DocumentsDate added
Original article
SmithaNayak1,*, VinodNayak2, G. Somu3, Shankar B2
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, School of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
3Professor, Department of Hospital Administration, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.SmithaNayak.
Assistant Professor, School of Management, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka,India
Article citation:
Nayak S, Nayak V, Somu G, Shankar B. Knowledge and attitude of nurses to biomedical waste management: A cross sectional study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(08):733-736. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The hospital sector has gone through a revolutionary change in the process of health care delivery and has emerged into a complex multidisciplinary system. This sector utilizes an array of items in the process of delivering health care and leaves behind unusable waste which is has to be handled and disposed with utmost care. Among all the stakeholders in the healthcare industry, the nurses spend most of their time with the patients than any other employee segment. This increases their risk exposure to the hazards present in hospital environment. Hence there is a need for the nurses to be well equipped with latest information, skills and practices in managing biomedical waste management.
Methodology: We surveyed 128 nurses at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal to explore their knowledge and attitude towards biomedical waste management. This research also explored the biomedical waste management practices adopted by the nursing staff at the hospital. The research instrument used is a structured questionnaire that has been statistically validated.
Results: Among 128 respondents who participated in the survey, most of the respondents had less than five years of experience in the healthcare sector. Most of the nurses were knowledgeable on issues pertaining to biomedical waste management. 87 percent of the respondents were knowledgeable about the practices and procedures and 76 percent displayed a positive attitude towards biomedical waste management.
KEYWORDS: Biomedical waste; Knowledge; attitude; nurses.
REFERENCES
1.Saraj Badgujar, Sanskriti Menon, Anil Kumar, Shyamala Mani.Biomedical Waste Management Scenario in Pune. Savonier and Abstract book in National Workshop. 2002-2003; 30.
2.Shakharkar B.M. Principals of Hospital Administration 1st Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Publishers 1998.
3.Sahar et al Intervention program for nurses about health care waste management Research journal of Medicine and medical sciences ,Egypt. 2012;7(1):25-37.
4.Sgerwal B.C, Lakshmy. A, ManojJais, GeetaMenta. Theoretical awareness and Practical Compliance of BMW Waste Management among Health Care Personnel in a tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi. Souvenir and Abstract Book in National Work Shop.Indore: 2004.
Copyright © 2014 Nayak S, Nayak V, Somu G,Shankar B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patients and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Original article:
Jayesh Warade MD1,*, Aparna Pandey2 PhD.
Affiliation:-
1Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
2Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Indira Gandhi Goverment Medical College,Nagpur, Maharastra,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Jayesh Warade MD.
Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
Article citation:
Warade J, Pandey A. Distribution of Sickle Cell Disease in Different Communities of Patient Visiting Out Patient Department. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(08):728-732. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: The highest prevalence of Hb S is in tropical Africa and among blacks in the countries that participated in the slave trade. Results of studies of DNA polymorphisms linked to the ßs gene suggest that it arose from three independent mutations in tropical Africa. The sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait are observed to occur in relatively high frequencies among the endogamous population of India. Here in this study, we have screened the sickle cell patients visiting OPD at our institution to find the cast - wise prevalence of sickle cell disease.
Materials and Method: Subjects included are diagnosed cases of sickle cell disease taken from OPD. Detailed histories of every individual was obtained. Permission was taken from institutional ethical committee.
Results: Most of the cases in our study are found to be from a Mahar community with decreasing frequencies in kunbi, otkar, halbi, koshti. Very few cases are also fund from teli muslim maheshwari, brhamin community.
Conclusion: It is well known that sickle cell gene is widely prevalent in tribal populations. Due to recent activities of globalization, migration of population, inter-caste marriages and mixing of gene pool it has been seen that the disease which was once thought to be limited to the tribal communities is now also spreading in other communities of the society.
KEYWORDS: Sickle Cell; Tribal population; globalization; Mahar, Mutation.
REFERENCES
1.Balgir RS. Genetic epidemiology of the three predominant abnormal hemoglobins in India. J Assoc Physcians India.1996;44:25-29.
2.Pagnier J, Mears JG, Dunda – Belkhodja O et al. Evidence for multicentric origin of sickle cell hemoglobin gene in Africa. Proc Natl Acad sci USA. 1984;81(6):1771-73.
3.Antonarakis SE, Boehm CD, Serjeant GR et al. Origin of the beta S globin gene in blacks: the contribution of recurrent mutation or gene conversion or both. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.1984;81(3):599-601.
