DocumentsDate added
Original article:
Archith Boloor MD1, Amina Asfiya M Iqbal2, Jagadish Rao Padubidri MD, DNB3,*
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
[Affiliated to Manipal University].
2Under-Graduate Trainee, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
[Affiliated to Manipal University].
3Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
[Affiliated to Manipal University].
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India [Affiliated to Manipal University].
Abstract
In underdeveloped nations it is a known fact that may subjects have been most prone to the considerable and often destructible presence of malnutrition and tuberculosis. The nutritional status of patients suffering from tuberculosis assumes significant importance both in its prevention and progress. The present preliminary study was carried out to in the city of Mangalore and Moodshedde, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India to unexplore the relationship between tuberculosis and malnutrition. We included 100 subjects suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis out of which 80 were males and 20 females with an average age of 42.3 years. The objective of our study was to analyze the coexistence of malnutrition and pulmonary tuberculosis. This investigation targeted at exploring the role of malnutrition as a critical predisposing factor in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis and also its consequences. The data collected included Body Mass Index (BMI), weight, height, mid upper arm circumference, haemoglobin and albumin levels. The dietary habits, including tobacco intake and alcohol consumption were enquired about with the help of recall method. Detailed physical examination was carried out to determine protein energy malnutrition and any deficiency of vitamins and/or minerals. We found that majority of the subjects (79%) were underweight having a BMI< 18 kg/m2, The subjects were not consuming enough calories in their diet and had daily intake of calories less than 1800 C. The vitamins and minerals that the subjects were lacking mainly included vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B- complex and folic acid.
Hence in our preliminary study we established a significant association between malnutrition and pulmonary tuberculosis. However the study needs to be carried out with more number of patients in order to obtain conclusive evidence.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Tuberculosis, BMI, protein malnutrition, Vitamin deficiency..
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Jagadish Rao Padubidri,
Associate Professor, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Light House Hill Road, Mangalore-1, Karnataka, India.[ Affiliated to Manipal University]
Email: ppjrao@gmail.com. Contact No: +91-9900405085.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge the timely support of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in conduction of this study under STS-ICMR Project 2009.
REFERENCES
1.Park, K. Preventive and Social Medicine, Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot, 2007.
2.Sharma SH, Introduction.SK Sharma, Mohan eds. In Textbook of Tuberculosis, Jaypee brothers, New Delhi, 2001: 1-4.
3.Ghai,O.P, Piyush Gupta, V.K. Paul. Essential Pediatrics, New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2006.
4.Gopalan,C, Importance of Nutritional Factors in Tuberculosis, Ind. J. Tub.,4(3):105-112.
5.Aarti K, Anjali R, Social Status Makes a Difference: Tuberculosis Scenario During National Family Health Survey-2, Indian J Tuberculosis 2007;54:17-23.
6.Borgdoff MW, Nafelkerke NJD, Dye C, Num. Gender and tuberculosis: A Comparison of Prevalence survey with notification data to explore sex difference in case detection: Int. J.Tuberc.Lung Dis 2000;4:123 -132.
7.Allan WGH, Gerlung DG, Frazer PM, Symptomatology of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and patients attitude to the disease:Tuberculosis, 1979;60:211-223.
8.Taneja DP. Observations on serum zinc in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Indian Med Assoc 1990;88:280-1.
9.Kennedy N, Ramsay A, Uiso L, Gutmann J, Ngowi FI, Gillespie SH. Nutritional status and weight gain in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:162-6.
10.Handa M.A Nutritional and Immunological Investigation of patients with Tuberculosis. Kekkaku 1994;69:463-9.
11.Yoneda T. Nutritional status and support in chronic intractable pulmonary tuberculosis. Kekkaku 1996;71:57-63.
12.Srikantia SG, Bhaskaran C.Nutrition and tuberculosis.In: Rao KN, editor. Textbook of tuberculosis. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House:1981.p.80-5.
13.Chan J,Tian Y,TanakaKE,Tsang MS, Yu K, Salgame P, et al. Effects of protein energy malnutrition on tuberculosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA. 10; 93:14857-61.
14.Strachan DP, Powell KJ,Thaker A, Millard FG, Maxwell JD. Vegetarian diet as a risk factor for tuberculosis in immigrant south London Asians.Thorax.1995;50:175-80.
