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Original article
Anju Ade1,*, Shivanand V H2, Ramesh Patil3
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor, Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
2Lecturer in NET Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
3Assistant Professor (Statistics), Ashwini Medical College, Solapur, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
2.NET Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Anju Ade,
Associate professor,
Community Medicine Department, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
Article citation:
Ade A,Shivanand V H,Patil R. Nutritional status of rural school children in Raichur District, Karnataka,India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(09):781-785. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
For this study,we calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI) of school children to assess their nutritional status. A total of 299 school children were present during the visit. Out of these students, 105(45.9%) were males and 124(54.1%) were females with high rates of thinness of 101(96.19%) and 116(93.54%) in boys and girls respectively. Socio-demographic factors like education of father, monthly family income and housing were significantly associated with nutritional status of children.
KEYWORDS: Anthropometry; Nutritional status; Rural children; Body mass index.
Source of support: None
REFERENCES
1.UNICEF. Malnutrition: Causes, consequences and solution. The state of the world’s children 1998. Available at www.unicef.org/sowc98/ sowc98.pdf.(Assessed on 9/08/2014 at 11.20pm).
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3.Park K. Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine 21st ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot Publications;2011.
4.Aravind Gowda. Karnataka: Gold mine town Raichur tops malnutrition death chart. Bangalore, October 3, 2011.Available from indiatoday.intoday.in/ story/malnutrition-death-in-karnataka-kids-die/ 1/153489.html.(Assessed on 28/07/2014 at 11pm)
5.Cole T. J., Flegal K. M., Nicholls D., and Jackson A. A., Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey, British Medical Journal.2007;335(7612):194–197.
6.Palanisamy Navaneethan, Thiagarajan Kalaivani, Chandrasekaran Rajasekaran, Nautiyal Sunil. Nutritional status of children in rural India: a case study from Tamil Nadu, first in the world to initiate the Mid-Day Meal scheme.2011;3(10):647-655.
7.Hasan, Izhar. A Study of prevalence of malnutrition in government School children in the field area of Azad nagar Bangalore, India. Available from Nature Precedings<http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2010.5009.1>(2010).
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11.Rahman M, Mostofa G, Nasrin SO. Nutritional status among children aged 24–59 months in rural Bangladesh: An assessment measured by BMI index. Internet J Biol Anthropol.2009; 3(1).
12.Randhir Vishnupant Dhobale, Yugantara Ramesh Kadam, Alka Dilip Gore, Girish Bhimrao Dhumale. Pattern of BMI in school going children from rural area. Innovative journal of medical and health science. Available from Journal homepage: http://www.innovativejournal.in/index.php/ijmhs.
13.Ali SS,Karim N,Haider SS. Association of literacy of fathers with malnutrition among children under three years of age in rural area of district Malir, Karachi. Med Channel.2005;11(1):26-29.
14.Kikafunda JK, Walker AF, Collett D, Tumwine JK. Risk factors for early childhood malnutrition in Uganda. Pediatrics.
15.Jeyaseelan L. and Lakshman M. Risk factors for malnutrition in south Indian children. Journal of Biosocial Science.1997;29(01):93-100.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Ade A, Shivanand V H, Patil R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Rajyalakshmi Gunti1* †.MD,Durga Rani Arava2.MD,K .VenkataRamana3,†.MBBS,DNB,DMRD
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
†Consultant, Swathi Imaging and Diagnostics, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
2Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
3Assosciate professor, Department of Radiology, KIMS, Amalapuram, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
†Technical director and Consultant, Swathi Imaging and Diagnostics, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
Swathi Imaging and Diagnostics, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001.
Address reprint requests to
Dr. G. RAJYALAKSHMI,MD
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India-533001
Article citation:
Gunti R, Arava DR, Ramana KV. Prevalence of extended spectrum β-Lactamases among Escherichia coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae in and around Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):773-775. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Extended spectrum β–lactamases (ESBLs) continue to be a major problem worldwide conferring resistance to the expanded spectrum cephalosporins. As no data is available in this area an attempt was made to know the prevalence of ESBL producers among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in and around Kakinada. A total of 469 Escherichia coli and 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied over a two year period from March 2012 to February 2014. ESBL production was identified in 73.1% of E.coli and 58.8% of K.pneumoniae. As a large number of isolates were found to be ESBL producers in the present study, continued monitoring of drug resistance is recommended for proper disease management.