4.Serjeant GR. The geography of sickle cell disease: opportunities for understanding its diversity. Ann Saudi Med. 1994;14:237-46.
5.Mears JG, Beldjord C, Benabadji M et al. The sickle gene polymorphism in North Africa, Blood.1981; 58(3):599-601.
6.Serjeant GR. Sickle cell disease. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford university press; 1992.
7.Neel JV. Sickle cell disease: a worldwide problem. In: Abramson H, Bertles JF, Wethers DL, editors. Sickle cell disease: diagnosis, management, education and research. St. Louis: Mosby; 1973.
8.Peterson CM et al. Iron metabolism, sickle cell disease and response to cynate Blood,1975;46(4):583–590.
9.Hussain M. A., Davis L. R., Laulicht M. Hoffband A. V.: Value of serum ferritin estimation in sickle cell anaemia; Arch Dis Child. 1978 Apr; 53:319-21.
10.Davies S, Henthorn J, Brozovit M; Iron deficiency in sickle cell anaemia; J Clin Pathol. 1983;36:1012-1015.
11.Dunlop K. J. and Muzumdar U. K.: Occurance of sickle cell anaemia among a group of tea garden labourers in Upper Assam. Ind. med. Gaz. 87: 87 (1952).
12.Kamble M, Chaturvedi P. Epidemiology of sickle cell disease in rural hospital of Central India. Indian Peadiatr. 2000:37(4):391-96.
13.Lubin BH, Oski FA. Oral urea therapy in children with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr.1973;82:311-313.
14.Shukla RN, Parande AS. Occurance of sickle cell anemia and cases of sickle cell trait in Nagpur. Indian Journal of Medical Science.1956;10:892.
15.Shukla RN, Solanki BR. Sickle cell trait in Central India. Lancet. 1958;1(7015):297-98.
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17.Abhyankar D, Zanwar SD, Mundada A, Oak S, Vora A, Khandait V, Kate S. ABG analysis in acute chest syndrome and vasoocclusive crises of sickle cell disease. Indian J Haematol and Blood transfusion. 2000; 18(2):25-27.
18.Kate SL, Health problems of tribal population groups from the state of Maharashtra. 2000; Oct 23rd: 1 to 9 from Immunology Bulletin.
19.Gangakhedkar RR. Health education in sickle cell disease. Immunohematol. Bull. 1989;20:1-8.
20.Ambekar SS, Phadke MA, Balpande DN, Mokashi GD, Khedkar VA, Bankar MP, Gambhir PS, Bulakh PM, Basutkar DG. Pattern of hemoglobinopathies in Western Maharashtra. Ind. Pediatr.2001;38:530-34.
Copyright © 2014 Warade J., Pandey A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Research article
Baljinder Singh1,*, Surinder Kumar2, Ovais Karnain Wadoo3, Mridu Gupta4, Rajinder Singh Sidh5
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, India
3Jr. Resident, Department of Physiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
4Professor, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
5Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2. Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Baljinder Singh.
Associate Professor,
Department of Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana ,Ambala, Haryana, India or at drbsarora@yahoo.com
Article citation:
Singh B,Kumar S,Wadoo OK,Gupta M,Sidhu RS. Effect of yogic exercises on heart rate in Diabetes Mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014; 04(08):724-727. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The science of yoga is an ancient one. Yoga has been claimed to be useful in Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart disease, Asthma, Depression and Anxiety etc.
Aims: The present study was planned to know the beneficial effects of yoga exercises on heart rate in diabetics.
Method: The study involved 100 diabetic persons age group 40-60 years, out of which 50 patients were randomly selected for yogic exercises. Baseline record heart rate of patients was taken before starting yogic exercises. The patients then underwent a course of yogic exercises (Pranayamas, Mandukasan) for three months. At monthly intervals the serum heart rates were recorded.
Results and Conclusions: There was a lowering of heart rate levels (p<0.01).This observation may be due to significant changes in insulin kinetics and those of counter regulatory hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and growth hormone. Thus Yogic exercises are recommended as a very cost effective useful adjunct along with medical treatments for the diabetes mellitus.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Heart rate; Yogic exercise.
REFERENCES
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3.Telles S, Naveen K. Yoga for rehabilitation: an overview. Indian J Med Sci 1997;51:123-7.
4.Ray BJ. Psychophysiologic effects if hatha yoga on musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function; a literature review. J Altern Complementary Med 2002; 8: 797-812.
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9.Yas R, Dikshit N. Effect of Meditation on Respiratory System, Cardiovascular system and Lipid profile. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 2002; 46(4):487–91.