15.Sinha RK, Khan AFA, Singh BP. Importance of serum zinc and copper in pulmonary tuberculosis in children. J Indian Med Assoc. 1985; 85:342-4.
16.Pande JN, Singh SPN, Khilnani GC, Khilnani S, TandonRK. Risk factors for hepatotoxicity from antituberculosis drugs: a case-control study. Thorax 1996:51:132-6.
17.Chanarin T,Stephenson E.Vegetarian diet and cobalamin deficiency:their association with tuberculosis. J Cli Pathol 1988; 41:759-62.
Article citation:
Boloor A., Amina A. M.I., Padubidri JR. Malnutrition: the underestimated link in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis- A preliminary study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):473-481. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Competing interest /Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Boloor A., Amina A. M.I., Padubidri JR. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Pushpa Thakur1,* & M.S.Thakur2
Affiliation:-
1Research Officer, IIHS, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-171005, India
2Scientist, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-171005, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-171005, India
Author’s contribution: Both the author contributed equally to this paper.
*To whom it corresponds:-
M. S. Thakur,
Scientist, Department of Biosciences,
Himachal Pradesh University Shimla- 171005, India.
Phone: +91 177 2830946(O), 2812514®.
Email: mahender74@yahoo.co.in
Abstract:
In the current investigation the impact of vitamin-E treatment in the liver of white leghorn Chick subjected to 5.6 Gy whole body gamma radiations were studied. The study was conducted on 7 days old male chick for a maximum period of 35 days. Changes in mortality rate, body weight and liver weight along with radiation induced changes in histological profile of the chick liver, have been considered for the study. Vitamin–E treatment has been reported to be beneficial in amelioration of radiation induced changes in body weight, liver weight and hepatic architecture. Survival was significantly increased in chicks given vitamin–E treatment as compared to chicks given radiation alone (without vitamin–E Treatment).
Keywords: Vitamin–E; gamma radiation; chick; liver.
REFERENCES
1.Cadenas, S. Cadenas, A. M. Fighting the strenger-antioxidant protection against endotoxin toxicity, Toxicol, 2002;180: 45 -63.
2.Deshmukh, D. and Suryawanshi, S. A. Effect of gamma irradiation on total body weight, food intakes and mortality in Birds, Coturnix coromondelica pava. Indian J.Orinthol, 1986;24:78-88.
3.Goodhead, DT.. Spatial and temporal distribution of energy. Health Physics, 1988;55: 231-240.
4.Kater, M., Coskun, O. and Kizilay, G. Protective effects of vitamin C alone or in combination with vitamin A on endotoxin –induced oxidative renal tissue damage in rats, Tohoku J. Exp Med. 2005; 155-156.
5.Malhotra, N., Rana, K. and Rani, N. Role of vitamin-E in repair of irradiation–induced damage in spleen injury in mice. National Academy Science Letters. 1990; 13(5):183-185.
6.Schested, K. 1970. The Fricke dosimeter. In Manaualon Dosimetery. Marcel Dekkar, New York
7.Stearner, S.P. and Christion, E. J. B. Late effects of ionizing radiation in the chicken: Survival, Body weight and Pathology. Red. Res. 1972; 52:179-196.
8.Sushma, B, Kanwaljit, C. and Praveen, R. Vitamin-E supplementation modulaes endotoxin induced Liver damage in a rat modle. Am.J. Biomed.Sci;2(1): 51-62.
Article citation:
Thakur P, Thakur MS. Impact of vitamin-E treatment in radiation (Y-irradiation) induced changes in chick liver. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):467-472.Available at www.jpbms.info.
Original article
Ramji Khetri1,Dharmendra Dugar2,*,Sagar Khadanga2,Tim Houghton T3,Swarupjit Ghata3
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor,2Assistant professor,3P.G Student, Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical college and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical college and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Abstract
Background:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven beyond doubt to be the gold standard in the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The duration of convalescence after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy depends on several factors of which shoulder tip pain is most important. The aim of this study is to see whether Low pressure (10mmHg) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be considered as the standard technique for uncomplicated symptomatic gall stone disease.
Material & method: We conducted a prospective hospital based study of 50 patients who underwent elective surgery .Patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 25 patients (Group A) underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum (10mmHg) and another 25 patients (Group B) underwent the same surgery with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (14mmHg).