KEYWORDS: Extended spectrum β–lactamases; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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1.Thomson KS. Controversies about extended-spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamases. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:333-6.
2.Bush K, Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. A functional classification scheme for β-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:1211-33.
3.Spanu T, Luzzaro F, Perilli M, Anicosante G, Tonioto A, Fadda G, et al. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in members of the family Enerobacteriaceae in Italy: Implications for resistance to β-lactamases and other antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:196-202.
4.Subha A, Ananthan S. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase mediated resistance to third generationcephalosporins among Klebsiellapneumoniae in Chennai. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2002;20:92-5.
5.Mathur P, Tatman A, Das B, Dhawan B. Prevalence of extended beta lactamase producing gram negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Res. 2002;115:153-7.
6.Jain A,Roy I, Gupta MK, Agarval SK. Prevalence of extended spectrum-β-lactamase producing gram negative bacteria in septicaemic neonates in a tertiary care hospital. J Med Microbiol. 2003;52:421-5.
7.Tankhiwale SS, Jalgaonkar SV, Ahamad S, Hassani U. Evaluation of extended spectrum- β-lactamase in urinary isolates. Indian J Med Res. 2004;120:553-6.
8.BabypadminiS, Appalaraju B. Extended spectrum β-lactamases in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae – Prevalence and susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2004;22:172-4.
9.Ananthakrishnan AN, Knungo R, Kumar A, Badrinath S. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase proucers among surgical wound infections and burns patients in JIPMER. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2004;18:160-5.
10.T Menon, D Bindu, CPG Kumar, S Nalini, MA Thirunarayan. Comparison of double disc and three dimensional methods to screen for ESBL producers in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2004;24:117-120.
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12.A Bhattacharjee, MR Sen, P Prakash, A Gaur, S Anupurba. “Increased prevalence of Extended spectrum β-lactamase producers in neonatal septicaemic cases at a tertiary referral hospital”. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26(4):356-60.
Copyright © 2014 Gunti R, Arava DR, Ramana KV. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Ruba N. Shdeed1,*, Mahrous S. Mohamed1, Ekram M. Hassan2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
2Department of Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Address reprint requests to
Ruba N. Shdeed.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Article citation:
Shdeed RN, Hassan EM, Mahrous MS. Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Binary Mixture Containing Cefixime and Ornidazole. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):786-796. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of the binary mixture containing cefixime and ornidazole in a combined dosage form without prior separation. The first method is the zero-crossing derivative method (D) where cefixime was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 309.5 nm, 318.6 nm and 277 nm, in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 246.5 nm and 297.4 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. While ornidazole was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 291.5 nm, 286.2 nm and 284.5 nm in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 312 nm and 306.9 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. The second method is the derivative ratio method (DD) where cefixime and ornidazole were determined in methanolic solutions by measuring the amplitudes of DD1 at 274 nm and 251 nm, respectively; and DD2 amplitudes in aqueous solutions at 252.5 nm and 278.3 nm, respectively; while the amplitude measurement of DD3 was only successful in cefixime determination in the latter solution at 306.9nm. Also, DD1 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions at 310 nm and 286.9nm for cefixime and ornidazole, respectively; while DD2 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions was useful in ornidazole determination at 276 nm. The methods were linear over the concentration range 4.0-20.0 μgml-1 cefixime and 6.0-30.0 μgml-1 ornidazole. The described methods are rapid, accurate, simple and precise and can be used for quality control of such mixture.
KEYWORDS: Cefixime; ornidazole; binary mixture; derivative method; derivative ratio method.
REFERENCES
1.Tripathi, K.D. Essential of Medical Pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, Fifth edition, New Delhi, 2003.
2.Salinas, F., Berzas Nevado, J.J. and Espinosa Mansilla. A. A new spectrophotometric method for the quantitative multicomponent analysis resolution of mixtures of salicylic acid and salicyluric acids. 1990; Talanta, 37,347.
3.Connors, AK. Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. Wiley Interscience, New York, 1973;179: 1235.
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9.Budavoni, S. The Merck Index, thirteenth edition, 2001.
