DocumentsDate added
Research article:
Pawan Kumar Goel.,MD1,*,Vinod Kumwar Bhardwaj.,MD,2,Ashok Kumar.,MS,3,
Naresh Kumwar.,MD,4,Siba Das Dutta.,MD5
Affiliation:-
1Department of Community Medicine, SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar Mewat,India.
2Department of Pharmacology, SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar Mewat ,India
3Department of ENT,SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar Mewat,India
4,5Department of Physiology, SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar Mewat, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar Mewat, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Pawan Kumar Goel
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine,
SHKM Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, District Mewat, Haryana, India
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(06):563-565.
Article citation:
Goel PK,Bhardwaj VK,Kumar A,Kumar N,Das SD. Psycho-social correlates of KAP- gap of contraceptive usage amongst slum dwellers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(05):563-565. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: India, despite of being the first country to start National Family Planning programme (1952) is expected to become the most populous country by surpassing China by the year 2050.The concept of “ KAP gap” was first explored in 1960’s.
Aims: To find out psycho-social reasons of non-usage of contraceptives. Material &Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out amongst 716 eligible couples residing in slums of Khalapar, (Muzaffarnagar).
Results: Twenty nine percent of couples were not using contraceptives due to psychosocial reasons. The majority (62.5%) of women were aged less than 30 years. The commonest reason was husband not interested (9.8%); maximum number of husbands were educated junior high school and above (42.9%). While the maximum number of women who were not interested were illiterate (52.9%). The majority (60.7%) of couples belong to lower socioeconomic classes (IV &V). The majority (70.6%) of women and 47.6% of men who were not interested to use contraceptives belong to lower socioeconomic classes (IV &V).
Conclusion: since a very high proportion (29.0 %) of study subjects is nonuser due to psychosocial reasons it is recommended that due attention should be paid by planners and it should be dealt with strengthening behavior change communication.
KEYWORDS: KAP gap; slum dwellers; contraceptive usage; unmet needs.
REFERENCES
1.K. Park (2000): Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, (16th Ed.), M/s Banarasidas Bhanot, Jabalpur, p. 327.
2.Govt. of India (2000), National Population Policy 2000.Ministry of family welfare New Delhi.
3.France Donnay. Children in the tropic. Controlling fertility 1991,193-194.
4.Mishra D. and Singh H. P., Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic status scale – A Revision, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 70, March 2003,
5.Census of India: Provisional population Total (paper 1991) Registrar and Census commissioner for India, New Delhi 1991.
6.Kansal A. (2004): Epidemiological correlates of fertility and contraceptive prevalence in rural population of Dehradun District. Thesis submitted for MD Community Medicine to H.N.B. Garhwal University (Unpublished).
7.Khokar A. and Gulati N. A study of never users of contraception from an urban slum of Delhi, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol.XXV,No.1,Jan-Mar.2000.
Copyright © 2014 Goel PK, Bhardwaj VK, Kumar A, Kumar N, Das SD. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Research article
Aruna Pancharia1,*, Vandana Yadav2, Charu Taneja3, Sunanda Chauhan4, Rupa Chauhan5 ,Vinod Gauttam6
Affiliation:-
1M.D. Scholar, Department of Pathology Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
2M.D. Scholar, Department of Pathology M. G. Institute of Medical Sciences Sewagram Wardha Maharashtra, India
3Assistant Prof. Department of Anatomy Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
4Assistant Prof. Department of Pathology Geetanjali 5Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
DCP, Department of Pathology Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
6Medical officer at Savina Khera PHC Udaipur, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical
College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
2. Department of Pathology M. G. Institute of Medical
Sciences Sewagram Wardha Maharashtra, India
3. Departments of Anatomy Geetanjali Medical
College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
4. Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
Authors contributions
All of the authors drafted, revised the article and approved the final version.
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Aruna Pancharia.
Department of Pathology Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the commonest malignant neoplasm all over the world. lt accounts for more cancer deaths in both men and women worldwide than any other cancer and is increasingly being recognized in India. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in western countries and In India also, lung cancer is most common in males in all urban registries. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy has an excellent result in diagnosis of lung cancer when combined with brushing cytology & biopsy.
Method: A total of 58 cancer positive biopsies were included in this study on whom bronchoscopy was performed specimens were collected over the period of 2 year. Bronchial brushing, biopsy specimens were collected & processed accordingly.
Results: Out of 58 malignant cases, the most common was the squamous cell carcinoma (58.62%), followed by adenocarcinoma (18.96%), small cell carcinoma (12.06%), miscellaneous (8.62%) & large cell carcinoma (1.72%). There were 53 male & 5 female with male to female ratio 10.6. The average age of the cases ranged from 21 years to 86 years, the average age being 59 years. Thus, cytohistological correlation was done in 58 malignant cases.