Result:In our study the frequency of shoulder tip pain was significantly lower in the group that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum compared to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum. Only 2 patients (8%) in Group A and 8 patients (32%) in Group B suffered shoulder tip pain which is statistically significant with P<0.05. The intensity of pain, total analgesic consumption and total gas consumption was also low in Group A.
Conclusion: Low pressure pneumoperitoneum results in significant reduction in both the intensity and frequency of post-operative shoulder tip pain, had shorter hospital stay, early recovery and hence better outcome. On the basis of these results, the widespread use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum can be used as a standard pressure for uncomplicated gall stone disease.
Keywords: Low Pressure Pneumoperitoneum [LP]; Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum [SP]; Visual Analogue Scale[VAS].
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. DHARMENDRA DUGAR.
Department of surgery, Assistant Professor, Hi Tech Medical College & hospital, Bhubaneswer, Odisha, India
Email id: dddugar@gmail.com
Contact no: - +91-9437091846+91-9437091846
REFERENCES
1.Tsimoyiannis EC, Glantzounis G, Lekkas ET, Siakas P, Jabarian M, Tzorou H. Intraperitoneal normal saline and bupivaccine infusion for reduction of post operative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SurgLaparoscEndosc 1998;8:416- 20.
2.Cunnife MG, McAnena OJ, Dar MA, FlynCJ. Prospective randomized trial of intraoperative bupivaccine irrigation for management of shoulder tip pain following laparoscopic. Am J Surg 1998; 176:258-61.
3.Wallace DH, Seepell MG, Baxter JN et al, Randomized trial of different insufflations pressure for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1997;84:455-8.
4.Sarli L, Sansebastiano CG et al. Prospective randomized trial of low pressure pneumoperitoneum for reduction of shoulder tip pain following laparoscopy. Br J Surg 2000;87: 1 161-5.
5.Barczynski M, Herman RM. A prospective randomized trial on comparison of low pressure and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2003 Apr;17(4):533-8.
6.Barczynski M, Herman RM. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum combined with intraperitoneal saline washout for reduction of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2004 Sep;18(9):1368-73.
7.Sandhu T, Yamada 5, Ariyakachon V at al. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum versus standard pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a prospective randomized clinical trial. SurgEndosc 2009;23:044-7.
8.Kandil TS.Shoulder pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Factors affecting incidence and severity. J. Laparo- EndoscAdvSurg Tech. 2010; A20:667-682.
9.Vismit Pradyumna Joshipura; Sanjiv P Haribhakti; Nitin R Patel; Rahul P Naik; Harshad N Soni; Bhavin Patel et al. Low pressure versus high pressure pneumoperioteum during Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques. 2009; 19(3):234-40.
Article citation:
Khetri R, Dugar D, Khadanga S,Tim H T,Ghata S. Comparative study of Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05): 463-466. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest /Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Khetri R, Dugar D, Khadanga S,Tim H T,Ghata S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Jasheena Singh1,Shruti Gupta2,*,Tejveer Singh3, Nidhi Mathur4,Priya Gupta2
Affiliation:-
1Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & Research Centre, Gwalior, India
2Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patiala, India
3Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Surgery, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patiala, India
4Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patiala, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pedodontics, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & Research Centre, Gwalior, India
Department of Oral Pathology, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patiala, India
Abstract
Lesions on tongue include a diverse group of developmental, reactive, neoplastic lesions and various systemic pathologies with oral manifestations. They often present diagnostic challenges because they mimic various groups of pathologic processes and thus necessitating the correlation of clinical and histopathological findings for accurate diagnosis. Thus, here we present a case of 14 year old male with growth on tongue along with emphasis on the differential diagnosis of tongue lesions.
Keywords: Fibroepithelial hyperplasia, Irritational fibroma, reactive.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Shruti Gupta.
H.No. 166, Old P.L.A Sector, Hisar, Haryana-125001,India
Contact no:+91-9465288400
Article citation:
Singh J, Gupta S, Singh T, Mathur N, Gupta P. Tongue Lesions: A Diagnostic Challenge. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):459-462. Available at www.jpbms.info.
REFERENCES
1.Reamy BV, Derby R, Bunt CW. Common tongue conditions in primary care. Am Fam Physician 2010;81:627-34.