10.Zhang, M., Moore, G.A., Gardiner, S.J. and Begg, E.J. Determination of celecoxib in human plasma and breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed Appl., 2006; 830, 245-248.
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12.European Drug Index, Fourth edition, European Society of Clinical Pharmacy, Deutscher Apotheker Verlag Stuttgart, 1997; 826.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Shdeed RN, Hassan EM,Mahrous MS This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sadraddin Rasi Hashemi MD1, Hamid Noshad MD1*, Mohsen Mohammadi MD2
Affiliation:-
1Chronic Kidney disease research Center, connective tissue diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed: 1.Chronic Kidney disease research Center, connective tissue diseases research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2.Faculty of medicine, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Address reprint requests to Dr.Hamid Noshad. Chronic kidney disease research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran or at Tel: 00984115415023, Mobile: 00989143115927,
Article citation:
Hashemi SR, Noshad H, Mohammadi M. The correlation of uric acid serum level and arterio-venous fistula failure in patients with ESRD. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):813-817. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In end-stage renal disease, “Uremic syndrome" leads to death unless the toxins are removed and water and electrolyte imbalances treated by renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation). In patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, existence of a good access line is essential. AVF is the most common accesses line and its failure may lead to life threatening events. Some risk factors are mentioned for AVF failure, one of them maybe is elevated serum uric acid level.
Methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional analysis. We studied 140 patients with ESRD, who were hemodialyzed via AVF during 3.5 years retrospectively. Their demographic characteristics, smoking, duration of HD, history of previous AVF insertion also lab data like uric acid, lipid profile, blood sugar, albumin, urea, creatinine and dialysis efficacy were recorded for further analysis.
Results: Twenty seven(27) patients had previous history of fistula failure. Mean serum uric acid level in patients with and without AVF failure was 8.05±1.78 and 6.50±1.15mg/dl respectively (P= 0.001).Cholesterol level in patients with and without AVF failure was 186.81±56.80 and 173 ±31.98 mg/ dl respectively and difference was not significant (P=0.09).
Conclusion: It seems that serum uric acid level is an important factor for AVF failures, so its control is recommended in ESRD patients. KEYWORDS: ESRD; Hemodialysis; AVF.
REFERENCES
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Source of support: None Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Research article
Priyanka Joshi1* M.Sc., Harnam Kaur2 MD, Rajesh Pandey2 MD, Jasbir Singh2 MD, Kuldip Singh Sodhi2 MD
Affiliation:-
1*MSc MLT (Intern), 2Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana., India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Priyanka Joshi
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Criteria for inclusion in the authors'/ contributors' list: 1*Research work, data acquisition, statistical analysis, 2Concept and design, manuscript preparation and editing.
Article citation:
Joshi P, Kaur H, Pandey R, Singh J, Sodhi KS. To estimate serum vitamin C Level in non-alcoholic chronic smokers and compare it with non-smokers. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(09):825-827. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Context: Tobacco smoking is associated with deficiency of antioxidants in the body.
Aims: To estimate serum vitamin C level in non-alcoholic chronic smokers and compare it with non-smokers.
Setting and Design: Prospective cross sectional study in rural setting of Haryana.
Material and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, on the staff members and students of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana (Ambala). The study was conducted for a period of one year from March 2013 to March 2014. Total number of 60 subjects between the age of 18 to 60 years were selected and divided into two groups. Group 1: 30 subjects; healthy non-alcoholic chronic smokers and Group 2: 30 subjects, healthy non-alcoholic non-smokers. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from antecubital vein under aseptic conditions from each subject into plain vials. Serum was separated and used for estimation of vitamin C by colorimetry.
Statistical analysis: By SPSS version 12 [SPSS v12 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)].
Results: Serum vitamin C levels were lower in smokers (0.24 ± 0.18 mg %) as compared to non-smokers (1.38 ± 0.51 mg %) and the difference was highly significant (p = 0.000). The age, weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) did not affect the level of vitamin C.
Conclusion: Smokers have a significantly lower level of vitamin C as compared to non-smokers and may need supplementation.
KEYWORDS: Ascorbic acid, Vitamin C, Smokers, Reactive oxygen species, Reactive nitrogen species.
Source of support: None
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Copyright © 2014 Joshi P, Kaur H, Pandey R, Singh J, Sodhi KS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.