DocumentsDate added
Case report
Srivastava Monika1,*,Abhijeet Yadav1,Baweja Sonia2,Sharma Vandana3,Dixit Asha4
Affiliation:-
1M.B.B.S,Post Graduate Student, Department of Anatomy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP),India
2MS,Assistant Professor,3MS, Associate Professor,4MS, Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP),India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Anatomy,
Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (MP), India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Monika Srivastava.
C/o Mr. R.K Srivastava
H.No 1532, Near Ebnezer School,
Bhagat Singh Nagar, Bhind Road
Gola Ka Mandir, Gwalior (MP)-474005,India
Contact No: 09893553306, 09027156756
Abstract:
Background: Sternalis is a mysterious strap like muscle present in approx. 3-4% of population. Its awareness among surgeons & radiologist is imperative as it may lead to misdiagnosis and have huge clinical implications.
Aim: To study anatomical & morphological characteristics of the study muscle.
Material & Methods:- A formalin preserved male cadaver was incised in the mid sternal line. Bilateral strap muscles were seen in the parasternal region. The area was cleaned and properly visualized. Subsequently, it was measured and photographed with proper labels.
Result: Muscles were present on the anterior wall of the thorax. Both had an aponeurotic origin. The tendon of the left side was intermingled with Sternoclediomastiod while the right one was intermingled with the muscles fibers of the Pectoralis Major of both the side. Neurovascular supplies of both the side were from the intercostals nerves and vessels.
Conclusion: Dissected muscles were Sternalis Muscles. They were straight muscles that were present in the parasternal area with separate origins and insertions with no boney attachment as a Panniculous Carnosus muscle
Keywords: Sternalis; Panniculous Carnosus; Bilateral Strap Muscles.
Srivastava Monika,Abhijeet Yadav,Baweja Sonia,Sharma Vandana,Dixit Asha. A Case report on bilateral rectus sternalis muscles: A mysterious muscles. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 80-83. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Copyright © 2014 Srivastava Monika,Abhijeet Yadav,Baweja Sonia,Sharma Vandana,Dixit Asha. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution. a
Research article
Nisha Bindu Murali *, Murugadoss, R.Vidhya, S.Karthik, Sateesh
Affiliation:-
Department of Anaesthesia, Chennai Medical College and Research Center,IRUNGALUR, TRICHY-621105 Tamilnadu,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Irungalur, Trichy-621105 Tamilnadu, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr.Nisha Bindu Mural.
Senior resident,
Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Irungalur, Trichy-621105 Tamilnadu, India
Core idea: The main purpose of this study was to find the effect of systemic hypertension in blood-brain-barrier and indirectly csf-albumin levels. And its contribution as a predictor of Stroke in the future which mostly occurs due to disruption of BBB .
Abstract:
Aim: To compare the Cerebrospinal fluid Albumin levels in normal patients and patients with systemic hypertension and hence to analyse the effect of systemic hypertension in the blood-brain-barrier. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Irungalur, Trichy from May to June 2013. Hospital ethical committee approval was attained and informed written consent was also obtained from all patients participating in the study. All patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Both hypertensive and normal patients undergoing sub-umbilical surgeries under subarachnoid block were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. 49 patients in each group, Group A included patients with systemic hypertension on treatment and Group B were normal patients without any co-morbid conditions. Under strict aseptic precautions lumbar puncture was done using 25 G Quincky needle and 0.5ml of CSF was collected in a sterile container and send for biochemical analysis. Patients who had traumatic tap were excluded from the study. CSF -albumin levels were calculated by immunodensitometric method and then were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and Students–t Test.
Results: Demographic data was analyzed using Chi-Square test and found that there was not any statistical significance. While, CSF albumin levels in normal group was 137.25 ± 28.77 while it was 289.41 ± 54.05 in hypertensive group .This difference was statistically significant.
Discussion: The albumin in the blood reaches CSF through the process of diffusion1. This restricted exchange of materials between blood and perivascular and extravascular fluid is done through the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system. Disruption of tight junctions in the BBB is the hallmark of not only many CNS pathology but also systemic diseases7. One such diseases is systemic hypertension which brings about inflammatory changes in the body including neuro-inflammation. This not only causes disruption of BBB but also increases the Para cellular permeability i.e. bends without breaking them.