2.Laskin DM, Giglio JA, Rippert ET. Differential diagnosis of tongue lesion. Quintessence Int 2003;34:331-42.
3.Prasanna JS, Sehrawat S. Fibroepithelial hyperplasia: rare, selflimiting condition- two case reports. J Adv Oral Research 2011;2:63-70.
4.Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations.6th ed. St. Louis, Missouri, Saunders;2012.
5.Shafer, Hine, Levy. Shafer’s textbook of oral pathology. 6th ed. India: Elsevier;2009.
6.Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. Missouri: Saunders; 2009.
7.Tyldesley WR. Inflammatory overgrowths and neoplasms. Br Dent J 1974;136:111-6.
8.McNally MA, Langlais RP. Conditions peculiar to the tongue. Dermatol Clin 1996; 14:257-72.
9.Pedron GI, Ramalho KM, Moreira LA, de Freitas PM. Association of two lasers in the treatment of traumatic fibroma: excision with Nd: YAP laser and photobiomodulation using InGaAIP: a case report. J Oral Laser Applications 2009;9:49-53.
Copyright © 2014 Singh J, Gupta S, Singh T, Mathur N, Gupta P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest /Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Review article
Nagi Idris1,*,Faraj E Homry Mohamed2,Manzoor A Thokar3
Affiliation:-
1 Faculty of Pharmacy,Omer Al Mukhtar University, Albeda, Libya
2 Faculty of Medicine Omar Al Mukhtar University, Albeida, Libya
3Professor & Head Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Omer Al Mukhtar University, Albeda, Libya
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Omer Al Mukhtar University, Albeda, Libya
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr Manzoor A Thokar.
Professor & Head Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Omer Al Mukhtar University, Albeda, Libya
Contact number:+218 944828775
Abstract:
Our main antibiotic weaponry such as 3rdgeneration cephalosporin’s (ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefperazone, cefotaxime to name a few) and carbapenams (imipenum, merpenam,doripenam etc) are at a stage of extinction due to the onslaught of Esbl(Extended spectram β lactamase & Mbl (metallo ß lactamase) enzyme inactivation’s by way of hydrolysing their beta-lactam ring &resistance originally remaining confined to few germs started disseminating to others irrespective of gram positive, gram negative, cocci or bacilli nature and unfortunately resistance was extended to other antibiotic classes also.
Outbreak producing pathogens such as MRSA, E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and VRE, are already causing global havoc with their resistance venom. There is every danger that VISA/GISA (Vancomycin & Glycopeptide intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus) may be a full-fledged future VRS (vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) entity.
Scientific innovations get modified from time to time & so get interpretations. What is logic today may not be applicable tomorrow. We have to change as per the changing times & keep abreast with latest developments & incorporate need based surveillance and research tools like Esbl & Mbl technologies in our systems otherwise wrongs would continue to happen
Global proliferation of antibiotic resistance to microbes is attributed to injudicious use of antibiotics at global, national & local levels. Antibiotic usage has to be rationalized for choice, dose & duration in prophylactic, empirical & therapeutic treatment modalities & antibiotic policies need to be formulated on evidence based medicine.
Keywords: Mbl; Esbl; 3rd G cephalosporine; Carbapenam.
REFERENCES
1.Pier GB, Ramphal R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious disease 6th edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2005.p 2587-2608. Elsevier, Philadelphia.
2.Govan JR. Pseudomonas, Sternotrophomonas, Burkholderia. In: Colle JG, Fraser AG, Marnion BP, Simmons A, editors. Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology 14th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 1996.p. 413-424.
3.Wiblin RT. Nosocomial Pneumonia. In Wenzel RP, editor. Prevention and control of nosocomial infections 3rd ed. Williams and Wilkins; 1997.p. 807-19.
4.Pollack M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious disease 4th edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995.p.1980-2003.
5.Kluytmans J. Surgical infections including burns. In: Wenzel R.P., editor. Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections (3rd ed.) Williams and Wilkins; Pennsylvania: 1997. pp. 841–65.
6.Fergie JE, Shema SJ, Lott L, Crawford R, Patrick CC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in immunocompromised children: analysis of factors associated with a poor outcome. Clin Infect Dis.1994;18:390-4.
7.Bergen GA, Shelhamer JH. Pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. New approaches to an old problem. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1996 Jun; 10:297-326.
