DocumentsDate added
Original article:
Grewal Y1,*, Evans W2
1Reader & Head, Public Health Dentistry, Rayat Bahra Dental College & Hospital (Punjab), India
2Head of the Discipline, Community Oral Health & Epidemiology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Community Oral Health & Epidemiology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia
*To whom it corresponds:-
Yasmin Grewal.
House no. 1082, Sector 2, Panchkula - 134112
Haryana, India
Phone- + 91-9914512277+ 91-9914512277
Abstract:
Objective: Dental emergencies may have serious implications for infantry soldiers during military commitments as the efficiency of the unit may be compromised. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dental fitness, treatment needs, oral health behavior and beliefs of members of an Indian Army Regiment.
Material and Methods: A post deployment dental assessment of Indian Army soldiers of an infantry regiment that had served in combat was conducted in a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 270 subjects volunteered that included soldiers (96%) and non-commissioned officers (4%); the response rate was 89%. Eighty five percent of the population was younger than 35 years.
Results: The mean DMFT was 1.6, 2.8, and 2.7 for the age groups 20-24, 25-34, and 35 plus years respectively. Fifty nine percent were in need of restorations, 4% and 13% needed endodontic intervention and extractions respectively, and 13% were in need of periodontal treatment. Only 15% knew that AIDS could be passed from person to person via other bodily fluids.
Discussion: Poor oral health related quality of life was significantly related to a higher need for dental services, poor periodontal status, lifelong caries experience, and age. There was a substantial unmet need for restorative work and endodontic care indicating potential dental emergencies. There is a need to formulate a preventive health program that leads to a reduction in exposure to risk factors for oral diseases and measures are required to ensure that dental problems identified through annual dental examinations are treated in a timely manner.
Keywords: Indian Army; Oral Health; DMFT; CPI; AIDS; Military.
Ethical approval: Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Indian Army Head Quarters (New Delhi, India) and approved by Human Research Ethics Committee (The University of Sydney, Australia).
REFERENCES
1.Deutsch WM. Simecek JW. Dental emergency visits of Marine Corps personnel. Mil Med. 1995;160(11):555-7.
2.Chisick MC, Piotrowski MJ. Estimated cost of dental treatment for active duty and recruit US military personnel. Mil Med. 2000;165(1):70-1.
3.Moss DL. Dental emergencies during SFOR 8in Bosnia. Mil Med. 2002;167(11): 904-906.
4.Dunn WJ. Dental emergency rates at an expeditionary medical support facility supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. Mil Med. 2004;169(5): 349-352.
5.Dunn WJ. Langsten RE, Flores S, Fandell JE. Dental emergency rates at two expeditionary medical support facility supporting Operation Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. Mil Med. 2004;169(7):510-514.
6.Richardson PS. Dental morbidity in United Kingdom Armed Forces, Iraq 2003. Mil Med. 2005;170(6):536-541.
7.Asymhr O,Grytten J. Changing trends in cries experience among male military recruits in Norway. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994;22(3):206-7.
8.Antoft P,Rambusch E, Antoft B, Christensen HW. Cries experience, dental health behaviour and social status – three comparative surveys among Danish military recruits in 1972, 1982 and 1993. Community Dent Health. 1999;16(2):80-4.
9.Rajasuo A,Murtomaa H, Meurman JH, Ankkuriniemi O. Oral health problems in Finnish conscripts. Mil Med. 1991;156(1):16-8.
10.Petersson LG, Jonsson G, Stadler LE. Samfors KA. Gleerup A. Oral status and estimated treatment need in Swedish air force conscripts. Swed Dent J. 1989;13(1-2):69-76.
11.Dale JW. Toothbrushing frequency and its relationship to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Aust Dent J. 1969;14(2):120-3.
12.Shahar Y, Carel RS. Changes in smoking patterns in young military recruits in relationship to psychosocial characteristics. Mil Med. 1991;156(9):455-61.
13.Schei E, Sogaard J. The impact of military service on young men’s smoking behaviour. Prev Med. 1994;23(2):242-8.
14.Voelker MD, Saag KG, Schwartz DA, Chrischilles E, Clarke WR, Woolson personnel. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(10):899-907.
