DocumentsDate added
Review article
Gandhi M. 1,* & Swaminathan S2
Affiliation:-
1Lab Technologist, Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, 2Chief of Biochemistry , Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Authors contribution: Both the author contributed equally to this paper.
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Swaminathan S
Central Lab, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Abstract: It has been universally established that many factors are involved in inducing obesity which in turn is linked to Diabetes and that people who are obese have a tendency to acquire type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Studies conducted worldwide reveals that obesity may be due to several uncontrolled factors such as fatty liver, Adipose tissue fat content , eating Jung food, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension and sedentary life style. This paper gives an up to date review of many factors involved in the development of obesity which in turn induce type 2 Diabetes. It also highlights some special tests that may help to diagnose and to work out on strategies to treat such syndromes.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; copper; hemodialysis; magnesium; trace elements; zinc; Obesity, DM; T2DM; FFA;MH; ANP.
Gandhi M. & Swaminathan S. An update on the factors leading to obseity and their association to diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 72-79. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Panjiyar K.Shambhu1,*,Kumari A.R2,Jayaram Subha3,Pandey Rajesh4,Singh Jasbir4
Affiliation:-
1Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal
2Professor, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
4Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2. Department of Biochemistry, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh,India
3. Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana,India
*Corresponding author:-
Shambhu K. Panjiyar.
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mobile: 00977-9841155094
Abstract:
Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem worldwide. The status of trace elements in CKD, though altered, is often unexplored.
Aim: To evaluate serum zinc, copper and magnesium in CKD patients, before and after hemodialysis (HD).
Setting and design: Community-based prospective cross-sectional study in rural setting of Andhra Pradesh.
Materials and methods: 30 cases diagnosed as CKD patients undergoing HD, and 30 healthy subjects as controls were selected. The cases were further divided into 2 groups namely pre-HD and post-HD. In each subject, serum zinc, copper and magnesium were analyzed.
Statistical analysis: It was done by entering the data in SPSS version 12 [SPSS v12 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL)]. Bar charts and tables were prepared in Microsoft excel 2007 software program.
Results: Serum zinc levels are decreased in CKD, however, the pre-HD and post-HD values were not significantly different. Serum copper levels were unaltered. Finally, serum magnesium levels were increased in CKD but decreased significantly following HD.
Conclusions: Alteration in trace elements may occur in CKD, and may be further modified by HD. This aspect requires attention and rectification where necessary.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; copper; hemodialysis; magnesium; trace elements; zinc.
Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. Evaluation of serum zinc, copper and magnesium in patients with chronic kidney disease, before and after hemodialysis. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 88-91. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Copyright © 2014 Panjiyar K.Shambhu,Kumari A.R,Jayaram Subha,Pandey Rajesh,Singh Jasbir. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research
Singh Ahi Rajinderjit1,*,Kaur Virdi Baljeet2.
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor,2Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Rajinderjit Singh Ahi.
Associate Professor,
Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
Core idea:
The present study is conducted on the diagnosed cases of diabetes to access the Glycated hemoglobin levels and to study the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents(OHA) Sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones in lowering the levels of blood glucose, Glycated hemoglobin and serum insulin.It was concluded from this study that the oral hypoglycemic agents sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones are effective in increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin and finally decreasing the levels of blood glucose ,Glycated hemoglobin and serum albumin.
Abstract:
Background: Glycated hemoglobin (GHb) test is a reliable indicator of glycemic control and serves as an excellent indicator of the risk for developing long term complications in diabetes mellitus (DM).
Aims: To assess the glycemic control and the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) in uncontrolled type 2 DM.
Materials and Methods: 60 cases of type 2 DM reporting to Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab (India) were divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each (group I: controlled type 2 DM, FBG <126 mg/dl and group II: uncontrolled type 2 DM, FBG >126 mg/dl). In each case, GHb, FBG and serum insulin were estimated. Group II patients were put on OHA for 12 weeks. The parameters were rechecked and compared with baseline.
Statistical analysis: Done with Epi-Info version 6.
Results: The mean FBG levels in group I and II were 116 ± 4.15 mg/dl and 183 ± 25.86 mg/dl, GHb levels were 5.84 ± 0.87% and 11.48 ± 1.59%, while serum insulin levels were 12.15 ± 5.69 µIU/ml and 54.77 ± 13.8 µIU/ml respectively (in each case, p<0.001). In group II patients, following modified treatment for 12 weeks, values declined to 119± 5.66 mg/dl for FBG (35.2% reduction), 6.81 ± 0.63% for GHb (44.3% reduction) and 21.2 ± 5.52 µIU/ml for serum insulin (56.4% reduction) (in each case, p< 0.01).