8.Latham R and Shaftner W. Hospital epidemiology. In: Encylopedia of Microbiology Vol 2 Chief ed. Lederberg 471 Acad Press London 1992.p 471.
9.Szabó D, Szentandrássy J, Juhász Z, Katona K, Nagy K, Rókusz L.Imported PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PER-1 producing Acinetobacter baumanii and VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Hungary. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2008 May 30;7:12. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-7-12.
10.Forbes BA, Sham DF, Weissfeld AS, editors. In Bailey and Scott Diagnostic Microbiology.12th edition Mosby 2007; p. 172-186.
11.Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis 11 JS. ESBLs: Epidemiology, detection and treatment. Pharmacotherapy. 2001; 21(8):920-928.
12.Varaiya A, Kulkarni M, Bhalekar P, Dogra J. Incidence of metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetes and cancer patients.Indian J Patho Microbiol.2008Apr-Jun;51(2):200-3.
13.Nordmann P, Poirel L. Emerging carbapenemases in gram negative aerobes. Clin Microbiol Infect.2002 Jun;8(6):321-331.
14.Walsh TR, Toleman MA, Poirel L, Nordman P. Metallo ß–lactamase: the quiet before storm?Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:306-25.
15.Hemlatha V, Sekar U, Kamat V. Detection of metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients. Indian J Med Microbiol.2005 Aug;122:148-152.
16.Franklin C, Liolios L, Peleg AY.Phenotypic detection of carbapenem-susceptible metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in the clinical laboratory.J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3139-44.
17.Mendiratta DK, Deotale V, Narang P.Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital from a rural area.Indian J Med Res. 2005 May;121(5):701-3.
18.Andrade SS, Picao RC, Campana EH, Nicoletti AG, Pignatari ACC, Gales AC. Influence of disk preparation on detection of metallo-ß-lactamase producing isolates isolates by combined disc assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jun;45(6):2058-60. Epub 2007 Apr 4.
19.Pitout J, Gregson DB, Poirel L, MC Clure JA, Le P, Church DL. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamases in a large centralized laboratory. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jul;43(7):3129-35.
20.Yan JJ, Wu JJ, Tsai SH, Chaung CL. Comparison of double disk, combined-diskand E-test methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in gram negative bacilli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 May;49(1):5-11.
21.Pitout JD, Chow BL, Gregson DB, Laupland KB, El Sayed S, Chruch DL. Molecular epidemiology of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Calgary Health Region: emergence of VIM-2-producing isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Feb;45(2):294-8. Epub 2006 Nov 22.
22.Marra AR, Pereira CA, AC, Menezes LC, Cal RG, de Souza JM, Edmond MB, Faro C, Wey SB.Blood stream infections with metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiology, microbiology, and clinical outcomes.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan;50(1):388-90.
23.Tripathi KD, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Antimicrobial Drugs: General Consideration, Jaypee brother’s Medical publishers (P) Ltd: New Delhi,2003;5th edition: 627-640.
24.Madoff LC, Kasper DL. Introduction to Infectious diseases: Host-Parasite interactions. In Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Lango DL,Jameson JL,editors.Priniciples of internal Medicine.15th edition.MC Graw Hill 2001;763-67.
25.Medeiros AA. Evolution and dissemination of β–lactamases accelerated by generations of β–lactam antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24 suppl 1:519-45.
26.Bush K. New beta-lactamases in Gram negative bacteria; diversity and impact on selection of antimicrobial therapy. Clinical Infect Dis 2001;32:1085-9.
27.Bush K, Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jun;39(6):1211-33.
28.Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended spectrum ß–lactamases: A clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18: 657-86.
29.Lee K, Lim YS, Yong D, Yum JH, Chong Y.Evaluation of the Hodge test and the imipenem-EDTA double-disk synergy test for differentiating metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Oct;41(10):4623-9.
30.Jacoby GA, Munoz-Price LS.The new beta-lactamases.N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):380-91.
31.Lee, K., J. B. Lim, J. H. Yum, D. Yong, Y. Chong, J. M. Kim, and D. M. Livermore. 2002. blaVIM-2 cassette-containing novel integrons in metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida isolates disseminated in a Korean hospital. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:1053-1058.
32.Watanabe M, Iyobe S, Inoue M and Mitsuhashi S. Transferable imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1991;35:147-151.