15.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. HIV Prevalence in India is Second Highest in World. Avaialble at: www.rxpgnews.com/medicalnews/healthcare/india/article_1564; 2005 [accessed on 25.05.05]
16.Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2011 - people living with the HIV virus. Avaialble at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2156rank.html; 2012 [accessed on 25.07.12]
17.China News Agency. AIDS Becomes Biggest Killer in India Army. Available at: http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=18745; 2005 [accessed on 25.05.05]
18.United Nations. India teams with UN to fight spread of HIV/AIDS. Available at http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=14119&Cr=hiv&Cr1=aids#.UkvyXWQpYeY;2005 [accessed on 03.05.05].
19.Chen M, Anderson RM, Barmes DE, Leclercq MH, Lyttle CS. Core questionnaires and clinical examination forms. In: Comparing Oral Health Care Systems. A Second Collaborative Study. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1997:293-300.
20.World Health Organization. Oral health surveys – basic methods, 4th edition. Geneva: 1997.
21.Gaare D, Joelmiar FA, Ouderaa FV, Rolla G. A cross-sectional study of DMFT and CPITN scores in a group of Indonesian soldiers. Scand J Dent Res. 1989;97(1):20-4.
22.Johansson AK, Johansson A, Birkhed D, Omar R, Baghdadi S, Carlsson GE. Dental erosion, soft-drink intake, and oral health in young Saudi men, and the development of a system for assessing erosive anterior tooth wear. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996;54(6):369-78.
23.Sgan-Cohen HD, Horev T, Zusman SP, Katz J, Eldad A. The prevalence and treatment of dental caries among Israeli permanent force military personnel. Mil Med. 1999;164(8):562-5.
24.Richardson PS, Mclntyre IG. Dental treatment needs of a cohort of Royal Air Force recruits over 5 years. Community Dent Health. 1996;13(1):11-6.
25.Hopcraft M, Morgan M. Dental caries experience in young adult military population. Aust Dent J. 2003;48(2):125-9.
26.Marker OT, Vigild M, Praetorius F. Oral health problems and treatment needs in Danish military personnel recruited for United Nations service. Mil Med. 1997;162(6):416-21.
27.Causes and Risk Factors of Periodontal disease. Available at: www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/dc/caz/enth/peri/causes.jsp; 2005 [accessed on 13.08.05]
28.Alexander DC, Pethybridge RJ. Changing trends in dental restorative treatment needs of naval recruits 1987-89-disease or diagnosis? J R Nav Med Serv. 1989;75(2):85-91.
Article citation:
Grewal Y,Evans W. Dental. Fitness of Indian Army Soldiers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05):375-381. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Grewal Y,Evans W. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
M.Gandhi1,* ,R.Rajitha1 ,Dr.R.Padmini2
1Department of Biochemistry, SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences, Vadapalani, Chennai-600026
2Department of Biochemistry, VELS College of Science, Chennai-600117
3Department of Biochemistry, VELS College of Science, Chennai-600117
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Biochemistry, SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences, Vadapalani, Chennai-600026
2. Department of Biochemistry, VELS College of Science, Chennai-600117
3. Department of Biochemistry, VELS College of Science, Chennai-600117
*To whom it corresponds:-
M.Gandhi M.Sc.,M.Phil., (PhD).,
Department of Biochemistry,
SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences, Vadapalani, Chennai-600026, Tamil Nadu, South India
E-mail: gandhivysya@gmail.com
Contact: 9841091636
Abstract:
This study was designed to determine the in vivo and in vitro anticancer potential of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits against U937 cell line. Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) is a medium-sized tree that grows in the wild throughout India. T. chebula has been extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and homoeopathic medicine. The fruit has been used as a traditional medicine for a household remedy against various human ailments. Traditionally T. chebula is used to cure chronic ulcer, gastritis, and stomach cancers.
Keywords: LDH; DNA;HPLC;PBMCs.
REFERENCES
1.Craigie D. Cases of disease and enlargement of the spleen in which death took place from the presence of purulent matter in the blood. Edinburgh Med. Surg. J. 1845, 64: 400-413.
2.Glei, M., Matuschek, M., Steiner, C., Bo¨hm, V., Persin, C., & Pool-Zobel, B. L.
Initial in vitro toxicity testing of functional foods rich in catechins and anthocyanins in human cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 2003. 17, 723–729.
3.Liu, R. H. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003;78, 517S–520S.
4.Robards, K., Prenzler, P. D., Tucker, G., Swatsitang, P., & Glover, W. Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits. Food Chemistry, 1999;66, 401–436.
