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Research article
Nuha M.E. Agabna1 , Sania A.I. Shaddad2,*, A.K. Mudathir3
Affiliation:-
1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Khartoum, Sudan
2 Deptartment of Medicine (Pharmacology), Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum, Sudan
3 Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Khartoum, Sudan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Khartoum, Sudan
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Nuha ME Agabna
Department of Pharmacology), Faculty of Pharmacy University of Khartoum, Sudan
Contact no:-++249912564229
Abstract
Lawsonia inermis, family Lythraceae (henna) is used traditionally to manage many conditions. This study evaluated the effects of 500 and 1000g/Kg dose of ethanolic seeds extracts on haematologic parameters, serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, plasma proteins, lipids profile, and random blood glucose.
Method: A single oral dose of 500mg and 1000mg /Kg was administered to two groups of mice to study acute toxicity. The extract was administered orally daily for 30 days to two groups of five animals each; one receiving 500mg/Kg and the other 1000mg/kg, a third group was control given normal saline 10ml/Kg. Blood samples were taken at days 0, 15 and 30 and analyzed for complete haemogram, kidney and liver function. By the end of the experiment animals were sacrificed, examined post mortally, histological slides of vital organs prepared to study the effects.
Results: The acute dose of 500mg and 1000mg /Kg caused no death in animals after 24 hours, and no signs of change in feeding, behavior, diarrhea or loss of fur were observed.
WBC, RBC haemoglobin and platelets count were minimally affected. Serum Na and K were not deviated from control, and so for creatinine and urea. Liver enzymes were not affected by chronic administration of henna extract. However a slight but significant elevation in AST was recorded in the high dose group. Plasma proteins were not affected. The lipids profile was similar to control group. Random blood glucose was same as the control group (within the limits). Post mortem examination showed no signs of toxicity. Observing feeding and animals behavior no differences were seen.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of L. inermis seeds at the studied doses is safe with no detrimental effects.
Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, safety, haematology, renal function, liver function.
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Article citation:
Nuha Agabna ME, Sania Shaddad AI, Mudathir AK. Safety of Lawsonia inermis ethanolic seeds extract. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(43):303-309. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Nuha Agabna ME, Sania Shaddad AI, Mudathir AK. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Trivedi Grishma1,*, Nerurkar Alka B2
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, 2Professor & Head, Microbiology Department, GMERS Medical College & Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Microbiology Department, GMERS Medical College& Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Grishma Trivedi.
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, GMERS Medical College & Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India.
Email: drgrtrivedi@gmail.com
Abstract:
Introduction: HIV infection is a global epidemic. In India, HIV was first detected in commercial sex workers in Tamil Nadu in 1986 and since then, the infection is growing quite fast with geographic variation. The epidemiology of HIV in rural India is not well known and rural residents have been underrepresented, despite 67% of HIV infected people live in rural areas.
Aim: To find out the sero-prevalence of HIV infection in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital.
Material & Method: A retrospective analysis was carried out, of 3802 participants enrolled at Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC) attached to our tertiary care teaching hospital. HIV sero-positive participants were further analysed on the basis of age, sex and possible routes of transmission.
Results: Out of 3802, 1909 (50.21%) were males, 1887 (49.63%) were females and 06 (0.16%) were Trans-sexual/Transgender (TS/TG). Amongst the total of 3802 participants, 175 (4.6%) were proved to be positive for HIV-1 infection. Prevalence of HIV infection among males was 104 (5.45%), females was 67 (3.55%) and TS/TG was 4 (66.7%); while the most common transmission route was heterosexual (n=158, 90.3%), followed by vertical (n=15, 8.6%) and homosexual/Bisexual (n=2, 1.14 %).
Conclusion: More studies are required for population residing in rural areas as HIV epidemic appears to be moving from urban to rural populations..
Keywords: HIV; Rural tertiary care hospital; Sero-prevalence; Trans-sexual/Transgender population.
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Article citation:
Trivedi Grishma, Nerurkar AB. Seroprevalence of HIV infection in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital of South Gujarat from January To December 2012. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(04):356-360.Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Trivedi Grishma, Nerurkar AB. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Khetri R1,*, Dugar D2, Tim H T3
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor, 2Assistant professor, 3 2nd year P.G Student, Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical college and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
*To whom it corresponds:
Dr. DHARMENDRA DUGAR.
Assistant professor,
Department of surgery, Hi Tech Medical College & hospital; Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Mobile no.09437091846
Abstract:
Background: Little efforts have been done to know if Background: Health care associated infections are frequent in surgical wards and represent a high burden on patients and hospital in terms of morbidity, mortality, prolonged length of hospital stay and additional costs. In this study we analyse organism found at incision site intraoperatively and its relation with post-operative wound infection.
