DocumentsDate added
Research article:
Archith Boloor MD1, Ashima Mutneja2, Jagadish Rao Padubidri MD, DNB3,*
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India [ Affiliated to Manipal University]
2Under- Graduate Traniee, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India [Affiliated to Manipal University]
3Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka,India [ Affiliated to Manipal University]
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India [Affiliated to Manipal University]
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Jagadish Rao Padubidri,
Associate Professor, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Light House Hill Road, Mangalore-1, Karnataka, India. [Affiliated to Manipal University] or at ppjrao@gmail.com
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):633-637.
Article citation:
Boloor A,Mutneja A,Padubidri JR. Correlation between spot urine protein creatinine ratio to 24-hour proteinuria in assessing diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(07):633-637. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Persistent albuminuria is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (>300 mg/24 hr or 200 mcg/min), with additional criteria of the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Early screening for nephropathy in diabetes, with measurement of urinary albumin excretion is a very useful tool in the prevention of progression to chronic kidney disease. The wide spread use of 24hour urine protein excretion measurement forced the researchers to find a simpler and quicker method to get the result. One of the simpler methods is the use of spot single voided urine protein/creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours urine collection.
The aim of this study was to observe whether proteinuria measured, derived from a first morning void urine sample is same as a 24hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) to diagnose micro albuminuria, and to know the PROTEIN: CREATININE RATIO in a first morning void urine sample and 24hour surine albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 67 patients tested positive for micro albuminuria were included in the study after obtaining the informed consent for the same. From all these patients, two samples of urine were collected. (1) 24hour urine sample and (2) A first morning midstream urine sample.The utility of the spot morning urine as compared to the gold standard 24-hour proteinurea was inferred from: specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Correlation coefficient was computed to know the utility of the spot morning test and the 24hour proteinurea test. Regression analysis was calculated to predict the 24hour proteinurea.
Our observations concluded that the first morning void albumin creatinine ratio is as good as the 24 hour urine albumin excretion in diagnosing micro albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
KEYWORDS: Diabetic nephropathy; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; microalbuminuria; albumin creatinine ratio.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Boloor A,Mutneja A,Padubidri JR. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Huisu Wu, Wei Li, Yewei Sun, Lipeng Xu, Pei Yu, Yuqiang Wang, Zaijun Zhang*
Affiliation:-
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
Address reprint requests to
Zaijun Zhang
Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
Tel.: +8620-8522-5030; Fax: +8620-8522-5030.
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):573-580.
Article citation:
Huisu Wu , Wei Li, Yewei Sun, Lipeng Xu, Pei Yu, Yuqiang Wang et al. Determination of AL-1 in rat plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in AL-1 pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):573-580. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
A simple and rapid method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantitative determination of AL-1 in rat plasma and tissues has been developed and validated. Rhein was selected as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 m) using a mixture of methanol-PBS solution (77:23, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 234 nm wavelength. The linearity ranged from 0.025 to 160 µg/ml and the lower limit of quantification was estimated as 0.025 µg/ml. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the range of 1.72~7.81% and 0.8~9.23%, respectively. The extraction recovery was 65.23±5.61% and 82.63±1.31% in plasma and tissues. The validated method may be used to assess pharmacokinetics and tissues distribution of the drug.
KEYWORDS: AL-1; HPLC; plasma; pharmacokinetics; tissues distribution.
Source of support: This work is partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1032007 to YW, NSFC 81001683 to LX, and NSFC 81303251 to ZZ), China’s ‘12.5’ Innovative Drug Project (2012ZX09103101-055 to YW) as well as the Municipal Science and Technology Project of Guangdong (2012A080201009 to YW) and the International Science and Technology Collaborative Project of Guangdong Department of Education (gjhz1102 to YW). This work is also supported in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M531911 to ZZ), as well as the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (23610008 to LX), Ministry of Education, China; and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20104401120003 to LX).
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Research article:
Sanjay Chaudhary1,Neeraj Gour1,*, A. B. Mudey2,R.C. Chaudhary3,Dhiraj Srivastava4,
Munesh Kumar Sharma5,Rajesh Kumar Sambutwad6
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,GGS Medical College, Faridkot,Punjab , India
2Professor, Department of Community Medicine,Datta Maghe Insitute of Medical Scinces,Wardha, India
3Professor,Department of Community Medicine,MGMCH, Jaipur, India
4Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,RIMS & R, Safai,India
5Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine,GMCH, Chandigarh,India
6Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,Datta Maghe Institute of Medical Sciences,Wardha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Community Medicine,GGS Medical College, Faridkot,Punjab , India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Neeraj Gour.
Flat No G-1, Sai Villa Apartment,
Rajni Gandha Colony, Gole Ka Mandir,
Gwalior (M.P.) India
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):566-572.