5.Kalola J and Rajani M, Chromatographia, 2001;63: 475.
6.Fabry, W., Okemo, P.O., Ansorg, R. Antibacterial activity of East African medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology1998; 60:79-84.
7.Barthakur, N.N., Arnold, N.P. Nutritive value of the chebulinic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz.) and its potential as a food source. Food Chemistry 1991;40, 213-219.
8.Hartwell, J.L. Plants Used Against Cancer. Quarterman Publications, Incorporated, Lawrence, MA, USA. 1982.
9.Singh, C. 2a-hydroxymicromeric acid, a pentacyclic triterpene from Terminalia chebula . Phytochemistry.1990; 29:2348-2350.
10.Cheng H. Y., Lin T. C., Yu K. H., Yang C. M., Lin C. C., Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1331—1335 ;2003.
11.Ahn M. J.,Kim C. Y., Lee J. S., Kim T. G., Kim S. H., Lee C. K., Lee B. B., Shin C. G., Huh H., Kim J., Planta Med. 2002; 68, 457-459.
12.Saleem A., Husheem M., Harkonen P., Pihlaja K., Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and the phenolics of Terminalia chebula retz. Fruit Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2002; 81(3):327A/336.
13.Shin T. Y.,Jeong H. J., Kim D. K., Kim S. H., Lee J. K., Kim D. K., Chae B. S., Kim J. H., Kang H. W., Lee C. M., Lee K. C., Park S. T., Lee E. J., Lim J. P., Kim H. M., Lee Y. M., J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001;74:133-140.
14.Sabu M. C., Kuttan R., J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002;81: 155-160.
15.Alered and Cooke. The effect of cell damage on the density and steroidgenic capacity of rat testis leydig cells, using an NADH exclision for determination of viability. J Steroid Biochem. 1983; 18: 411.
16.Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Mitchell JB.Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):936-42.
17.Cooper and Geoffrey. Elements of Human Cancer. Jones and Barlett Publishers, Inc. 1992; p.22-26, 296-297;1992.
18.Roy AM, Baliga M, Elmets CA and Katiyar SK. Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis through p53,Bax,and capsase-3 pathways. Neoplasia.2005;7: 24–36.
19.Mitchell DB, Santone KS and Acosta D. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity in cultured cells by enzyme leakage. Journal of Tissue Culture Methods. 6, 1980;113-116.
20.Sorenson CM, Barry MA and Eastman A. Analysis of events associated with cell cycle at G2 phase and cell death induced by Cisplastin. Journal of National Cancer Institute. 1990; 82: 749-755.
21.Nicolletti I, Migliorati G, Pagliacci MC . A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods. 1991;139:271-9.
22.Anazetti MC, Melo PS, Duran N, Haun M . Comparative cytotoxicity dimethylamide-crotonin in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicology. 2003;188:261-274.
23.Liu CP, Tsai WJ, Lin YL, Liao JF, Chen CF, Kuo YC . The extracts from Nelumbo nucifera suppress cell cycle progression, cytokine genes expression, and cell proliferation in human peripheralblood mononuclear cells. Life Sci. ;2004;75:699-716.
24.Lee, S.H., Ryu, S.Y., Sang, U., Lee, C.O., No, Z.K., Kim, S.K., Ahn, J.W. Hydrolyzable tannins and related compound having cyotoxic activity from the fruits of Terminalia chebula . Archives of Pharmacological Research 1995;18:118-120.
25.Yukawa TA, Kurokawa M, Sato H, Yoshida Y, Kageyama S, Hasegawa T, Namba T, Imakita M, Hozumi T, Shiraki K. Prophylactic treatment of cytomegalovirus infection with traditional herbs. Antiviral. Res. 1996;32(2): 63-70.
26.Cai, Q., Rahn, R.O., Zhang, R. Dietary flavonoids, quercetin, luteolin and genistein, reduce oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and quench free radicals. Cancer Letters. 1997;119, 99-107.
27.Sergediene, E., Jo¨nsson, K., Szymusiak, H., Tyrskowska, B., Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Cenas, N. Pro-oxidant toxicity of polyphenolic antioxidants to HL-60 cells: description of quantitative structureactivity relationships. FEBS Letters 1999; 462: 392-396.
28.Inoue, M., Suzuki, Isuzugawa, K., Ogihara, Y., Inoue, M. Different generation of inhibitors against Gallic acid-induced apoptosis produces different sensitivity to Gallic acid. Biological and Pharmacological Bulletin. 1995; 24: 249-253.