Conclusion: Bronchial biopsy has better detection rate than brushing cytology in this study. Bronchial brushing cytology is an inexpensive, less invasive, quick and effective diagnostic tool in detection of lung cancer. However combination of these modalities gives higher detection rate for bronchoscopically visible tumor. Therefore, bronchial brush cytology should be performed whenever possible in all suspected cases of lung cancer.
Keywords: Bronchial brushing cytology; bronchial biopsy; lung cancer.
REFERENCES
1.Sweta Kasana, comparative study of bronchial washings, bronchial brushings and bronchial biopsies in diagnosing centrally located carcinoma lung, M.D. thesis in Sawai Mansingh Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan 2012.
2.Eva Piya, Geeta Sayami, Brajendra Srivastava. Correlation of bronchial brushing cytology with bronchial biopsy in diagnosis of lung cancer. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 2011;10(2):4-7.
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4.Johnston WW, Elson CE. Respiratory tract.in: Bibbo M ,Editor,Comprehensive Cytopathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunder company ;1997.P 325-401
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7.Kawaraya M, Gemba K, Ueoka H, Nishii K, Kodani T. Evaluation of various cytological examinati ona by bronchoscopy in diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. British Journal of Cancer.2003; 89:1885-88.
8.Sayami G. Sayami P. Bronchial brushing cytology in suspected lung cancer. JNMA.1993; 31:132-7.
9.Ramesh C,Prakrita Bhushan P, Devkota Kc. Clinical & Histocytological Profi Le Of 200 Consecuti Ve Video Bronchoscopies. Nepal Medical College Journal 2002;4(2):64-67.
10.Saita S. Bronchial Brushing Biopsy: A Comparative Evaluation in Diagnosing Visible Lesions .Eur.J.Cardithoracic Surg.1990; 4(5):270-72.
11.Minoru Matsuda, Takeshi Horai, Shinichiro Nakamura, Bronchial Brushing And Bronchial Biopsy: Comparison Of Diagnostic Accuracy And Cell Typing Reliability In Lung Cancer Thorax 1986;41:475-478.
12.Ashok K, Tanwani, H Anwar Ul. Correlati On Of Bronchial Brushing and Biopsy in Lung Lesions. Pakistan J Med Res.2000; 39(3)1:15-20.
Article citation:
Pancharia A, Yadav V, Taneja C, Chauhan S, Chauhan R, Gauttam V. A study of correlation of bronchial brushing cytology with bronchial biopsy in diagnosis of lung cancer. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(06):492-496. Available at www.jpbms.info.
Copyright © 2014 Pancharia A, Yadav V, Taneja C, Chauhan S, Chauhan R, Gauttam V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Review article:
Seema Grover, M.D.S, 1,*,Vikas Malik, M.D.S2, Ashutosh Kaushik, M.D.S.,3,Rohan Diwakar, M.D.S.,4,Puneet Yadav, M.D.S.,4
Affiliation:-
1Professor,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics,SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurgaon,India
2Reader,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics,SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurgaon,India
3Post Graduate,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics,SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurgaon,India
4Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurgaon,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
From the department of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics,SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurgaon,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Seema Grover, M.D.S.,
A-229, Supermart 1, DLF Phase 4
Gurgaon-122002, Haryana,India
Contact number:+91- 9810636828
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(06):525-531.
Article citation:
Grover S, Malik V, Kaushik A, Diwakar R, Yadav P. A Future perspective of Botox in Dentofacial Region. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(05):525-531. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
There is always a need for a conservative noninvasive treatment modality that is quick, easy, relatively inexpensive, long acting, and effective, by the healthcare providers. There are some clinical situations which demands surgical and invasive procedures for achieving the esthetic and therapeutic goals. Botulinum toxin, a natural protein, is one of the most potent biological substances known which decreases the contractility of the muscles. Botox works by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. It can be a boon in treating several conditions for the associated with excessive muscle contraction or pain. A sound knowledge of the chemistry, mechanism of action, dose, method of administration, indications, contraindications and precautions is requisite for achieving the optimal outcome. A growing number of dentists are now providing botulinum toxin, treatment for their patients for both oral and maxillofacial cosmetic and therapeutic use and it is the most commonly performed minimally invasive cometic procedure. The objective of this review was to discuss the emerging role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of various pathological conditions of dentofacial region.
KEYWORDS: Botox; gummy smile; esthetics.
REFERENCES
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3.Brin MF. Botulinum toxin: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;20:146–68.