33.Osano E, Arakawa Y, Wacharotayankun R, Ohta M, Horri T, Ito H, Yooshimura Fand Kato N. Molecular characterization of an enterobacterial metallo-beta-lactamase found in a clinical isolate of Serratia masrcescens that shows imipenem resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1994;38:71-78.
34.Laurelli L, Riccio ML, Mazzariol, Cornaglia G, Amicosante G, Fontana R and Rossolini GM. Cloning and characterization of blaVIM, a new integron-borne metallo-ß-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43:1584-90.
35.Tsakris A, Pournaras S, Neil W, Marie-France J, Babini GS, John D, David ML. Outbreak of infections caused by P. aeruginosa producing VIM-1 cabbapenemase in Greece. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:1290-92.
36.Castanheira, Toleman MA, Jones RN, Schmidt FJ, Walsh TR. Molecular characterization of a ß-lactamase gene blaGIM-1, encoding a new subclass of metallo-ß-lactamase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.2004;48:4654-4661.
37.Navaneeth BV, Sridaran D, Sahay D, Belwadi MR. A preliminary study on metallo beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients. Indian J Med Res 2000;116:264-7.
38.Migliavacca R, Docquier JD, Mognaioli C, Amicosante G, Daturi R, Lee K, Maria R, Pagani L. Simple microdilution test for detecting metallo-beta-lactamase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Clin.Microbiol.2002;40:4388-90.
39.Walsh TR, Bolmstrom A, Qwarnstrom A, Gales A. Evaluation of a new E-test for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in routine clinical testing. J Clin. Microbiol. 2002; 40: 2755-2759.
40.Hirakata Y, Izumikwa K, Matsuda J, Nakano M, Mine M et al. Clinical and bacteriological characteristics of IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37:26-32.
41.Gladstone P, Rajendran P, Brahmadathan KN. Incidence of carbapenem resistant non fermenting gram negative bacilli from patients with respiratory infections in intensive care units. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2005;23:189-191.
42.Jesudason MV, Kandathil AJ, Balaji V. Comparison of two methods to detect carbapenemase and metallo-ß-lactamase production in clinical isolates. Indian J Med Res. 2005; 121: 780
43.Chacko B, Varaiya A, Dedhia B. Imipenem resistant metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26:398-41.
44.Behera B, Mathur P, Das A, Kapil A, Sharma V. An evaluation of four different phenotypic techniques for detection of metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26: 233-37.
45.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006. M2-A9. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard, 9th ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
46.Lee K, Lim YS, Yong D, Yum JH, Chong Y. Evaluation of the Hodge test and the imipenem-EDTA double-disk synergy test for differentiating metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Oct;41(10):4623-9.
47.Karthikeyan K Kumarasamy, Mark A Toleman, Timothy R Walsh, Jay Bagaria, Fafh ana Butt, Ravikumar Balakrishnan et al. Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10: 597–602.
48.Allaaeddin El Salabi, Mark A. Toleman,Janis Weeks,Thomas Bruderer,Reno Frei,Timothy R. WalshFirst Report of the Metallo-β-lactamase SPM-1, in Europe. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Jan 2010; 54(1):582.
49.Fahd Manzoor, Thokar Manzoor Ahmed,Shamweel Ahmed.Extended spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing community acquired Escherichia coli isolates & their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Kashmir. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical Sciences (JPBMS).2012;15(01)1.Available online at www.jpbms.info.
50.Peer Maroof Ahmad, Manzoor A. Thokar,Bashir A.Fomda, Kaiser A. Extended spectrum-β-Lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumonia at a tertiary care setup in Kashmir, India: Comparative phenotypic detection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Reviews in Infection. 2010;1(2):124-130.
51.Ahmed K, Thokar M.A, Toboli A.S, Fomda B.A, Bashir, G, Maroof P. Extended spectrum -Beta-lactamase mediated resistance in Escherichia coli in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir,India.African Journal of Microbiology Research.2010;4(24):2720-2728.
52.Bashir Deeba, Thokar MA, Fomda BA, et al. Detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2011;5(2):164–172.
53.Dar JA, Thoker MA, Khan JA, Ali A, Khan MA, Rizwan M, Bhat KH, Dar MJ, Ahmed N, Ahmad S.Molecular epidemiology of clinical and carrier strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the hospital settings of north India. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006 Sep 14; 5:22.