10.Granath J, Ingvarsson S, Von Thiele U, Lundberg U. Stress management: a randomized study of cognitive behavioral therapy and yoga. Cogn Behav Ther 2006; 35(1): 3-10.
11.Rosembloom AL, Joe JR, Young RS, Winter WE. Emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in youth. Diabetes Care 1999;22:345-354.
12.Udupu KN. Disorders of Stress and their management by Yoga, Banaras Hindu University 1978; p. 159.
13.Yadav RK, Ray RB, Vempati R, Bijlani RL. Effect of a comprehensive yoga based lifestyle modification program on lipid peroxidation. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 2005;49(3): 358-62.
14.Gupta R, Gupta VP. Lessons for Prevention from a Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiological study in Western India; Current Science 1998;74:1074–77.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Singh B,Kumar S,Wadoo OK,Gupta M,Sidhu RS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
Mostafa Mohamed Abosdera*,MD, Alzahraa Elsayed Almasry,MD
Affiliation:-
Associate Professor, Pediatric Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag, Egypt
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Pediatric Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag, Egypt
Address reprint requests to
Mostafa Mohamed Abosdera, MD.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, and Consultant of Pediatrics, Gannas Medical Center, Al Kharj, KSA, Saudia Arabia
Article citation:
Abosdera MM.,Almasry AE., Breast feeding versus formula feeding and childhood asthma. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(08):719-723. Available at www.jpbms.info
J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(08):719-723.
ABSTRACT
Asthma is a global health problem affecting about 300 million individuals of all ages, ethnic groups and countries. It is estimated that around 250,000 people die prematurely each year as a result of asthma4. Several birth cohort studies evaluating the association between breast feeding and asthma in children have shown consistently protective effects, particularly with exclusive breast feeding15,8.
The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between breast feeding versus formula feeding and asthma in children and its relation to duration of breast feeding and other factors affecting asthma. 350 asthmatic child aged 1-6 years who were attending our pediatric clinic at Al Gannas Medical Centre, Al kharj, KSA in the period from 20-8-2011 to 19-2-2013 were included in this study.
KEYWORDS:Breast feeding;Childhood;Asthma.
REFERENCES
1.Al-Hreashy FA, Tamim HM, Al-Baz N, et al. Patterns of breastfeeding practice during the first 6 months of life in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2008 Mar; 29(3): 427-31.
2.Al-Makoshi A, Al-Frayh A, Turner S, et al. Breastfeeding practice and its association with respiratory symptoms and atopic disease in 1-3 years old children in the city of Riyadh, centrl Saudi Arabia. Breast Feed Med. 2013 Feb; 8 (1): 127-33.
3.El Mouzan MI, Al Omar AA, Al Salloum AA. Trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia: compliance with WHO recommendations. Ann Saudi Med. 2009 Jan-Feb; 29(1): 20-3.
4.Bousquet J, Mantzouranis E, Cruz AA, et al. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control ,and exacerbation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Nov; 126(5): 926-38.
5.Dell S, To T. Breast feeding and asthma in young children: Finding from a population based study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001 Nov; 155(11):1261-5.
6.Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Differences in morbidity between breastfed and formula-fed infants. J Pediatr 1995; 126: 696-702.
7.Fida NM, Al-Aama JY. Pattern of infant feeding at University Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2003 Jul; 24(7): 725-9.
8.Kramer M. Does breastfeeding help protect against atopic disease? J Pediatr 1988; 112: 181-190.
9.Kull L, Almqvist C, Lilja G, et al. Breastfeeding reduce the risk of asthma during the first 4 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 Oct; 114(4): 755-60.
10.Kusunoki T, Morimoto T, Nishikomori R, et al. Breastfeeding and the prevalence of allergic diseases in school children: Does reverse causation matter? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010 Feb;21(1 pt 1):60-6.
11.Leung TF, Tam WH, Hung EC, et al. Sociodemographic and atopic factors affecting breastfeeding intention in Chinese mothers. J Pediatr Child Health. 2003 Aug;39(6): 460-4.
12.Liu YQ, Zhao Y, Liu MM, et al. The effect of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Aug; 46(8):718-21.
13.Oddy WH, Holt PG, Sly PD. Association between breastfeeding and asthma in 6 years old children. BMJ 1999; 319: 815-19.
14.Pedersen SE, Hurd SS, Lemanske RF, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and yoynger. Pediaer Pulmonol. 2011 Jan; 46(1): 1-17.
15.Saarinen U, Kajosaar M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease. Lancet 1995; 346: 1065-1069.