This cellular change in the BBB due to hypertension may increase its permeability to albumin which in turn increases the CSF albumin levels. In our study, CSF albumin level was higher in hypertensive group compared to normal patients. This difference was statistically significant. This difference signifies the changes occurring in the BBB in hypertensive individuals which could lead to stroke in the future. Weather CSF albumin levels could be used as a predictor of stroke and its relation to years of hypertensive state are to be analyzed in our next study.
Key words: CSF Albumin levels; Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB); Diffusion.
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5.I. Gonzalez-Marrero, E. M. Carmona-Calero, P. Fernandez-Rodriguez et al., “Expression of certain proteins in the subfornical organ and cerebrospinal fluid of spontaneously hypertensive rats,” Histology and Histopathology.2007; 22(12):1371–1378.
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7.H. Al-Sarraf, F. Ghaaedi, and Z. Redzic, “Time course of hyperosmolar opening of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers in spontaneously hypertensive rats,” Journal of Vascular Research,vol. 2007;44(2): 99–109.
8.Habgood MD, Sedgwick JE, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR A developmentally regulated blood-cerebrospinal fluid transfer mechanism for albumin in immature rats. J Physiol.1992; Oct 456:181-92.
9.Ibrahim Gonzalez-Marrero,Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz ,Juan M. GonzalezToledo, “ High Blood Pressure Effects on the Blood to Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Composition:A Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Study in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats” International Journal of Hypertension, Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 164653,2013.
10.I. Gonzalez-Marrero, L. Castaneyra-Ruiz, J. M. Gonzalez-Toledo et al., “High blood pressure effects on the brain barriers and choroid plexus secretion,” Neuroscience & Medicine.2012;3(1);60–64.
11.Huber JD, Egleton RD, Davis TP Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier. Trends Neurosci . 2001; 24(12):719-25.
12.D. Carnevale, G. Mascio, M. A. Ajmone-Cat et al., “Role of neuroinflammation in hypertension-induced brain amyloid pathology,” Neurobiology of Aging. 2012;33(1):205.e19–205.e29.
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Article citation:
Nisha Bindu Murali, Murugadoss, R.Vidhya, S.Karthik, Sateesh. A comparative study of the cerebrospinal fluid -albumin levels in normal patients and in patients with systemic hypertension. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 118-121. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Nisha Bindu Murali, Murugadoss, R.Vidhya, S.Karthik, Sateesh . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma1, Leili Mosalanejad2,*, Fatemeh Ghavi3, Nehle Parandavar3
Affiliation:-
1Nursing Department, Faculty member, School of Nursing, Research Center for Health Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2Mental health Department, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
3Maternity Department , School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom ,Iran
*To whom it corresponds:-
Leili mosalanejad.
Mental Health Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
09177920813
Abstract
Professionalization has a considerable impact on the nurses’ professional performance. The present study aimed to determine the effective factors in gaining professional nursing competencies in 2012.
The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences through convenience sampling. The data were collected using valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire in 5 individual, organizational, clinical, instructor, and in-service training domains. According to the study nurses, the effective factors in individual (23.68+3.53) and organizational (22.39+3.54) domains played more important roles compared to other domains. Moreover, the most important effective factors addressed in 5 domains. The nursing managers are recommended to provide the ground for creating motivation and interest in nurses and support them psychologically in order to help them gain professional competencies.
Keywords: Professional competencies; Nurses.
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Article citation:
Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad,Fatemeh Ghavi,Nehle Parandava. A comprehensive analysis of the effective factors in gaining professional competencies from the nurses’ viewpoints. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 148-155. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Zohreh Badiyepeyma, Leili Mosalanejad, Fatemeh Ghavi, Nehle Parandavar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Debasis Das1,Sougata Kumar Burman2,*,Prasanta Kumar Das3,Debjyoti Santra4,
Mousumi Basu5,Arnab Kumar Mondal6
Affiliation:-
1Debasis Das, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2Sougata Kumar Burman, Clinical Tutor, Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3Prasanta Kumar Das, Associate Professor, Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4Debjyoti Santra, Associate Professor, Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5Mousumi Basu, Associate Professor, Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E & R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
6Arnab Kumar Mondal, Assistant Professor, Microbiology, Malda Medical College, West Bengal, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India.