Article citation:
Chaudhary S,Gour N,Mudey AB,Chaudhary RC,Srivastava D,Sharma MK,Sambutwad RK. A community based cross sectional study to assess smoking pattern in a rural area of Indian settings. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):566-572. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
According to the World health report 2002, chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries are the leading causes of death in all over the world, both in developed and developing countries affecting all sections of communities. These are linked by common risk factors related to lifestyle like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels. This study was planned with the objective to assess the pattern of smoking in a rural community setting of Wardha district of Maharastra.
Material and method: Community based cross- sectional study with participants’ age between 15 to 64 years taking a sample size of 3500. Multistage sampling technique was adopted to collect the needed sample size.
Results:A total of 3500 individuals were studied by a home visit. Of these, 1920 (54.86%) were male and 1580 (45.14%) were female. Of 1920 men 420 (21.87%) were current smokers of whom 40 were non-daily smokers. A majority(78.12%) were nonsmokers currently. Only 20(1.26%) of the 1580 women were current smokers and all did it daily. 98.74% of women were nonsmokers.
Conclusion: There is need of planning of larger scale multicentre studies in a bid to provide more precise and applicable outcomes for planner and policy makers in regard to smoking.
KEYWORDS: Smoking pattern; rural setting; India
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Original article
Chethana. K.V*, Abhay Mane1, S.G.Hiremath2, Revathi3, Sreejith.S.Nair4
Affiliation:-
*Post Graduate student; 1Professor; 2Professor & HOD; 3Assistant Professor; 4Post Gradutate, Department of Community Medicine; Navodaya Medical College; Raichur; Karnataka, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Community Medicine; Navodaya Medical College; Raichur; Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Chethana.K.V.
Post Graduate,
Department of Community Medicine,
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur- 584103
Karnataka; India or at chetuvb09@gmail.com
J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(06):581-587.
Article citation:
Chethana KV,Mane A,Hiremath SG,Revathi,Nair SS. Determinants and practices of hand hygiene among school going children in rural and urban area of raichur. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(07):581-587. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
According to the World Health Organization unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene account for an estimated 9.1% of the global burden of disease and 6.3% of all deaths. Good hand washing practice is a prerequisite to a child’s survival. The high incidence of diarrheal diseases and other communicable diseases among school children may be due to poor knowledge and practice of personal and environmental hygiene. Poor knowledge and practice of, and attitudes to personal hygiene, such as hand washing, has negative consequences for a child’s long term overall development.
Objectives: To study the determinants and practices of hand hygiene among school going children in rural and urban area of Raichur.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Urban and Rural field practice area of Navodaya Medical College, Raichur,from 8th to 28th July 2013. Informed consent was taken from the Principal of the school and parents for examination of students. All the students who were present were examined. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 statistical software.
Results: Total 676 students participated in the study, 293 were (43.3%) urban and 383 (56.7%) from rural areas.In rural areas, the followed method of defecation was open place by 88.5% students as compared to only 22% in urban areas. Majority, 79.5% students in rural areas reported no access to soap as compared to 23.5% students in urban areas. The access to water for handwash inside the home was significantly less (83.6%) among students from rural area as compared to urban area (94.2%).
KEYWORDS: Hand Hygiene; rural; urban; school children.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
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Copyright © 2014 Chethana KV, Mane A, Hiremath SG, Revathi, Nair SS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Ahmed, Abdalhameed1,*, M. & Elhag.Wafa,1,PhD
Affiliation:-
1MSc. Student, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Assistant professor, Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
Authors contributions:
Study idea, design, practical, analysis, writing of manuscript and editing all by author 1 and the supervising of research, and revising of paper by author 2.
Address reprint requests to
* Ahmed, Abdalhameed,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
Article citation:
Abdalhameed A & Wafa E. Frequency of Hepatitis A virus among food handlers. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(07):664-669. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in food handlers in Khartoum state, Sudan during period March to June 2014.
Materials & methods: A total of ninety food handlers, were enrolled in this study. Out of them 85 (94.4 %) were males and 5 (5.6%) females, and their age ranged between 30 to 39 with mean age of 33 years.
Blood specimens were collected and examined by ELISA technique for the detection of hepatitis A IgM& IgG antibodies.
Results: IgM antibody was detected among 6(6.7%) food handlers, while 32(35.6%) food handlers had IgG antibody, and 2.0 (3.6%) were positive for both. Most of seropositive were males 6(6.7%) IgM & 30 (33.3%)IgG,
Conclusion: The frequency of HAV IgM& IgG among the Food handlers is high in the age group (40-49) & (20-29) respectively. Education for behaviors along with screening, vaccination, and appropriate treatment for hepatitis A is strongly recommended to control this persistent infectious source of hepatitis A in the community.
KEYWORDS: HAV; food handlers; ELISA technique.
Core tip: - A critical problem for food handlers is hepatitis A infections. Some of the risk factors associated with HAV infection include poor hygiene, poor sanitation, and food & water contamination. In fact, HAV infection through food handlers has increased worldwide.
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