29.Yoshioka, K., Kataoka, T., Hayashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Ishi, Y., Hibasami, H..Induction of apoptosis by Gallic acid in human stomach cancer KATO III and colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cell lines. Oncology Reports. 2000; 7:1221-1223.
30.Saleem, A., Ahotupa, M., Pihlaja, K. Total phenolics concentration and antioxidant potential of extracts of medicinal plants of Pakistan. Zeitschrift fu¨ r Naturforschung 2001;56c:973-978.
31.Chinery, R., Beauchamp, R.D., Shyr, Y., Kirkland, S.C., Coffery, R.J., Morrow, J.D. Antioxidants reduce cycloxygenase-2 expression, prostaglandin production, and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Research1998;58:2323-2327.
32.Okuda, T., Kimura, Y., Yoshida, T., Hatano, T., Okuda, H., Arclchi, S. Stuides on the activities of tannins and related compounds of medicinal plants and drugs. I. Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. Chemical and Pharmacological Bulletin. 1983; 31:1625-1631.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Article citation:
Gandhi M,Rajitha R,Padmini R. Cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of terminalia chebula fruit pulp on U937 cell line. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05):395-403.Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014. Gandhi M,Rajitha R,Padmini R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Original article
Ramji Khetri1,Dharmendra Dugar2,*,Sagar Khadanga2,Tim Houghton T3,Swarupjit Ghata3
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor,2Assistant professor,3P.G Student, Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical college and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical college and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Abstract
Background:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven beyond doubt to be the gold standard in the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The duration of convalescence after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy depends on several factors of which shoulder tip pain is most important. The aim of this study is to see whether Low pressure (10mmHg) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be considered as the standard technique for uncomplicated symptomatic gall stone disease.
Material & method: We conducted a prospective hospital based study of 50 patients who underwent elective surgery .Patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 25 patients (Group A) underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum (10mmHg) and another 25 patients (Group B) underwent the same surgery with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (14mmHg).
Result:In our study the frequency of shoulder tip pain was significantly lower in the group that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum compared to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum. Only 2 patients (8%) in Group A and 8 patients (32%) in Group B suffered shoulder tip pain which is statistically significant with P<0.05. The intensity of pain, total analgesic consumption and total gas consumption was also low in Group A.
Conclusion: Low pressure pneumoperitoneum results in significant reduction in both the intensity and frequency of post-operative shoulder tip pain, had shorter hospital stay, early recovery and hence better outcome. On the basis of these results, the widespread use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum can be used as a standard pressure for uncomplicated gall stone disease.
Keywords: Low Pressure Pneumoperitoneum [LP]; Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum [SP]; Visual Analogue Scale[VAS].
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. DHARMENDRA DUGAR.
Department of surgery, Assistant Professor, Hi Tech Medical College & hospital, Bhubaneswer, Odisha, India
Email id: dddugar@gmail.com
Contact no: - +91-9437091846+91-9437091846
REFERENCES
1.Tsimoyiannis EC, Glantzounis G, Lekkas ET, Siakas P, Jabarian M, Tzorou H. Intraperitoneal normal saline and bupivaccine infusion for reduction of post operative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SurgLaparoscEndosc 1998;8:416- 20.
2.Cunnife MG, McAnena OJ, Dar MA, FlynCJ. Prospective randomized trial of intraoperative bupivaccine irrigation for management of shoulder tip pain following laparoscopic. Am J Surg 1998; 176:258-61.
3.Wallace DH, Seepell MG, Baxter JN et al, Randomized trial of different insufflations pressure for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1997;84:455-8.
4.Sarli L, Sansebastiano CG et al. Prospective randomized trial of low pressure pneumoperitoneum for reduction of shoulder tip pain following laparoscopy. Br J Surg 2000;87: 1 161-5.
5.Barczynski M, Herman RM. A prospective randomized trial on comparison of low pressure and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2003 Apr;17(4):533-8.
6.Barczynski M, Herman RM. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum combined with intraperitoneal saline washout for reduction of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2004 Sep;18(9):1368-73.
7.Sandhu T, Yamada 5, Ariyakachon V at al. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum versus standard pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a prospective randomized clinical trial. SurgEndosc 2009;23:044-7.
8.Kandil TS.Shoulder pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Factors affecting incidence and severity. J. Laparo- EndoscAdvSurg Tech. 2010; A20:667-682.
