DocumentsDate added
Original Article
Thalquotra Mohit 1,*, Pandey Rajesh2, Singh Jasbir2, Agrawal B.K.3, Sodhi K.S.2
Affiliation:-
1P.G. student, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
3Professor, Department of Medicine, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2. Department of Medicine, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Mohit Thalquotra.
P.G. student, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana,India
Mobile:+91-8221033642+91-8221033642
Abstract
Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence. Abnormalities in the structure and function of the thyroid gland and in the metabolism and plasma concentration of thyroid hormones are common in patients with CKD.
Aims: In view of variability of thyroid function tests reported in patients with CKD in previous studies, a prospective study of thyroid profile was performed in patients with CKD.
Setting and design: Prospective cross sectional study in rural setting of Haryana.
Materials and Methods: Total number of 30 patients with CKD on conservative management who were admitted to Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala during the period January 2013-January 2014 were selected in this prospective study. There were two groups (30 patients and 30 controls). Serum T3, T4 and TSH were evaluated in the subjects of both the groups and compared.
Statistical analysis: By SPSS version 12 [SPSS v12 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)].
Results: 23.33% of the uremic patients kept on conservative treatment or on regular hemodialysis showed significant reduction of serum T3 and T4 in comparison to the control group. However, the level of TSH did not show significant alterations.
Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction merits attention for the better management of CKD patients.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
REFERENCES
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26.Quion-verde H.Prevalence of thyroid disease in chronic kidney failure and dialysis patients. IXth Int Congr of Nephrol, 1984; 120.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation:
Thalquotra Mohit ,Pandey Rajesh, Singh Jasbir, Agrawal B. K., Sodhi K.S. Evaluation of thyroid profile in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 143-147. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Thalquotra Mohit, Pandey Rajesh, Singh Jasbir, Agrawal B. K., Sodhi K.S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research
Singh Ahi Rajinderjit1,*,Kaur Virdi Baljeet2.
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor,2Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr. Rajinderjit Singh Ahi.
Associate Professor,
Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
Core idea:
The present study is conducted on the diagnosed cases of diabetes to access the Glycated hemoglobin levels and to study the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents(OHA) Sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones in lowering the levels of blood glucose, Glycated hemoglobin and serum insulin.It was concluded from this study that the oral hypoglycemic agents sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinediones are effective in increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin and finally decreasing the levels of blood glucose ,Glycated hemoglobin and serum albumin.
Abstract:
Background: Glycated hemoglobin (GHb) test is a reliable indicator of glycemic control and serves as an excellent indicator of the risk for developing long term complications in diabetes mellitus (DM).
Aims: To assess the glycemic control and the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) in uncontrolled type 2 DM.
Materials and Methods: 60 cases of type 2 DM reporting to Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab (India) were divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each (group I: controlled type 2 DM, FBG <126 mg/dl and group II: uncontrolled type 2 DM, FBG >126 mg/dl). In each case, GHb, FBG and serum insulin were estimated. Group II patients were put on OHA for 12 weeks. The parameters were rechecked and compared with baseline.
Statistical analysis: Done with Epi-Info version 6.
Results: The mean FBG levels in group I and II were 116 ± 4.15 mg/dl and 183 ± 25.86 mg/dl, GHb levels were 5.84 ± 0.87% and 11.48 ± 1.59%, while serum insulin levels were 12.15 ± 5.69 µIU/ml and 54.77 ± 13.8 µIU/ml respectively (in each case, p<0.001). In group II patients, following modified treatment for 12 weeks, values declined to 119± 5.66 mg/dl for FBG (35.2% reduction), 6.81 ± 0.63% for GHb (44.3% reduction) and 21.2 ± 5.52 µIU/ml for serum insulin (56.4% reduction) (in each case, p< 0.01).
Conclusions: GHb and fasting serum insulin levels decrease with modified treatment regime especially by addition of insulin sensitizers so that insulin resistance is lowered and better glycemic control is achieved.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; oral hypoglycemic agents; glycated hemoglobin; glucose; insulin.
Article citation:
Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. Improved glycemic control and lowered insulin resistance by the use of insulin sensitizers in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 67-71. Available at www.jpbms.info.
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10.Frier BM, Ashby JP, Nairn IM, Bairs JD. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon concentrations in patients with insulin-independent diabetes treated with chlorpropamide. Diab Metab 1981; 7(1): 45-9.
11.Kumar S, Boulton AJM, Nielsen HB, Berthezene F, Muggeo M, Persson B et al. Triglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 701-709.
12.Miyazaki Y, Ferrannini E, Mahankali A, Cusi K, Mastuda M, Mandarino et al. Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 710-719.
13.Roberts VL, Stewart J, Issa M, Lake B, Melis R. Triple therapy with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and a thiazolidinedione: results of 30 week randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. Clin Ther 2005; 27(10): 1535-1547.
