DocumentsDate added
Original article:
Ofem E. Ofem1, Victor U. Nna1,*, Victor O. Oka1, Archibong N. Archibong1, Stella C. Bassey2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
Victor U. Nna
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Article citation:
Ofem OE, Nna VU, Oka VO, Archibong AN, Bassey SC. Vitamin C and E Supplementation Reverses Alterations in Haematological Indices Induced by High Salt Loading in Rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):763-768. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: High salt intake has been linked with deleterious effects on the body, especially on arterial blood pressure and red blood cell hemolysis. Since vitamins C & E are acclaimed anti-oxidant vitamins, their ameliorating effects on the menace of high salt loading is suggestive. This study therefore seeks to investigate the impact of vitamin C & E supplementation on haematological indices in high salt loaded rats.
Methodology: Twenty four male albino Wistar rats weighing 180 - 200 g were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) as follows; control (fed with normal rat chow + drinking water), control + vitamin C and E group (10mg/100g bw vitamin C and 83.8mg/100g bw vitamin E, in addition to control diet), salt – fed (SF) group (8% NaCl diet + 1% NaCl drinking water), salt – fed treated (SF + Vitamin C & E) group (8% NaCl diet + 1% drinking water in addition to 10mg/100g bw vitamin C and 83.8mg/100g bw vitamin E). After 42 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for measurement of haematological indices.
Results: Red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution wide-standard deviation (RDW-SD) and red cell distribution wide-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SF group compared with control. RDW-SD and RDW-CV were significantly (P<0.05) lower in SF + Vitamin C & E group compared with SF group. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the SF + Vitamin C & E group compared with SF group. Neutrophils count was significantly (P<0.05) increased in SF + Vitamin C & E group compared with control, Vitamin C & E and SF group.
Conclusion: Vitamin C & E supplementation reversed the changes in RBC and RBC indices occasioned by high salt loading, but potentiated the effects of high salt loading on WBC and platelet indices in rats.
KEYWORDS: Platelets; red blood cells; salt; vitamin C; vitamin E; white blood cells.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Original article
Ambedkar Raj Kulandai Velu, MD1.,Banushree C Srinivasamurthy1,*,†, MD, DNB.,Sundaram A2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
†Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Dumduma, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
2Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
2. Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Banushree CS.
Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
Article citation:
Velu A RK, Srinivasamurthy BC, Sundaram A. Uterine fibroid tumours and associated changes in endometrium and myometrium: a three year prospective study in a tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):797-805. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: This study is designed to investigate how common and specific are the endometrial changes in case of leimyoma and their diagnostic value.
Aims: To know the site wise distribution of leiomyoma, histomorphological pattern of endometrium in leiomyoma in relation to last menstrual period ( LMP) and age associated changes in myometrium.
Methods: A prospective descriptive study was done in the department of pathology, Stanley medical college, Chennai between 2003-2006. A total of 1680 hysterectomy specimens were received of which 375 specimen with intact endometrium and leiomyoma was taken up for the study. A brief clinical history pertaining to parity and LMP was recorded. Received specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Fixed tissue was processed, stained with haematoxylin- eosin and examined under microscope.
Results: Out of 1680 specimens, 465 had leiomyoma. 90 specimens were excluded. Of 375 specimens, 30-49 age groups formed the largest. Intramural fibroid was common (47.2%) and subserosal fibroid was least common (4.87%). Multiple fibroids were seen in 99 specimens (26.4%). 45.6 % showed proliferative endometrium, irregular proliferative phase in 5.6%, 24.8% simple hyperplasia without atypia, 0.8% complex hyperplasia without atypia, 0.8% senile cystic hyperplasia, 2.4% showed early secretory phase, 13.6 % late secretory phase and 6.4 % showed atrophic endometrium. Associated adenomyosis was seen in 108 cases (28.8 %).