4.Allergan Inc. Botox cosmetic: About safety. Available at http://www.allergan.com/responsibility/product_safety_and_animal_testing.htm. assessed on 5-8-2013
5.Sellin LC. The pharmacological mechanism of botulism. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1985;6:80–2.
6.Jankovic J, Brin MF. Botulinum toxin: Historical perspective and potential new indications. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;20:129–45.
7.Odergren T, Hjaltason H, Kaakkola S, Solders G, Hanko J, Fehling C, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport® and Botox® in the treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64:6–12.
8.Hurkadle JK, Jatania A, Shanthraj R, Lakshmi B, Subbiah P, Linga S. Botox: Buy Me Beauty!. J Orofac Res 2012;2(3):160-164.
9.Ranoux D, Gury C, Fondarai J, Mas JL, Zuber M. Therapy with Botulinum Toxin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72: 459–62.
10.Bhogal PS, Hutton A, Monaghan A. Review of the current uses of Botox for dentally-related procedures. Dental Update April 2006; 33(3):165-168.
11.Benedetto AV. Asymmetrical smiles Corrected by botulinum toxin Serotype A. American Society for Dermatologic Surgery 2007;33 (sl):S32-S36.
12.Polo M. Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127:214-18.
13.Katz H. Botulinum toxins in dentistry--the new paradigm for masticatory muscle hypertonicity. Singapore Dent J. 2005 Dec;27(1):7-12.
14.Huang WS et al. Surface anatomy of the lip elevator muscles for the treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin. Angle Orthod. 2009 Jan; 79(1):70-7.
15.Song PC et al. The emerging role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Oral Diseases (2007) 13, 253–260.
16.Ludlow CL, Hallett M. Rhew K, et al. Therapeutic use of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med. 1992; 26:349-350.
17.Benninger MS. Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Patients With Spasmodic Dysphonia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001; 127(9):1083-1085.
Copyright © 2014 Grover S, Malik V, Kaushik A, Diwakar R, Yadav P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info.
Research article
Bahattin Isik.,MD1, M. Evvah Karakilic., MD2, M. Serkan Yilmaz., MD2, Cemil Kavalci., MD3,*,
Bahadir Danisman.,MD4, Ural Kaya., MD5, Yasin Öztürk.,MD6, Gulsum Kavalci., MD7,
Burak Demirci., MD2
Affiliation:-
1Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
2Numune Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
3Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
4Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Istanbul/Turkey
5Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Zonguldak/Turkey
6Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Ankara/Turkey
7Yenimahalle State Hospital, Anesthesia Department, Ankara/Turkey
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
2.Numune Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
3.Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Ankara/Turkey
4.Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, Istanbul/Turkey
5.Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Zonguldak/Turkey
6.Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Ankara/Turkey
7.Yenimahalle State Hospital, Anesthesia Department, Ankara/Turkey
Address reprint requests to
Kavalci Cemil, Asoc.Prof.Dr
Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Bahcelievler/ Ankara/ Turkey
Phone:+90 312 212 6868
Fax;+90 312 223 643
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(06):545-551.
Article citation:
Isik B, Karakilic ME, Yilmaz SE, Kavalci C, Danisman B, Kaya U. et al.. Association between the serum lactate level and the clinical symptoms in carbon monoxide poisoning. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(06):545-551. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most common poisonings worldwide. In this study, the relationship between the clinical symptoms of the patients and the blood carboxyhemoglobin and lactate levels was investigated. The complaints, clinical findings, cause of CO poisoning, level of COHb and lactate levels, and blood troponin level of 250 patients who had been admitted to the emergency department due to carbon monoxide poisoning were retrospectively analyzed. The most common complaint on admission was headache. Admissions were more frequent at night and in the morning. The most common cause of poisoning was stove (59.6%), followed by natural gas poisoning (34.8%). There was a positive and moderate correlation between the blood COHb level and the lactate level. The blood COHb and lactate levels were higher in patients with cardiac ischemia. 19.4% of the patients, who had the indication for hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) therapy, received this treatment. Serum lactate level rise with COHb levels in CO intoxications. Also it is associated with cardiologic effects like tachycardia, rise in Troponin I level. Additionally, lactate levels were higher in patients with neourologic symptoms. HBO therapy usage is less than required, so we have to send patients to HBO therapy in case of indication.
KEYWORDS: Carbon monoxide; poisoning; lactate; clinical condition.
REFERENCES
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2.Gorman D, Drewry A, Huang YL, Sames C. The clinical toxicology of carbonmonoxide. Toxicology. 2003;187:25-38.
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11.Yanir Y, Shupak A, Abramovich A, Reisner SA, Lorber A. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute carbon monoxide poisoning despite neurologic and metabolic recovery. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;40:420-4.