Material & method: We conducted a prospective hospital based study of 114 patients who underwent elective surgery. Patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two groups were considered–clean wounds (Group A) and clean contaminated wounds (Group B). Samples were taken from two sites–operative field and subcutaneous plane. Post-operative samples were collected from wound showing signs of infection.
Results: Most common organism grown in Group A in decreasing order was Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and E. coli. Group B has Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli being the most common followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella. In post-operative period 4 patients from Group A and the same number of patients in Group B had serous/ purulent discharge. Out of 8/114 cases of surgical site infections only once the intra-operative site organism and post-procedure infection site organism was found to be same.
Conclusion: Although endogenous bacteria is responsible in most cases of SSI but intra-operative surgical site bacteria and post-operative SSI culture may be different. Hence taking suture site swab for culture in all surgical patients is not recommended for clean or clean contaminated wounds.
Keywords: Surgical Site Infection [SSI];Centres of Disease Control and prevention (CDC);Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA].
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Article citation:
Khetri R, Dugar D, Tim HT. Surgical site infection and its relation to Intra operative suture site organisms. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(04): 338-342. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Niraj K Biswas1,*,Parimal H Patel2,Suresh Narayan Sharma3,Shankar Prakash4
Affiliation:-
1Assocaite professor,2Assistant Professor, Microbiology, GMERS Medical college, Valsad, Gujarat, India
3Professor,4Professor and HOD, Microbiology, PMCH, Patna, Bihar India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.GMERS Medical college, Valsad, Gujarat, India
2.PMCH, Patna, Bihar India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Niraj K Biswas
Department of Microbiology, GMERS Medical college, Valsad, Gujarat, India
Contact no:+91-8758607152
Abstract:
Diarrhoeal diseases are a global public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality among infants and children especially in the developing countries. From the bacterial pathogen E.coli is constantly associated with it worldwide. Aim of the study to know prevalence of bacterial pathogen in diarrhoea in patients up to three year of age.
Materials and Methods: In duration of six month (Jan–June 2004) stool samples were collected from patients (up to 3 years of age) of diarrhoea and proceed by standard conventional method. Serological identification of isolated strains of E.Coli done at Central Research Institute Kasauli.
Results: stool samples of 125 patients were collected , in which male were more affected. E.coli isolated in 70.4% cases followed by Klebsiella sp., proteus sp., pseudomonas sp., shigella sp. and staphylococcus sp.. Isolated E.coli were of different serotype.
Conclusion: E. coli was predominant organism isolated. Serotype 055:B5 is commonest followed by 0127:B8 serotype in diarrhoea caused by E.coli.
Keywords: Diarrhoea, E.coli, serotype.
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Article citation:
Biswas NK,Patel PH,Sharma NS,Prakash S. Study of prevalence of Bacterial pathogen as causative agent of diarrhoea in 0-3 years patients attending a Tertiary care Hospital Patna, Bihar,India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(03): 371-374. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article.
B. N. Pandey1,*,D. Kumar1, Esha2
Affiliation:-
1Eco-genetical Research Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, 2P.G.Department of Economics Purnea College Purnia, Bihar,India.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
P.G. Department of Zoology, P.G .Department of Economics Purnea College Purnia, Bihar, India.
*To whom it corresponds:-
B. N. PANDEY.
P.G. Department of Zoology, Purnia College Purnia, Bihar, India
Abstract
Terai belt of Bihar is an agricultural zone. Economically it is a backward zone. The economy is agriculture dependent. About 70% women of weaker sections work as daily laborers in agricultural fields, 10% in brick factories and remaining as maid servants or in Angan Badi. The health status of these rural women of Terai belt was studied in relation to housing type, sanitation and occupation. The general health of rural women of Terai belt is not satisfactory. They are victim of a large number of diseases such as anemia, menstrual disorders, leucorrhea, arthritis, asthma, skin diseases, TB, malaria, filarial, kala-azar etc. The main reasons behind their health are poor and insanitary houses, poor socio-economic condition, poor literacy, poor facility of drinking water and their occupation. It is the need of time that these rural women should be provided better health care facilities for their better future. There must be regular environmental awareness programmes at village level. To educate them about sanitation, personal hygiene and protection against their work related aspects should be first step towards better of their health. They must be convinced about the bad effect of insanitary condition, ill ventilated house, disposal of garbage near houses, drinking of contaminated water as well as taking food without proper cleaning of hands. All these can be done with the help of slides, posters and films etc.
Keywords:Health status; rural women; terai belt; sanitation; personal hygiene.
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Article citation:
Pandey BN, Esha DK. Health status of rural women of terai belt of Bihar (India) in relation to housing type, sanitation and occupation. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(04):284-290. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Pandey BN, Kumar D,Esha. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.