DocumentsDate added
Original article
SmithaNayak1,*, VinodNayak2, G. Somu3, Shankar B2
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, School of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
3Professor, Department of Hospital Administration, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.SmithaNayak.
Assistant Professor, School of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka,India
Article citation:
Nayak S, Nayak V, Somu G, Shankar B. Knowledge and attitude of nurses to biomedical waste management: A cross sectional study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(08):733-736. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The hospital sector has gone through a revolutionary change in the process of health care delivery and has emerged into a complex multidisciplinary system. This sector utilizes an array of items in the process of delivering health care and leaves behind unusable waste which is has to be handled and disposed with utmost care. Among all the stakeholders in the healthcare industry, the nurses spend most of their time with the patients than any other employee segment. This increases their risk exposure to the hazards present in hospital environment. Hence there is a need for the nurses to be well equipped with latest information, skills and practices in managing biomedical waste management.
Methodology: We surveyed 128 nurses at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal to explore their knowledge and attitude towards biomedical waste management. This research also explored the biomedical waste management practices adopted by the nursing staff at the hospital. The research instrument used is a structured questionnaire that has been statistically validated.
Results: Among 128 respondents who participated in the survey, most of the respondents had less than five years of experience in the healthcare sector. Most of the nurses were knowledgeable on issues pertaining to biomedical waste management. 87 percent of the respondents were knowledgeable about the practices and procedures and 76 percent displayed a positive attitude towards biomedical waste management.
KEYWORDS: Biomedical waste; Knowledge; attitude; nurses.
REFERENCES
1.Saraj Badgujar, Sanskriti Menon, Anil Kumar, Shyamala Mani.Biomedical Waste Management Scenario in Pune. Savonier and Abstract book in National Workshop. 2002-2003; 30.
2.Shakharkar B.M. Principals of Hospital Administration 1st Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Publishers 1998.
3.Sahar et al Intervention program for nurses about health care waste management Research journal of Medicine and medical sciences ,Egypt. 2012;7(1):25-37.
4.Sgerwal B.C, Lakshmy. A, ManojJais, GeetaMenta. Theoretical awareness and Practical Compliance of BMW Waste Management among Health Care Personnel in a tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi. Souvenir and Abstract Book in National Work Shop.Indore: 2004.
Copyright © 2014 Nayak S, Nayak V, Somu G,Shankar B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patients and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Research article:
Shruti Jain*
Affiliation:-
Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. 173234. India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. 173234. India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Shruti Jain.
Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. 173234. India
Article citation:
Ja in S., Implementation of Fuzzy System us ing O perational Transconductance Amplifier for ERK pathway of EGF/ Insulin leading to Cell Survival/ Death. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(08):705-711. Available at www.jpbms.info
J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(08):705-711.
ABSTRACT
In this paper a well defined method for the design of ERK pathway for epidermal growth factor/ insulin using fuzzy system using operational transconductance amplifier was discussed. Fuzzy system includes fuzzification of the input variables, application of the fuzzy operator (AND or OR) in the antecedent, implication from the antecedent to the consequent, aggregation of the consequents across the rules, and defuzzfication. The fuzzy system (including all blocks) for estimating the cell survival/death using ERK pathway, exhibits a gain of 77.25 dB, input resistance with 44.13KΩ, output resistance with 5.163KΩ, CMRR with 73.84dB, slew rate with 0.6V/µsec and power dissipation with 0.197mW.
KEYWORDS: Epidermal growth factor (EGF)/ Insulin; Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK); operational transconductance amplifier; Fuzzy system; Electrical parameters.
REFERENCES
1.Jain S., Communication of signals and responses leading to cell survival / cell death using Engineered Regulatory Networks. PhD Thesis, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 2012.
2.Ullrich A.,Schlessinger J., Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, Cell, 1990;61: 203-211.
3.Arteaga C., Targeting HER1/EGFR: a molecular approach to cancer therapy. Semin Oncol, 2003;30:314.
4.Jain S, Design and simulation of fuzzy membership functions for the fuzzification module of fuzzy system using operational amplifier, International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications (IJSCC). 2014;6(1):69-83.
5.Jain S., Design and Simulation of Fuzzy Implication Function of Fuzzy System Using Two Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS), Feb 2014;7(2):150-155.