9.Vismit Pradyumna Joshipura; Sanjiv P Haribhakti; Nitin R Patel; Rahul P Naik; Harshad N Soni; Bhavin Patel et al. Low pressure versus high pressure pneumoperioteum during Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques. 2009; 19(3):234-40.
Article citation:
Khetri R, Dugar D, Khadanga S,Tim H T,Ghata S. Comparative study of Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05): 463-466. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest /Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Khetri R, Dugar D, Khadanga S,Tim H T,Ghata S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Kashyap Shah1,*,Prasanna Ku. Pradhan2,Shreya R Shah2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Quality Assurance, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Bakrol, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
2H.O.D, Department of Quality Assurance, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Bakrol, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
3Department of Quality Assurance, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Bakrol, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Quality Assurance, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Bakrol, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ondansetron (ONDA) and dexamethasone (DEXA) in UV and HPLC. Method was performed using an Enable C18 G column. (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm: Spinco Biotech Pvt Ltd) and Enable C18 Luna (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of Methanol, acetonitrile and water in ratio 60:10:30 V/V (pH 5.5 with 10% ortho phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The method was validated under the range from 50-8000ng/ml for both ONDA and DEXA. The absolute recovery of ONDA ranged from 98.0 to 105.28% while DEXA recoveries ranged from 99.0 to 102.63%.
Keywords: Ondansetron; Dexamethasone; Validation; UV; HPLC
*To whom it corresponds:-
Kashyap Kiritbhai Shah,
Department of Quality Assurance, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Bakrol, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Mo No: 9998978515
9016206961
REFERENCES
1.http://www.clinicaltrial.gov.in/phase-3Trials/Ondansetrone&Dexamethasone,date accessed on 23-06-2013.
2.http://www.clinicalresearch.gov.in/external/socrel/content/hplc.html,date accessed on 05-07-2013.
3.http://www.chemistry.adelaide.edu.au/external/socrel/content/hplc.html,date accessed on 23-06-2013.
4.Drug bank, Drug profile, Ondansetrone ,2013.
5.http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06203, date accessed on 25-06-2013.
6.Drug bank, Drug profile, Dexamethasone, 2013.
7.http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06165, 2012.
8.Shethi PD, HPLC-Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulations, 1st edition, CBS publishers & distributors, 2001, 141.
9.ICH, Guidance for Industry, Q1A Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products. ICH-Q1A, 2001(August).
10.International Conference on Harmonisation, Guidance for Industry In;
11.Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures, Methodology, Switzerland, IFPMA, 1996, 1-8.
12.Skoog DA, Holler FJ, Nieman TA, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Harcourt Asia Pvt Ltd & Harcourt Collage Publishers, 5th edition, 1998, 728-744.
13.Beckett AH, Stenlake JB, UV-visible Spectrophotometry, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4th ed, Part-II, C.B.S. Publishers, Delhi, 2001,285-97.
14.Sharma YR, Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy in Elementary Organic Spectroscopy, 1sted, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2004, 9-60.
15.Meyer VR, Practical High Performance Liquid Chromatography, 2nded, John wiley and sons, London, 1993, 26 - 258.
16.Kazakevich Y, Lobrutto R, HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 1sted.John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken New jersey, 2007.
17.Snyder LR., Kirkland JL, Glajch JL, Practical HPLC Method Development, New York, Wiley, 1997
18.The United States Pharmacopoeia 30 NF 25, The US Pharmacopoeial Convention, 2009, 2001.
19.The British Pharmacopoeia, The Stationary office on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, 2011, 2, 2146.
20.The United States Pharmacopoeia 30 NF 25, The US Pharmacopoeial Convention. 2009,3082.
21.The British Pharmacopoeia, The Stationary office on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, 2011,2,5107.
22.Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, The Indian pharmacopoeia, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad,2010:287.
23.Mushabbarbasha MD, and Srinidhi M, Devlopment and Validation Of Ondansetrone In Bulk and Dosage Form. International Journal of Tech Research,2013, 5(1), 86-98.
24.Singh Pradeep Kumar and Dinda S, Devlopment and Validation OfOndansetrone in Films” International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science, 2013;3(1):57-66.
25.Kalaichelvi R, and MADHAVA RAO M, “Spectrophotometric Method of Ondansetrone Hydrochloride Formulation”, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2012;4(1):1491.