54.Rasmussen, B. A., and K. Bush. 1997. Carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.41:223-232.
55.McManus-Munoz, S., and M. W. Crowder. 1999. Kinetic mechanism of metallo-β-lactamase L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biochemistry 38:1547-1553
56.Spencer, J., A. R. Clarke, and T. R. Walsh. 2001. Novel mechanism of hydrolysis of therapeutic β-lactams by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia L1 metallo-β-lactamase. J. Biol. Chem. 276:33638-33644.
57.Wang, Z., W. Fast, and S. J. Benkovic. Direct observation of an enzyme-bound intermediate in the catalytic cycle of the metallo-β-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998; 120:10788-10789.
58.Page, M. I.1999. The reactivity of β-lactams, the mechanism of catalysis and the inhibition of β-lactamases. Curr. Pharm. Des. 5:895-913.
Medline
59.Page, M. I. Understanding metallo-β-lactamases. ASM News. 2002;68:217-221.
60.Arakawa Y, Shibata N, Shibayama K, Kurokawa H, Yagi T, Fujiwara H, Goto M. Convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Jan;38(1):40-3.
61.Lee K, Chong Y, Shin HB, Kim YA, Yong D, Yum JH. Modified Hodge and EDTA-disk synergy tests to screen metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001 Feb;7(2):88-91.
62.Yong D, Lee K, Yum JH, Shin HB, Rossolini GM, Chong Y. Imipenem-EDTA disk method for differentiation of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Oct;40(10):3798-801.
63.Michael Smith. ICAAC: New MDR Gene Found in North America. http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/ICAAC/22154.Published: Sep 13, 2010.
64.Vardakas KZ, Tansarli GS, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Carbapenems versus alternative antibiotics for the treatment of bacteraemia due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:2793–803. [PubMed: 22915465].
65.Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, et al. Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:5046–54. [PMCID: PMC2786356] [PubMed: 19770275])
66.Walsh TR, Weeks J, Livermore DM, Toleman MA. Dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health: an environmental point prevalence study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011; 11:355–62 [PubMed: 21478057] .
67.Travel for Surgery May Help Spread New Superbug. Last Updated: 2010-Aug-11: (Health Day)By-Randy Dotinga. http://www.lahey.org/ Departments_and_Locations/Departments/Ophthalmology/Ebsco_Content/Macular_degeneration.aspx?chunkiid=617377.
68.New antibiotic-resistant bacteria discovery, 07 April 2011, News Centre, Cardiff University, http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/articles/new-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-discovery-6621.html, 16 May 2011.
69.Kusradze I, Diene SM, Goderdzishvili M, Rolain JM. Molecular detection of OXA carbapenemase genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iraq and Georgia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38:164–8. [PubMed: 21616644]
70.Nordmann P, Poirel L, Toleman MA, Walsh TR. Does broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance due to NDM-1 herald the end of the antibiotic era for treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:689–92. [PubMed: 21393184]
71.Walsh TR, Toleman MA. The new medical challenge: why NDM-1? Why Indian? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9:137–41. [PubMed: 21342058]
72.Sinha K. Lancet says sorry for ‘Delhi bug’ [accessed on August 25, 2011]. Available from: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lancet-says-sorryfor-Delhi-bug-/articleshow/7261135.cms.
73.Detection of Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying metallobeta- lactamase - United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:750. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010; 59 : 750. [PubMed: 20577157]
74.Kus JV, Tadros M, Simor A, Low DE, McGeer AJ, Willey BM, et al. New Delhi metallo-ss-lactamase-1: local acquisition in Ontario, Canada, and challenges in detection. CMAJ. 2011;183:1257–61. [PMCID: PMC3153514] [PubMed: 21624908].
75.Jovcic B, Lepsanovic Z, Suljagic V, Rackov G, Begovic J, Topisirovic L, et al. Emergence of NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Serbia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:3929–31.[PMCID: PMC3147624] [PubMed: 21646490].
76.Kusradze I, Diene SM, Goderdzishvili M, Rolain JM. Molecular detection of OXA carbapenemase genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iraq and Georgia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38:164–8. [PubMed: 21616644].