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14.Harper A, Croft-Baker J. Carbon monoxide poisoning: undetected by both patients and their doctors. Age Ageing. 2004;33:105-9.
15.Varon J, Marik PE, Fromm RE, Gueler A. Carbon monoxide poisoning: a review for clinicians. J Emerg Med. 1999;17:87-93.
16.Hampson NB, Hauff NM. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in carbon monoxide poisoning: do they correlate with the clinical picture? Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26:665-9.
17.Cevik A, Unluoğlu I, Yanturalı S, Kalkan S, Sahin A. Interrelation between the Poisoning Severity Score, carboxyhaemoglobin levels and in-hospital clinical course of carbon monoxide poisoning. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60:1558-64.
18.Gandini C, Castoldi AF, Candura SM, Locatelli C, Butera R, Priori S, et al. Carbon monoxide cardiotoxicity. Journal of toxicology Clinical toxicology. 2001;39:35-44.
19.Satran D, Henry CR, Adkinson C, Nicholson CI, Bracha Y, Henry TD. Cardiovascular manifestations of moderate to severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2005;45(9):1513-6. Epub 2005/05/03.
20.Koskela RS, Mutanen P, Sorsa JA, Klockars M. Factors predictive of ischemic heart disease mortality in foundry workers exposed to carbon monoxide. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152:628-32.
21.Moon JM, Shin MH, Chun BJ. The value of initial lactate in patients with carbon monoxide intoxication: in the emergency department. Human & experimental toxicology. 2011;30(8):836-43. Epub 2010/09/30.
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Abbreviations: Co: Carbon monoxide, CoHb: Carboxyhemoglobin, pCO2: Partial carbon dioxide; HBO: Hyperbaric oxygen.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Isik B, Karakilic ME, Yilmaz SE, Kavalci C, Danisman B, Kaya U. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Research article:
Dosunmu Adedoyin O1,*, Daniel Folashade A2 , Richards Atinuke K1, Arogundade Olarenwaju1, Akinbo Akinyemi2, Bonadventure Basil1,Oke David A3
Affiliation:-
1Department of Hematology, Lagos State University College of Medicine. 1 Oba Akinjobi street, P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos. Nigeria
2Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1 Oba Akinjobi street, P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos. Nigeria
3Chief Medical Director’s Office Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, 1 Oba Akinjobi street, P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos. Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Lagos State University College of Medicine,1 Oba Akinjobi street, P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos. Nigeria
*To whom it corresponds:-
Dr. Dosunmu Adedoyin O.
Department of Hematology, Lagos State University College of Medicine,1 Oba Akinjobi street, P.M.B. 21266 Ikeja, Lagos. Nigeria
E mail Address: doyin_dosunmu@yahoo.com
Abstract
Objective: To compare the anti platelet aggregation effect of clopidogrel (CPG) and aspirin (ASP) in stable hypertensive patients.
Method: A randomized, crossover and blinded study was conducted in hypertensive patients attending the outpatient clinic between January and March 2013. Patients were randomly assigned to take 75mg of CPG and 150mg of ASP once daily for two weeks. After a 2 week wash out period, subjects were switched. Platelet aggregation test was run every 2 weeks. The primary end point was percent inhibition of maximum platelet aggregation while the secondary end points were the incidence of adverse events and changes in the hematological and biochemical profiles.
Results: Thirty two patients were enrolled and 4 were lost to follow up. The inhibition of maximum aggregation tended to be higher in patients treated with clopidogrel than those on aspirin (36.7% vs. 25.4%; p=0.06). There were more patients who achieved more than 30% inhibition while on clopidogrel than aspirin (51.9% vs. 25.9%; p= 0.05). At the end of the study, there was significant reduction in hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, fasting blood sugar and prothrombin time international normalized ratio but values were within normal ranges.
Conclusion: This study supports the existing view that both aspirin and clopidogrel reduce platelet aggregation effectively with minimal but comparable adverse events. There is a wide individual variation in the efficacy of these drugs. It is therefore suggested that, platelet aggregation studies be done on patients in order to ensure the efficacy of medications and to avoid their undue usage.
Keywords: Aspirin; clopidogrel; inhibition of platelet aggregation; platelet aggregation test.
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Source of support: Kalbe International, Nigeria
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The investigators are all staff of Lagos State University and the Teaching Hospital. They have no financial commitment with Kalbe International, Nigeria or any other entity mentioned above that may constitute a conflict of interest. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Dosunmu AO, Daniel FA, Richards AK, Arogundade OA, Akinbo A, Bonadventure B et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.