Conclusion: Uterine leiomyomas were associated with adenomyosis in 28.8 % substantiating the hypothesis of hormonal dependency of leiomyomas and conservative approach to leiomyoma could lead to treatment failure in such cases. Persistent proliferative phase and simple hyperplasia was seen in 67 % of cases beyond 15 days of LMP which explains the hyperestrogenic state responsible for menstrual disturbance and reproductive failure. There was no association between leiomyoma and endometrial carcinoma.
KEYWORDS: Leiomyoma; adenomyosis; endometrial hyperplasia; menstrual cycle; hysterectomy.
REFERENCES
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11.Day Baird D, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM: High cumulative incidence ofuterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 188(1): 100-7.
12.Gull B, Karlson B, Milsom I, Gramberg S.Factors associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size in random samples of postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 2001;185(2):386-91.
13.Blake R E. Leiomyomata uteri: hormonal and molecular determinants of growth. J Natl Med Assoc 2007;99:1170-84.
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17.Rowlands IJ, Nagle CM, Spurdle AB, Webb PM.Gynecological conditions and the risk of endometrial cancer Gynaecol Oncol.2011;123(3):537-41.
18.Bergholt T, Eriksen L, Berendt N, Jacobsen M, Hertz JB. Prevalence and risk factors of adenomyosis at hysterectomy. Hum Reprod 2001;16:2418-21.
19.Rahat Sarfraz, M Sarfraz Ahmed, Farrukh Kamal, Ameena Afsar. Pattern of benign morphological myometrial lesions in total abdominal hysterectomy specimens. Biomedica 2010; 26: 140-143.
20.Ben Aissia N, Berriri H, Gara F. Adenomyosis: analysis of 35 cases. Tunis Med 2001;79:447-51.
21.Raju GC, Narayan singh V, Woo J, Jankey N. Adenomyosis Uteri: A Study of 416 Cases. Aust NZ J obstet Gynaecol 1988;28(1):72-3.
Copyright © 2014 Velu A RK, Srinivasamurthy BC, Sundaram A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Priyanka Joshi1* M.Sc., Harnam Kaur2 MD, Rajesh Pandey2 MD, Jasbir Singh2 MD, Kuldip Singh Sodhi2 MD
Affiliation:-
1*MSc MLT (Intern), 2Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana., India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Priyanka Joshi
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Criteria for inclusion in the authors'/ contributors' list: 1*Research work, data acquisition, statistical analysis, 2Concept and design, manuscript preparation and editing.
Article citation:
Joshi P, Kaur H, Pandey R, Singh J, Sodhi KS. To estimate serum vitamin C Level in non-alcoholic chronic smokers and compare it with non-smokers. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(09):825-827. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Context: Tobacco smoking is associated with deficiency of antioxidants in the body.
Aims: To estimate serum vitamin C level in non-alcoholic chronic smokers and compare it with non-smokers.
Setting and Design: Prospective cross sectional study in rural setting of Haryana.
Material and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, on the staff members and students of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana (Ambala). The study was conducted for a period of one year from March 2013 to March 2014. Total number of 60 subjects between the age of 18 to 60 years were selected and divided into two groups. Group 1: 30 subjects; healthy non-alcoholic chronic smokers and Group 2: 30 subjects, healthy non-alcoholic non-smokers. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from antecubital vein under aseptic conditions from each subject into plain vials. Serum was separated and used for estimation of vitamin C by colorimetry.
Statistical analysis: By SPSS version 12 [SPSS v12 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)].
Results: Serum vitamin C levels were lower in smokers (0.24 ± 0.18 mg %) as compared to non-smokers (1.38 ± 0.51 mg %) and the difference was highly significant (p = 0.000). The age, weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) did not affect the level of vitamin C.
Conclusion: Smokers have a significantly lower level of vitamin C as compared to non-smokers and may need supplementation.
KEYWORDS: Ascorbic acid, Vitamin C, Smokers, Reactive oxygen species, Reactive nitrogen species.