77. D’Andrea MM, Venturelli C, Giani T, Arena F, Conte V, Bresciani P, et al. Persistent carriage and infection by multiresistant Escherichia coli ST405 producing the NDM-1 carbapenemase: a report on the first Italian cases. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:2755–8. [PMCID: PMC3147842] [PubMed: 21525229].
78.Kahan, F. M., H. Kropp, J. G. Sundelof, and J. Birnbaum. Thienamycin: development of imipenem-cilastatin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1983; 12(Suppl. D):S1-S35.
79.Lim, H. M., J. J. Pene, and R. W. Shaw. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 β-lactamase II structural gene. J. Bacteriol. 1988;170:2873-2878.
80.Massidda, O., G. M. Rossolini, and G. Satta. 1991. The Aeromonas hydrophila cphA gene: molecular heterogeneity among class B metallo-β-lactamases. J. Bacteriol. 173:4611-4617.
81. Sabath LD, Abraham EP. Zinc as a cofactor for cephalosporinase from Bacillus cereus 569. Biochem J. 1966; 98 : 11C-3.
81.Shannon K, King A, Phillips I. Beta-lactamases with high activity against imipenem and Sch 34343 from Aeromonas hydrophila. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 17:45-50.
82. Cuchural GJ Jr, Malamy MH, Tally FP. Beta-lactamase mediated imipenem resistance in Bacteroids fragilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 30 : 645-8.
83. Quiroga, M. I., N. Franceschini, G. M. Rossolini, G. Gutkind, G. Bonfiglio, L. Franchino, and G. Amicosante. 2000. Interaction of cefotetan and the metallo-β-lactamases produced in Aeromonas spp. and in vitro activity. Chemotherapy 46:177-183.
84.Wang, Z., W. Fast, A. M. Valentine, and S. J. Benkovic. 1999. Metallo-β-lactamase: structure and mechanism. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3:614-622.
85.Chu, Y.-W., M. Afzal-Shah, E. T. S. Houang, M.-F. I. Palepou, D. J. Lyon, N. Woodford, and D. M. Livermore. 2001. IMP-4, a novel metallo-β-lactamase from nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. collected in Hong Kong between 1994 and 1998. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:710-71.
86. Iyobe, S., H. Kusadokoro, J. Ozaki, N. Matsumura, S. Minami, S. Haruta, T. Sawai, and K. O'Hara. 2000. Amino acid substitution in a variant of IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2023-2027.
87.Livermore, D. M., and N. Woodford. 2000. Carbapenemases: a problem in waiting? Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3:489-495.
88.Mehul S Chaudhari,et al. A Study of metallo-beta-lactatamase producing pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples OF S.S.G. HOSPITAL. National journal of medical research. Oct–Dec 2011;1(2):60-61.
89. Lee K, YumJH, Jong D, et al. A novel acquired metallo-b-lactamase gene, blaSIM-1, in a class 1 integron from Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (in press).
90.Gales, A. C., L. C. Menezes, S. Silbert, and H. S. Sader. 2003. Dissemination in distinct Brazilian regions of an epidemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing SPM metallo-β-lactamase. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52:699-702.
91.Lee, K., W. G. Lee, Y. Uh, G. Y. Ha, J. Cho, and Y. Chong. 2003. VIM- and IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. in Korean hospitals. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:868-871.
92.Arakawa, Y., M. Murakami, K. Suzuki, H. Ito, R. Wacharotayankun, S. Ohsuka, N. Kato, and M. Ohta.. A novel integron-like element carrying the metallo-β-lactamase gene blaIMP. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1995;39:1612-1615.
93.Lauretti, L., M. L. Riccio, A. Mazzariol, G. Cornaglia, G. Amicosante, R. Fontana, and G. M. Rossolini. 1999. Cloning and characterization of blaVIM, a new integron-borne metallo-β-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1584-1590.
94.Mendes, R. E., M. A. Toleman, J. Ribeiro, H. S. Sader, R. N. Jones, and T. R. Walsh. Genetic characterization of a novel metallo-β-lactamase gene, blaIMP-16: a highly divergent blaIMP with a unique genetic context. Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:4654-4661.
Article citation:
Idris N,Mohamed FEH,Thokar MA. Rationalizing antibiotic usage in Multidrug resistant Mbl (Metallo ß lactamase)producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05):382-394. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Idris N,Mohamed FEH,Thokar MA. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.