26.Dedania Z, Dedania R and Baldania M, Simultaneous Estimation of omeprazole & ondansetrone, Asian Journal of Research Chemistry, 2009;2(2):108-111.
27.Renuka GN and Rahaman H, Sepectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Indo Americal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013; 3:7103-7113.
28.PravinKumar P and Murlikrisna M, Derivative Spectrometric Estimation of Ondansetrone and Paracetamol.2006;3(3):134-136.
29.Smita M and Priya P, “Simultaneous Estimation of Ondansetrone and Pantoprazole. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 2012;4(3):05-08.
30.Raval PB, Puranik M and Wadher SJ, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2013:133-143.
31.Singh Pradeep Kumar, and Dinda S, Development and Validation Of Ondansetrone in Films. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science, 2013; 3(1):57-66.
32.Imran A, Jat RK and Varnika S, Development & validation of RP-Hplc Method of ondansetrone hydrochloride & it`s Bulk Drug, IRJP,2012;3(2):111-113.
33.Menyananthan YN, Krisnanveni N, Babu B, and Suresh B, Simultaneous estimation of ondansetrone and ranitidine in pharmaceutical formulation,Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2012; 1(2):129-132.
34.ViswewaraRao K, Padmaja Reddy K and Kalyan K, simultaneos trace level quantification of Glyoxol in ondansetrone Hydrochloride, journal of pharmaceutical science, 2012;5(12):5449-5452.
35.Garcia CV, Breier AR, Steppe M and Oppe TP, J. Pharma Biomed Anal, 2013; 31(3):597-600.
36.Prakash K, Katakam S and Kumari R, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2012; 4: 505.
37.Gracia CV, Breier AR, Steppe M and Oppe TP, “Determination of dexamethasone acetate in cream by Hplc” journal of Pharma Biomed Anal, 2003; 31(3): 597-600.
38.Katakam P and Sireesha K, Simultaneous Determination of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphaate and Chloramphenicol In Bulk and Formulation. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 4, Suppl 4, 505-510.
39.Chen Q, Zielinski D, Chen J, Koski A and Nowak S, US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health, 2008;48(3):792.
40.Heda A, Kathiriya M and Puranik P, Simultaneous Determination of Granisetrone and Dexamethasone, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2011: 73(6); 696-699.
41.Melojevic Z, Agbaba D, and Ristic P, High Performance Chromatography of Dexamethasone and Xylometazoline in Nasal Drops, Journal of Pharma Biomed Anal, 2002; 949(1-2):79-82.
42.Dabhi MJ, Patwari AH, Desai AH and Doshi DB, Simultaneous Determination of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Dexamethasone Hydrochloride in Eye Drops, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012;4(10): 4462-4467.
43.Maria Cristina Urban, Rubjana Mainardes and Maria Gramio, Devlopment and Validation of Dexamethasone Acetate in Microemulsion. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.2009; 45(1):87-92.
44.Kang Ping Xiao, Yuan Xiao and Rustam Abu M, Trace Betamethasone or Dexamethasone in Betamethasone or Dexamethasone by Reversed Phase Hplc. journal of chromatographic science, 2008, 46.
45.Desai Urvish H, PtwariArpit H, and Bhanubhai N, “Simultaneous Estimation of Ciprofloxacin & Dexamethasone, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, 2013;5(2):62-66.
46.Syed Naeem R, Marima I and Ullah Khan I, Determination of Sparfloxacin & Dexamethasone in Formulation, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, 2313;49(2).
47.http//Drugs@FDA, date accessed on 06-07-2013.
48.http//www.drugsupdate.com/generic/view/516, date accessed on 14-07-2013.
49.http//www.medilexicon.com/drugs/xenazine.php, date accessed on 18-07-2013.
50.http//www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/drugs/tetrabenazine/3135, date accessed on 23-07-2013
51.http//www.drugbank.com/DB04844, date accessed on 12-08-2013.
52.http//www.sigma-aldrich.com, date accessed on 12-08-2013.
53.http//www.wikipedia.org, date accessed on 12-08-2013.
54.http//www.standardbase.com,accessed on 15-08-2013.
Abbreviation:- ODA: Ondansetron , DEXA; Dexamethasone, UV:Ultra violet,Abs:Absorption, (HPLC):High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Conc: Concentration.