14.Yamasaki Y, Kawamori R, Wasada T. Pioglitazone (AD-4833) ameliorates insulin resistance in patients with NIDDM. Tohoku J Exp Med 1997; 183: 173-183.
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16.Iozzo P, Solin O, Hallsten K, Lonnqvist F, Oikonen V, Ferrannini E et al. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone: monotherapy on insulin-mediated hepatic glucose uptake and their relation to visceral fat in type 2 diabetic. Diabeties Care 2003; 26: 2069-2074.
17.Derosa G, Cicera AF, Gaddi A, Ragonesi PD, Fogari E, Bertone G et al. Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride: a twelve-month, multicenter, double blind, randomized, controlled parallel group trial. Clin Ther 2004; 26(5): 744-754.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None.
Copyright © 2014 Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,Baljeet Kaur Virdi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:
Kumar Ashok1, Ahlawat Babita2,*, Chaudhary Navdha2
Affiliation:-
1 Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India.
2Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
2Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College & Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
2.Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College & Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Babita Ahlawat,
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
Address:- W/o Dr Ashok Kumar, Flat no. 103, C-1 Block, Doctor’s residential complex, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
Contact numbers- 9728651161, 8199915555
Abstract
Mouth breathing in humans is an unnatural act of necessity to get air into the lungs when the primary airway is blocked by nasal or nasopharyngeal obstruction. It may be continuous or intermittent. It is a habit in which the lower jaw is dropped. The lips are parted and the tongue is depressed from its normal position. Mouth breathing has been stated to have serious effects on the development of the facial skeleton and occlusion of teeth on account of the displacement of normal lateral, buccal, and lingual muscular forces. In mouth breathing the air is received directly into the lungs without being cleansed, warmed, and moistened and it tends to lift the palate high. Mouth Breathing should be treated during the mixed dentition period to prevent or correct its ill effects on occlusion. Treatment should be aimed at elimination of the cause, Interception of the habit and Correction of the malocclusion.
Keywords: Mouth breathing; Airway interference syndrome.
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1.Quinn G W. Airway interference syndrome: clinical identification and evaluation of nose breathing capabilities. Angle Orthod. 1983; 53(4):311-319.
2.Paul J L, Nanda R S. Effect of mouth breathing on dental occlusion. Angle Orthod. 1973 April: 201-206.
3.Peterson J E. Pediatric Oral Habits. In: Stewart R E, Barber T K, Troutman K C, Wei S H Y, editors. Pediatric Dentistry: Scientific foundations and clinical practice. St. Louis. The C. V. Mosby Company; 1982. p. 361-372.
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5.Tandon S. Textbook of Pedodontics. 2nd ed. Hyderabad: Paras Medical Publishing; 2009.
6.Van Bon M J, Zielhuis G A, Rach G H, Van Den Broek P. Otitis media with effusion and habitual mouth breathing in Dutch preschool children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1989 May; 17(2):119-25.
7.Barros J R C, Becker H M G, Pinto J A. Evaluation of atopy among mouth breathing pediatric patients referred for treatment to a tertiary care center. Jornal de Pediatria 2006;82(6):458-464.
8.Abreu R R, Rocha R L, Lamounier J A, Guerra A F M. Prevalence of mouth breathing among children. Jornal de Pediatria 2008;84(5):467-470.
9.Sim J M, Finn S B. Oral Habits in Children. In: Finn S B, editor. Clinical Pedodontics. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 2003. p. 370-385.
10.Policy on Oral Habits. Oral Health Policies. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Reference Manual 2008-2009, Volume30. No.7.
11.http://www.identalhub.com/article_treatment-of-mouth-breathing-178.aspx
12.Rao A. Principle’s and Practice of Pedodontics. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2008.
13.Graber T M, Rakosi T, Petrovic A G. Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional appliance. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation:
Kumar Ashok,Ahlawat Babita,Chaudhary Navdha. Mouth Breathing. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 137-142. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Kumar Ashok,Ahlawat Babita,Chaudhary Navdha. . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report
Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia1,*,Vinaykumar.S.Masamatti1,Veerendra.M.Uppin1,Lokesh D Kumar2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
2Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding author:-
Dr.Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia.
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontic, KLE’S Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Abstract
With the increasing number of clinical reports of aberrant root canal morphological variations of root and root canal system, it is very important from clinician’s point of view to be aware of the variable anatomy present in a tooth. This case report describes endodontic management of four canalled and three rooted mandibular first molar.
Keywords: Anatomical variations; Radix entomolaris; three rooted mandibular molar; Endodontic treatment.
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1.Carabelli G. Systematisches Handbuch der Zahnheilkunde. 2nd ed. Vienna: Braumuller und Seidel, 1844:114.
2.Schumacher C. Endodontic treatment of a mandibular first moalr with radix entomolaris: a case report. ENDO(Lond Engl) 2008;2(4):301-304.