Source of support: None
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18.Li N, Jia X, Chen CY, Blumberg JB, Song Y, Zhang W et al. Almond consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in male smokers. J Nutr. 2007; 137(12): 2717–22.
19. Chow CK, Thacker RR, Changchit C, Bridges RB, Rehm SR, Humble J et al. Lower levels of vitamin C and carotenes in plasma of cigarette smokers. J Am Coll Nutr. 1986; 5(3): 305-12.
Copyright © 2014 Joshi P, Kaur H, Pandey R, Singh J, Sodhi KS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Sadraddin Rasi Hashemi MD1, Hamid Noshad MD1*, Mohsen Mohammadi MD2
Affiliation:-
1Chronic Kidney disease research Center, connective tissue diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed: 1.Chronic Kidney disease research Center, connective tissue diseases research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2.Faculty of medicine, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Address reprint requests to Dr.Hamid Noshad. Chronic kidney disease research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran or at Tel: 00984115415023, Mobile: 00989143115927,
Article citation:
Hashemi SR, Noshad H, Mohammadi M. The correlation of uric acid serum level and arterio-venous fistula failure in patients with ESRD. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):813-817. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In end-stage renal disease, “Uremic syndrome" leads to death unless the toxins are removed and water and electrolyte imbalances treated by renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation). In patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, existence of a good access line is essential. AVF is the most common accesses line and its failure may lead to life threatening events. Some risk factors are mentioned for AVF failure, one of them maybe is elevated serum uric acid level.
Methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional analysis. We studied 140 patients with ESRD, who were hemodialyzed via AVF during 3.5 years retrospectively. Their demographic characteristics, smoking, duration of HD, history of previous AVF insertion also lab data like uric acid, lipid profile, blood sugar, albumin, urea, creatinine and dialysis efficacy were recorded for further analysis.
Results: Twenty seven(27) patients had previous history of fistula failure. Mean serum uric acid level in patients with and without AVF failure was 8.05±1.78 and 6.50±1.15mg/dl respectively (P= 0.001).Cholesterol level in patients with and without AVF failure was 186.81±56.80 and 173 ±31.98 mg/ dl respectively and difference was not significant (P=0.09).
Conclusion: It seems that serum uric acid level is an important factor for AVF failures, so its control is recommended in ESRD patients. KEYWORDS: ESRD; Hemodialysis; AVF.
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Source of support: None Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Ruba N. Shdeed1,*, Mahrous S. Mohamed1, Ekram M. Hassan2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
2Department of Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Address reprint requests to
Ruba N. Shdeed.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Article citation:
Shdeed RN, Hassan EM, Mahrous MS. Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Binary Mixture Containing Cefixime and Ornidazole. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):786-796. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of the binary mixture containing cefixime and ornidazole in a combined dosage form without prior separation. The first method is the zero-crossing derivative method (D) where cefixime was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 309.5 nm, 318.6 nm and 277 nm, in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 246.5 nm and 297.4 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. While ornidazole was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 291.5 nm, 286.2 nm and 284.5 nm in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 312 nm and 306.9 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. The second method is the derivative ratio method (DD) where cefixime and ornidazole were determined in methanolic solutions by measuring the amplitudes of DD1 at 274 nm and 251 nm, respectively; and DD2 amplitudes in aqueous solutions at 252.5 nm and 278.3 nm, respectively; while the amplitude measurement of DD3 was only successful in cefixime determination in the latter solution at 306.9nm. Also, DD1 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions at 310 nm and 286.9nm for cefixime and ornidazole, respectively; while DD2 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions was useful in ornidazole determination at 276 nm. The methods were linear over the concentration range 4.0-20.0 μgml-1 cefixime and 6.0-30.0 μgml-1 ornidazole. The described methods are rapid, accurate, simple and precise and can be used for quality control of such mixture.
KEYWORDS: Cefixime; ornidazole; binary mixture; derivative method; derivative ratio method.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Shdeed RN, Hassan EM,Mahrous MS This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.