Conclusions: GHb and fasting serum insulin levels decrease with modified treatment regime especially by addition of insulin sensitizers so that insulin resistance is lowered and better glycemic control is achieved.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; oral hypoglycemic agents; glycated hemoglobin; glucose; insulin.
Article citation:
Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. Improved glycemic control and lowered insulin resistance by the use of insulin sensitizers in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 67-71. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None.
Copyright © 2014 Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Debasis Das1,Sougata Kumar Burman2,*,Prasanta Kumar Das3,Debjyoti Santra4,
Mousumi Basu5,Arnab Kumar Mondal6
Affiliation:-
1Debasis Das, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2Sougata Kumar Burman, Clinical Tutor, Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3Prasanta Kumar Das, Associate Professor, Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4Debjyoti Santra, Associate Professor, Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5Mousumi Basu, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E & R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
6Arnab Kumar Mondal, Assistant Professor, Microbiology, Malda Medical College, West Bengal, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2. Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3. Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4. Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5. Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E& R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Sougata Kumar Burman.
Clinical Tutor,Dept of Obs & Gynae, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia.
Address: - Shivam, 4 no P L Chatterjee Lane, Krishnagar, Nadia, India.
Mobile no -91-9475943811
Abstract
Though item examination has immense importance in undergraduate medical curriculum, often the objectives, basis of giving marks are poorly understood by the students. Moreover, the students may have preferences regarding methodology of the examinations. The current study is being planned to assess perception on item examination amongst undergraduate medical students. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional descriptive, observational study, conducted among 6th semester batch of M.B.B.S students of the session 2011-1012 at Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata. All the 75 students attended in a routine lecture class were filled up a pre-designed, pre-tested anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done in Excel workbook of Microsoft Office software package in computer. Result: Among 75 (75.76%) participant of 6th Semester students 24(32%) have idea about how teachers put marks in the item examinations. 63(84%) students know that marks of item examinations are added to the final university examinations. 59(78.67%) wanted items to be held in teacher’s chamber, more no. wanted on Monday (43(57.33%)) & Friday (19(25.33%)), 43(57.33%) prefer afternoon & 32(42.67%) favour forenoon, expected duration of holding 14.4±20.34minutes, 47(62.67%) wanted item one by one & 28(37.33%) in groups. Students also gave opinion about attempt in item examination, displaying marks, contribution of marks to university examination and perceived benefit.
Conclusion: Item examination should be planned based on perception and opinion of student to get maximum benefit.
Keywords: Item examination; Perception; M.B.B.S students; Kolkata.
REFERENCES
1.Rules & Regulations of MBBS Examination, available at www.thewbuhs.org: last assessed on 12.12.2013.
2.Thomas P, Hoon O P. Perception of Students towards the Examination Questions at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak. Education for Health. 2008; 21(1):1-3.
3.Mohammad J et al. A Survey of Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Quality of their Medical Education upon Graduation. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore. 2008; 37(12):1012-8.
Article citation:
Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. A study of perception of 6th semester M.B.B.S. students of institute of post graduate medical education & research, Kolkata about item examinations. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 122-126. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma1, Leili Mosalanejad2,*, Fatemeh Ghavi3, Nehle Parandavar3
Affiliation:-
1Nursing Department, Faculty member, School of Nursing, Research Center for Health Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2Mental health Department, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
3Maternity Department , School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom ,Iran
*To whom it corresponds:-
Leili mosalanejad.
Mental Health Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
09177920813
Abstract
Professionalization has a considerable impact on the nurses’ professional performance. The present study aimed to determine the effective factors in gaining professional nursing competencies in 2012.
The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences through convenience sampling. The data were collected using valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire in 5 individual, organizational, clinical, instructor, and in-service training domains. According to the study nurses, the effective factors in individual (23.68+3.53) and organizational (22.39+3.54) domains played more important roles compared to other domains. Moreover, the most important effective factors addressed in 5 domains. The nursing managers are recommended to provide the ground for creating motivation and interest in nurses and support them psychologically in order to help them gain professional competencies.
Keywords: Professional competencies; Nurses.
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Article citation:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad,Fatemeh Ghavi,Nehle Parandava. A comprehensive analysis of the effective factors in gaining professional competencies from the nurses’ viewpoints. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 148-155. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad, Fatemeh Ghavi, Nehle Parandavar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.