16.Silver KM, Frampton CM, Wickens K, et al. Breastfeeding protects against current asthma up to 6 years of age. J Pediatr. 2012 Jun; 160(6): 991-6.
17.Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM, Jaddoe VW, Van der Valk RJ. Duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding and childhood asthma-related symptoms. Eur Respir J. 2012 Jan;39 (1): 81-9.
18.Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S. Association between breastfeeding and allergic disorders in Japanese children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010 Apr; 14(4): 513-8.
19.Tariq SM, Matthews SM, Hakim EA, et al. The prevalence of and risk factors for atopy in early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunolo. 1998; 101: 587-593.
20.Wilson AC, Forsyth JS, Greene SA, et al. Relation of infant diet to childhood health. BMJ 1998; 316: 21-25.
21.Wold AE, Adlerberth I. Does breastfeeding affect the infant’s immune responsiveness? Acta Pediatr. 1998; 87: 19-22.
22.Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Taussig LM, et al. Relationship of infant feeding to recurrent wheezing at age 6 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149: 758-763,
23.Yang YW, Tsai CL, Lu CY. Exclusive breastfeeding and incident atopic dermatitis in childhood. Br J Dermatol 2009 Aug; 161(2): 373-83.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Original article
MeghnaC1, SevithaBhat2,*,VidyalakshmiK3
Affiliation:-
1Post graduate, 2Associate Professor, 3Additional Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore-575001, Karnataka, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore-575001, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr SevithaBhat.
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College,
Light house Hill road, Mangalore-575001.Karnataka, India.
Article citation:
Meghna C, BhatSevitha,Vidyalakshmi K. Risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among non-fermenting gram negative bacilli in a teaching hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2014;04(08):715-718. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Non‑fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) have emerged as an important health care associated pathogens especially in immune compromised patients. Characterization of NFGNB, the infections, the risk factors associated and study of their antibiogram is important in the management of infections.
The aim of the present study was to characterize the NFGNB and to assess the risk factors and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the non fermenters.
Materials and Methods: A total of 800 isolates of non fermenters from various clinical samples were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The relevant patient data were collected from the patient records.
Results: Among 800 NFGNB, Pseudomonas species (59%) and Acinetobacterspecies (28%) were the prevalent pathogens. Levels of resistance to Imipenem, Meropenem were 16%, 12%for Pseudomonas spp., 43%, 62% for Acinetobacter spp. An association of Pseudomonas infection with type II diabetes was significant. Acinetobacter spp. Mostly isolated from patients with aspiration pneumonia and ventilator associated pneumonia.
Conclusion: NFGNB are emerging as major nosocomial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary as carbapenem resistance is on rise.
KEYWORDS: Non fermenting gram negative bacilli; Acinetobacter; Pseudomonas; risk factors.
REFERENCES
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2.Samanta P, Gautam V, Thapar R, Ray P. Emerging resistance of non‑fermenting gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care centre. Indian J PatholMicrobiol 2011; 54:666‑7.
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5.Aprameya IV. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas .J AcadClinMicrobiol 2013;15:59-61.
6.Memish ZA, Shibl AM, Kambal AM, Ohaly YA, Ishaq A, Livermore DM.Antimicrobial resistance among non‑fermenting Gram‑negative bacteria in Saudi Arabia. J Antimicrob Chemother2012;67:1701‑5.
7.Deepak J et al. Prevalence of non fermenting gram negative bacilli and their in vitro susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand: A study from foothills of Himalayas. Saudi Journal for Health Sciences. 2013 May-Aug ;Vol 2: Issue 2.
8.Samanta P, Gautam V, Thapar R, Ray P. Emerging resistance of non-fermenting gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2011; 54:666-7.
9.Chang TY1, Lee CH, Liu JW.Clinical characteristics and risk factors for fatality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2010 Jun; 43(3):233-9.
10.Upgade A, Prabhu N, Gopi V, Soundararajan N. Current status of antibiotic resistant nonfermentative gram negative bacilli among nosocomial infections. AdvApplSci Res. 2012; 3:738-42.
11.SevithaBhat, Renu Sharma, Zenith Euphemia. Carbapenem resistance in clinically significant non fermenting gram negative bacilli. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2013; 2(47):9131-9134.
12.Gladstone P, Rajendran P, Brahmadathan KN. Incidence of carbapenem resistant nonfermenting gram negative bacilli from patients with respiratory infections in the intensive care units. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005; 23:189-91.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Meghna C,BhatSevitha ,Vidyalakshmi K.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.