6.Berkan R.C., Trubatch S. L., Fuzzy System Design Principles, 1997.1st edition, Wiley-IEEE Press.
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8.John Yen,Reza Langari, Fuzzy Logic: intelligent Control and Information, 1998. United states ed edition, Prentice Hall.
9.E. Sanchez Sinenchio, J. Silva Martinez,CMOS transconductance amplifiers, architectures and active filters: A tutorial, IEEE Proc-Circuits Devices System.2000;147(1):3-12.
10.Allen P.E, holberg D.R., CMOS analog circuit design , 2011. International Student edition, Oxford.
11.MaSavisha A. P. halingam, Md. Mamun, Labonnah F. Rahman, Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki, Design and Analysis of a Two Stage Operational Amplifier for High Gain and High Bandwidth,Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012;6(7):247-254.
12.Patel P.D. , Shah K.A., Design of Low Power Two Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier,International Journal of Science and Research,2013;2(3):432-434.
13.Gayakwad, R.A., Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, 2002. 3rd ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
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15.Minh Anh Nguyen, Pspice Tutorial, Class: Power Electronic 2 , By Colorado State University Student. 16.Rashid M.H., Introduction to PSICE using OrCAD for circuits and electronics, 2009. 3rd e dition, PHI.
Copyright © 2014 Jain S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Original Research Article
A.Mary Antony Praba¹,* C.Venkatramaniah²,G.Kavitha3.
Affiliation:-
¹Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, India
²Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondy, India
ᵌProfessor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondy, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College & Hospital, Chennai,India
2. Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College & Hospital, Chennai,India
3. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondy, India
Address reprint requests to
* A. Mary Antony Praba.
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, India
ABSTRACT
Huntington’s disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that causes defects in behaviour and cognition also uncontrolled rapid, jerky movements in the body. Huntington’s disease is also known as Huntington’s chorea because it is characterized by continuous, choreiform movements of the body (especially the limbs and face). For this study we produced a model of Huntington’s chorea by injecting 0.5µl of kainic acid into the basal ganglia bilaterally. For this study the animals were divided into 8 groups CO, LC, WS100, WS125, WS150, WD5, WD50 and WD100, with 6 animals each. All the animals except CO and LC were pretreated with particular drug 10 days prior lesion surgery. Lesion surgery was performed in all the animals except CO group of animals, the brain tissue were collected within 24 hours and analysed for antioxidant enzymes.
The LC group animals exhibited continuous choreiform movements in the face, body and limbs. The other group of animals were not showing any choreiform movements.
The biochemical analysis shown the antioxidant enzyme such as SOD, GPX and CAT levels were increased significantly for drug group animals in comparison with CO animals. The lesion control animal showed a slight increase in the SOD level and reduced levels of Catalase and GPX. Between the drug group of animals the animal groups WS125 and WD100 shown maximum antioxidant activity and proves the efficacy of the drug in free radical scavenging and neuroprotection.
KEYWORDS: CO=control group; LC= lesion control; WS100 = ethanolic extract of withania somnifera 100mg/kg.bw; WS125 ethanolic extract of withania somnifera 125mg/kg.bw.; WS150= ethanolic extract of withania somnifera 150mg/kg.bw., WD5= withanolide A 5µg/kg.bw., WD50= withanolide A 50µg/kg.bw., WD100= withanolide A 100µg/kg.bw., SOD= superoxide dismutase; GPX= glutathione peroxidase, CAT= catalase.
REFERENCES
1.Gupta GL and Rana AC, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Review. Pharmacog Rev. 2007:1:129-136.
2.Helms A. Shulman L. Chorea, Athetosis, and Ballismus. Demos Medical Publishing. Bookshelf ID: NBK7479.
3.Jawaid T, Shukla D, Verma J. Anti-inflammatory activity of the plants used in traditional medicines. Int J of Bio Research. 2011; 2(4):252‐263.
4.Mohan, Royce. Withanolide compounds as inhibitors of fibrosis and identification of molecular targets for anti-fibrotic drug development. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0032958.html
5.Manikandan S, Devi RS. Antioxidant property of α-asarone against noise-stress-induced changes in different regions of rat brain. Pharmacol Research. 2005;52(6):467-474.