3.Calberson FL, Moor RJD, Deroose CA. The radix entomolaris and premolars: clinical approach in Endodntics. JOE 2007;33:58-63.
4.Curzon ME. Miscegenation and the prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars in the Baffin eskimos.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1974;2:130-1.
5.Carlsen O, Alexandersen V. Radix entomolaris:identification and morphology. Scan J Res 1990;98:363-73.
6.De Moor RJ, Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix wntomolaris in mandibular first molars:an endodontic challenge. Int Endod J2004;37:789-99.
7.Rakesh Rajan R, Senthil Kumar, Mohan Kumar NS, Karunakaran JV. Elusive canals in Endodontics. J Indian Acad Dent Spec. 2011;2:37-42.
8.Gluskin AH, Peters CI, Ming Wong RD, Ruddle CJ. In: Ingle, Bakland, Baumgartner, editors. Ingle’s Endodontics. 6th ed. Netherlands: BC Decker Publishers; 2008. p. 1088-161.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation: Vishwajit.Rampratap.Chaurasia, Vinaykumar.S.Masamatti, Veerendra.M.Uppin, Lokesh D Kumar. Radix enteromolaris: A case report on endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with three roots. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 133-136. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Vishwajit Rampratap. Chaurasia, Vinaykumar S. Masamatti, Veerendra.M.Uppin, Lokesh D Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Srinivas K1,*, Syamala2, Sunitha Tadi3, Sai Krishna P4, Viswa Teja Nallam5, Santhosh Kumar P6
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,India
3Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India
4,5,6 Yalamarty College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pharmacology, Andhra Medical College, KGH,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India
3. Yalamarty College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors contribution: All the authors contributed equally to this paper.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. K.Srinivas,
Department of Pharmacology,
Andhra Medical College, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Contact no:- +91-9912811005+91-9912811005
Abstract:
Aim: Despite the tremendous increase in health care and research, little awareness is available about self-medication in developing countries like India. This study mainly aims to determine the prevalence of self-medication practices among students of Pharmacy and Engineering colleges in Visakhapatnam district with reasons and some suggestions.
Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of self-medication practice with a view to observe the irrational usage of Non- Prescription drugs (OTC drugs) among the under graduate students.
Materials and methods: Data related to this study was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire prepared in English regarding self-medication. This was a descriptional study conducted by selecting students among students from pharmacy and engineering background. The prevalence of self-medication was reported in percentage.
Results: The prevalence of self-medication practice was found to be high among pharmacy students when compared to engineering students.
Conclusion: Over the years there has been an appreciable increase in the manufacture, sales and promotion of OTC products in India and on the other view irrational use of self-medication is also increasing among the public especially younger generation like students. Thus to prevent the adverse effects of self-medication it is essential to create awareness and educate the public about responsible self- medication and develop a nationalized list of OTC drugs.
Keywords: Over the counter drugs (OTC); prescription drugs; Self-medication.
REFERENCES
1.Responsible self-care and self-medication; A World-wide survey of consumers, 2006.
2.Mohmmad Salim T.K, Self-medication with OTC drug, Scholars Research Library. 2011; 3(1): 91-98.
3.Afolabi A.O., “Factors influencing pattern of self-medication in adult Nigerian population”, Anals of African medicine. 2008;7(3): 120-127.
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6.Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India, Business Monitor International 2010, www.Indianstat.com.
7.PHARMACEUTICALS, Indian Brand Equity Foundation, August 2013. www.ibef.org.
8.Supriya Guptha; “Emerging Indian OTC Markets” Apeejay Journal of Management Sciences and technology. 2013; 1(1):25-29.
9.Pran Gopal Sahah,; ‘Indian OTC Market Opportunities and Challenges” Global Research Analysis.2013; 2(10). ISSN2277-8160.
10.Sonam Jain, “Concept of Shelf Medication”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives. 2011;2(3);831-836, 10th June 2011.
11.Mary F Dallman, “Chronic stress and comfort foods; Self-medication and abdominal obesity”. Brain, Behaviour and Immunity.2005; (19): 275-280. 29th Jan, 2005.
12.Rohit K Verma, Lalit Mohan, Manisha Pandey. Evaluation of self medication among professional students in North India: proper statutory drug control must be implemented. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2010; 3 (1): 60-64.
13.Pankaj Jain. Statistical Study on self-medication pattern in Haryana, India. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 2(1); 21-35.
14.Suleiman Ibrahim Sharif. Evaluation of self-medication among Pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2012;7(4):135-140.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Source of support: None
Article citation:
Srinivas K,Syamala, Sunitha Tadi, Sai Krishna P, Viswa Teja Nallam, Santhosh Kumar P. Self-medication practices among students of engineering and pharmacy colleges in visakhapatnam district,Andra Pradesh,India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(02): 127-132. Available at www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Srinivas K,Syamala, Sunitha Tadi, Sai Krishna P, Viswa Teja Nallam, Santhosh Kumar P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.