilateral strap muscles were seen in the parasternal region. The area was cleaned and properly visualized. Subsequently, it was measured and photographed with proper labels.
Result: Muscles were present on the anterior wall of the thorax. Both had an aponeurotic origin. The tendon of the left side was intermingled with Sternoclediomastiod while the right one was intermingled with the muscles fibers of the Pectoralis Major of both the side. Neurovascular supplies of both the side were from the intercostals nerves and vessels.
Conclusion: Dissected muscles were Sternalis Muscles. They were straight muscles that were present in the parasternal area with separate origins and insertions with no boney attachment as a Panniculous Carnosus muscle
Keywords: Sternalis; Panniculous Carnosus; Bilateral Strap Muscles.
Srivastava Monika,Abhijeet Yadav,Baweja Sonia,Sharma Vandana,Dixit Asha. A Case report on bilateral rectus sternalis muscles: A mysterious muscles. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 80-83. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Copyright © 2014 Srivastava Monika,Abhijeet Yadav,Baweja Sonia,Sharma Vandana,Dixit Asha. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution. a
Original article
Singla K 1,*, Sodhi KS 2, Pandey R 2, Singh J 2, Sharma P3
Affiliation:-
1 Post graduate student, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
2Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
2Professor and Head of Department, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
3Ph.D student, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
Authors contribution: All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Kusum Singla,
Post Graduate Student,
Department of Biochemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
Email address: dockusumairan@gmail.com
Phone number: +91-9034933995.
Abstract:
Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of cystatin C as an early biomarker of renal impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before the onset of microalbuminuria.
Materials and methods: For the present hospital based cross-sectional study, a total number of 30 normoalbuminuric, T2DM patients for more than 5 years of duration in the age group of 30 years and above were selected. Serum and urine cystatin C estimation along with calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKDEPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations was performed.
Results: There was no statistical difference in the mean serum and urine cystatin C levels among males and females (p>0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of eGFR calculated using MDRD and CKDEPI showed the overall accuracy of 63% with sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 60% respectively. ROC analysis of urine cystatin C predicted sensitivity and specificity of 50% each.
Conclusion: Serum cystatin C estimation is a useful approach for early detection of renal impairment in T2DM. This would help in reducing the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Cystatin C, diabetes mellitus, normoalbuminuria.
Singla K ,Sodhi KS, Pandey R,Singh J,Sharma P. The utility of serum cystatin C in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 84-87. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: Financial grant from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
Copyright © 2014 Singla K ,Sodhi KS,Pandey R,Singh J,Sharma P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research
Singh Ahi Rajinderjit1,*,Kaur Virdi Baljeet2.
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor,2Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Rajinderjit Singh Ahi.
Associate Professor,
Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
Core idea:
The present study is conducted on the diagnosed cases of diabetes to access the Glycated hemoglobin levels and to study the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents(OHA) Sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones in lowering the levels of blood glucose, Glycated hemoglobin and serum insulin.It was concluded from this study that the oral hypoglycemic agents sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones are effective in increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin and finally decreasing the levels of blood glucose ,Glycated hemoglobin and serum albumin.
Abstract:
Background: Glycated hemoglobin (GHb) test is a reliable indicator of glycemic control and serves as an excellent indicator of the risk for developing long term complications in diabetes mellitus (DM).
Aims: To assess the glycemic control and the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) in uncontrolled type 2 DM.
Materials and Methods: 60 cases of type 2 DM reporting to Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab (India) were divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each (group I: controlled type 2 DM, FBG <126 mg/dl and group II: uncontrolled type 2 DM, FBG >126 mg/dl). In each case, GHb, FBG and serum insulin were estimated. Group II patients were put on OHA for 12 weeks. The parameters were rechecked and compared with baseline.
Statistical analysis: Done with Epi-Info version 6.
Results: The mean FBG levels in group I and II were 116 ± 4.15 mg/dl and 183 ± 25.86 mg/dl, GHb levels were 5.84 ± 0.87% and 11.48 ± 1.59%, while serum insulin levels were 12.15 ± 5.69 µIU/ml and 54.77 ± 13.8 µIU/ml respectively (in each case, p<0.001). In group II patients, following modified treatment for 12 weeks, values declined to 119± 5.66 mg/dl for FBG (35.2% reduction), 6.81 ± 0.63% for GHb (44.3% reduction) and 21.2 ± 5.52 µIU/ml for serum insulin (56.4% reduction) (in each case, p< 0.01).
Conclusions: GHb and fasting serum insulin levels decrease with modified treatment regime especially by addition of insulin sensitizers so that insulin resistance is lowered and better glycemic control is achieved.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; oral hypoglycemic agents; glycated hemoglobin; glucose; insulin.
Article citation:
Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. Improved glycemic control and lowered insulin resistance by the use of insulin sensitizers in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 67-71. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None.
Copyright © 2014 Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Gandhi M. 1,* & Swaminathan S2
Affiliation:-
1Lab Technologist, Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, 2Chief of Biochemistry , Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Authors contribution: Both the author contributed equally to this paper.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Swaminathan S
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Abstract: It has been universally established that many factors are involved in inducing obesity which in turn is linked to Diabetes and that people who are obese have a tendency to acquire type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Studies conducted worldwide reveals that obesity may be due to several uncontrolled factors such as fatty liver, Adipose tissue fat content , eating Jung food, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension and sedentary life style. This paper gives an up to date review of many factors involved in the development of obesity which in turn induce type 2 Diabetes. It also highlights some special tests that may help to diagnose and to work out on strategies to treat such syndromes.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; copper; hemodialysis; magnesium; trace elements; zinc; Obesity, DM; T2DM; FFA;MH; ANP.
Gandhi M. & Swaminathan S. An update on the factors leading to obseity and their association to diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 72-79. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Panjiyar K.Shambhu1,*,Kumari A.R2,Jayaram Subha3,Pandey Rajesh4,Singh Jasbir4
Affiliation:-
1Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal
2Professor, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
4Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2. Department of Biochemistry, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh,India
3. Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana,India
*Corresponding author:-
Shambhu K. Panjiyar.
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mobile: 00977-9841155094
Abstract:
Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem worldwide. The status of trace elements in CKD, though altered, is often unexplored.
Aim: To evaluate serum zinc, copper and magnesium in CKD patients, before and after hemodialysis (HD).
Setting and design: Community-based prospective cross-sectional study in rural setting of Andhra Pradesh.
Materials and methods: 30 cases diagnosed as CKD patients undergoing HD, and 30 healthy subjects as controls were selected. The cases were further divided into 2 groups namely pre-HD and post-HD. In each subject, serum zinc, copper and magnesium were analyzed.
Statistical analysis: It was done by entering the data in SPSS version 12 [SPSS v12 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL)]. Bar charts and tables were prepared in Microsoft excel 2007 software program.
Results: Serum zinc levels are decreased in CKD, however, the pre-HD and post-HD values were not significantly different. Serum copper levels were unaltered. Finally, serum magnesium levels were increased in CKD but decreased significantly following HD.
Conclusions: Alteration in trace elements may occur in CKD, and may be further modified by HD. This aspect requires attention and rectification where necessary.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; copper; hemodialysis; magnesium; trace elements; zinc.
Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. Evaluation of serum zinc, copper and magnesium in patients with chronic kidney disease, before and after hemodialysis. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 88-91. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Copyright © 2014 Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.