6.Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 1974; 47:469-474.
7.Pollard J. A Caregiver’s Handbook for Advanced-StageHuntington Disease. Huntington Society of Canada. 2000.
8.Rosenblatt A, Leroi I. Neuropsychiatry of Huntington's disease and other basal ganglia disorders. Psychosomatics. 2000:41(1):24-30.
9.Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, et al. Selenium: biochemical roles as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 9. 1973; 179(73):588-590.
10.Sinha AK. Colorimetric analysis of catalase. Anal biochem. 1972:47(2):389-394.
11.Venkatramaniah C, Praba AMA, Girija S. A model of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by kainic acid and the behavioral study of the animals treated with Acorus calamus and β-asarone. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences (JPBMS). 2012; 23(27):1-4.
Article citation:
Praba AMA.,Venkatramaniah C., Kavitha G. Free radical scavenging and neuroprotective Effect Of Withania Somnifera And It’s Active Principle Withanolide A In Huntington’s Chorea Model Of Rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(08):674-678. Available at www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014. Praba AMA.,Venkatramaniah C., Kavitha G. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Research article
Baljinder Singh1,*, Surinder Kumar2, Ovais Karnain Wadoo3, Mridu Gupta4, Rajinder Singh Sidh5
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, India
3Jr. Resident, Department of Physiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
4Professor, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
5Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2. Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Baljinder Singh.
Associate Professor,
Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana ,Ambala, Haryana, India or at drbsarora@yahoo.com
Article citation:
Singh B,Kumar S,Wadoo OK,Gupta M,Sidhu RS. Effect of yogic exercises on heart rate in Diabetes Mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(08):724-727. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The science of yoga is an ancient one. Yoga has been claimed to be useful in Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart disease, Asthma, Depression and Anxiety etc.
Aims: The present study was planned to know the beneficial effects of yoga exercises on heart rate in diabetics.
Method: The study involved 100 diabetic persons age group 40-60 years, out of which 50 patients were randomly selected for yogic exercises. Baseline record heart rate of patients was taken before starting yogic exercises. The patients then underwent a course of yogic exercises (Pranayamas, Mandukasan) for three months. At monthly intervals the serum heart rates were recorded.
Results and Conclusions: There was a lowering of heart rate levels (p<0.01).This observation may be due to significant changes in insulin kinetics and those of counter regulatory hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and growth hormone. Thus Yogic exercises are recommended as a very cost effective useful adjunct along with medical treatments for the diabetes mellitus.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Heart rate; Yogic exercise.
REFERENCES
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Singh B,Kumar S,Wadoo OK,Gupta M,Sidhu RS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:
Jayesh Warade MD1,*, Aparna Pandey2 PhD.
Affiliation:-
1Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
2Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Indira Gandhi Goverment Medical College,Nagpur, Maharastra,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Jayesh Warade MD.
Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
Article citation:
Warade J, Pandey A. Distribution of Sickle Cell Disease in Different Communities of Patient Visiting Out Patient Department. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(08):728-732. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: The highest prevalence of Hb S is in tropical Africa and among blacks in the countries that participated in the slave trade. Results of studies of DNA polymorphisms linked to the ßs gene suggest that it arose from three independent mutations in tropical Africa. The sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait are observed to occur in relatively high frequencies among the endogamous population of India. Here in this study, we have screened the sickle cell patients visiting OPD at our institution to find the cast - wise prevalence of sickle cell disease.
Materials and Method: Subjects included are diagnosed cases of sickle cell disease taken from OPD. Detailed histories of every individual was obtained. Permission was taken from institutional ethical committee.
Results: Most of the cases in our study are found to be from a Mahar community with decreasing frequencies in kunbi, otkar, halbi, koshti. Very few cases are also fund from teli muslim maheshwari, brhamin community.
Conclusion: It is well known that sickle cell gene is widely prevalent in tribal populations. Due to recent activities of globalization, migration of population, inter-caste marriages and mixing of gene pool it has been seen that the disease which was once thought to be limited to the tribal communities is now also spreading in other communities of the society.
KEYWORDS: Sickle Cell; Tribal population; globalization; Mahar, Mutation.
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Copyright © 2014 Warade J., Pandey A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info