2. Gynae & Obstetrics, College of Medicine & J.N.M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India.
3. Psychiatry Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
4. Gynae & Obstetrics, B.S. Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
5. Community Medicine, I.P.G.M.E& R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Sougata Kumar Burman.
Clinical Tutor,Dept of Obs & Gynae, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia.
Address: - Shivam, 4 no P L Chatterjee Lane, Krishnagar, Nadia, India.
Mobile no -91-9475943811
Abstract
Though item examination has immense importance in undergraduate medical curriculum, often the objectives, basis of giving marks are poorly understood by the students. Moreover, the students may have preferences regarding methodology of the examinations. The current study is being planned to assess perception on item examination amongst undergraduate medical students. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional descriptive, observational study, conducted among 6th semester batch of M.B.B.S students of the session 2011-1012 at Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata. All the 75 students attended in a routine lecture class were filled up a pre-designed, pre-tested anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done in Excel workbook of Microsoft Office software package in computer. Result: Among 75 (75.76%) participant of 6th Semester students 24(32%) have idea about how teachers put marks in the item examinations. 63(84%) students know that marks of item examinations are added to the final university examinations. 59(78.67%) wanted items to be held in teacher’s chamber, more no. wanted on Monday (43(57.33%)) & Friday (19(25.33%)), 43(57.33%) prefer afternoon & 32(42.67%) favour forenoon, expected duration of holding 14.4±20.34minutes, 47(62.67%) wanted item one by one & 28(37.33%) in groups. Students also gave opinion about attempt in item examination, displaying marks, contribution of marks to university examination and perceived benefit.
Conclusion: Item examination should be planned based on perception and opinion of student to get maximum benefit.
Keywords: Item examination; Perception; M.B.B.S students; Kolkata.
REFERENCES
1.Rules & Regulations of MBBS Examination, available at www.thewbuhs.org: last assessed on 12.12.2013.
2.Thomas P, Hoon O P. Perception of Students towards the Examination Questions at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak. Education for Health. 2008; 21(1):1-3.
3.Mohammad J et al. A Survey of Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Quality of their Medical Education upon Graduation. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore. 2008; 37(12):1012-8.
Article citation:
Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. A study of perception of 6th semester M.B.B.S. students of institute of post graduate medical education & research, Kolkata about item examinations. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 122-126. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Debasis Das,Sougata Kumar Burman,Prasanta Kumar Das,Debjyoti Santra,Mousumi Basu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Ezissi Anthony I*, Ezejindu Damian N ,Ejimofor Obioma C
Affiliation:-
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author:-
Ezissi Anthony I.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Phone no: - +2348065931492+2348065931492
Abstract:
The present study is aimed at studying the histological changes that might occur at the liver as a result of consumption of yaji – a Nigerian meat sauce with complex mixtures of spices and additives. The study was prompted by the reports of cytotoxicity and excitotoxicity of some of its spices and additive constituents. Twenty wistar rats of an average weight of 215g were used for the study and were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats in each group. Group A served as the control and received 71g of normal feed (growers mash), while the experimental groups B, C, D received 71g of normal feed with 5g, 10g and 15g of yaji respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days (2 months) of administration of yaji. The results showed that the consumption of yaji in small amount had no effects on the histological appearance of the liver. But a large/excessive consumption of yaji induced mild distortions of histological liver appearance which includes mild central vein hypertrophy, increased cellularity and increase in vascularity with signs of edema.
Keywords: Yaji; Body weight; Liver weight; Suya.
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Article citation:
Ezissi Anthony I,Ezejindu Damian N.,Ejimofor Obioma C. A Study on the Histological Effects of Consumption of Yaji on the Liver of Wistar Rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 106-112. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Ezissi Anthony I,Ezejindu Damian N.,Ejimofor Obioma C. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.