Article citation:
SHAH KK, Pradhan PK,Shah SR., Analytical Method Development and validation for simultaneous estimation of ondansetron and dexamethasone in synthetic mixture. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):448-458. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Shah KK., Pradhan PK, Shah SR., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Research article
Rugmini Kamalammal1,*, P.J.Parameaswari2,Afeed Ibrahim3,Soorya Rao R4.
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor,Department of pediatrics,Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital,Bharath University,Chrompet, Chennai,India
2Assistant Professor,Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital,Bharath University,Chrompet,Chennai,India
3Fellow in neonatology,Craft Hospital and Research Center, Kodungalur, Kerala, India
4D-97, Sunnyvale Apartments, 351,Konnur High road, Ayanavaram , Chennai,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of pediatrics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai, India
Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai, India
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Rugmini Kamalammal DNB (Pediatrics)
D-97, Sunnyvale Apartments, 351, Konnur High road, Ayanavaram , Chennai -23,India
Abstract
It is found that various anthropometric surrogates of birth weight in newborn can be used in the community and they correlate each other positively. The aim of this study was to find out the most effective anthropometric parameter in the newborn to assess birth weight. A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Moderate Positive correlation was observed between birth weight & Mid Arm Circumference(r=+0.56(P=0.000)) & next with Length(r=+0.558(P=0.000)). There was a statistically significant association between chest circumference and Birth weight with an odds ratio of 10.9 (5.29 to 22.7) in identifying the LBW babies. Cut-off values of the aforesaid measurements had good sensitivity and specificity for identifying LBW babies.
Conclusion: Length and Mid Arm Circumference are the best surrogates to predict birth weight.
Keywords: Anthropometric surrogates; birth weight.
REFERENCES
1.Save the children federation. World Health Organization. 2001 estimates saving newborn lives, state of the world children Washington DC 2001:1-49.
2.International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007.National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06,India:Key Findings. Mumbai: IIPS.
3.Blanc AK, Wardlow T, monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an update estimation procedure – bull world heal organization 2005;83:178-85.
4.Use of a Simple Anthropometric Measurement to Predict Birth Weight. Academic journal article. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1993;71 (2):157–163.
5.Kaur H and Bansal R .Anthropometric determinants of low birth weight in newborns of Hoshiarpur district (Punjab) - A hospital based study. Human Biology Review. 2012;1(4):376-386.
6.Kadam Y R, Somaiya P, Kakade S V. A Study of Surrogate Parameters of Birth Weight. Indian J Community Med 2005;30:89-91.
7.Sreeramareddy CT, Chuni N, Patil R, Singh D, Shakya B: . Anthropometric surrogates to identify low birth weight Nepalese newborns: a hospital-based study. BMC Pediatrics. 2008;8(16):1471-2431-8-16.
8.Das JC, Afroze A, Khanam ST, Paul N. Mid-arm circumference: an alternative measure for screening low birth weight babies. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2005;31:1-6.
9.Nair, R. Bindu, Elizabeth, K. E., Geetha, S., Varghese, Sarath.Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) and Body Mass Index (BMI)–The Two Important Auxologic Parameters in Neonates. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2006; 52(5):341-345.
10.World Health Organization: Multi-centre study on low birth weight and infant mortality in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. New Delhi: Southeast Asia Regional Office, World Health Organization; 1994:78. (SEARO regional health paper no. 25)
11.Rustagi N, Prasuna JG, Taneja DK. Anthropometric surrogates for screening of low birth weight newborns: a community-based study. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2012 Mar;24(2):343-51.
12.S K Kapoor, G Kumar, and K Anand. Use of mid-arm and chest circumferences to predict birth weight in rural north India. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996 December; 50(6): 683–686.
13.Zakir Hussain, F Huque. Detection of low birth-weight new born babies by anthropometric measurements in Bangladesh.The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 1991;58(2):223-231.
14.Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de Bernis L, Neonatal Survival Steering Team: Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 2005; 365:977-988.
15.Mullany LC, Darmstadt GL, Caffey P, Waley SK, Leclarq SC, Tielsch JM, A Low Cost, Colour Coded, hand held spring scale accurately categorizes Birth Weight in low resource settings, Arch Dis Child 2006; 91:410-13.
Article citation:
Kamalammal R,Parameaswari PJ,Ibrahim A,R Soorya Rao. A Study on anthropometric surrogates to predict low birth weight babies. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):443-447.Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Kamalammal R,Parameaswar PJ,Ibrahim A,R Soorya Rao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.