DocumentsDate added
Research article:
Asha A Dharwadkar*, Bindu. C.B, Anand R Dharwadkar
Affiliation:-
Professor, Department of Physiology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Physiology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala,India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr.Asha A.Dharwadkar.
Professor, Department of Physiology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
Article citation:
Dharwadkar AA,Chenmarathy BB,Dharwadkar AR. A Comparative Study of breath holding time as an Index of Central Ventilatory Response in young Healthy Adults of both Sexes. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):806-812. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Relationship of anthropometrical parameters & sex to BHT is not reported in any studies done so far. A comparative study was carried out to evaluate Breath holding time [BHT] upto breakpoint as an index of central ventilatory response in young healthy adults of both sexes[n=99; female 59; male 40]. The anthropometrical parameters, resting RR [breaths/min] & BHT [ seconds] after deep inspiration upto break point were recorded before & after deep breathing session [i.e. at the rate of 6 breaths /min for 5 minutes].Statistical analysis was done with the help of SPSS 16th version by both Paired& Unpaired Students’ ‘t’ test; and correlation. P<0.05 is considered as significant.It is observed that BHT measured at Total lung capacity did not show any correlation to anthropometrical parameters like Height [cms], Weight [Kgs], BSA [m2], BMI [kg/m2] either in females or males on separate analysis. The proportionately decreased BHT in females, in both recordings taken before & after deep breathing session, indicates increased sensitivity of respiratory center in females, attributable to oestrogen primed progesterone action. Normal RR with decreased BHT indicates the possibility of the renal regulatory mechanisms trying to maintain a state of chronic respiratory alkalosis in females. Awareness of the presence of Chronic respiratory alkalosis status existing in normal young females, more so during pregnancy, may help clinicians for better evaluation & management. So BHT [at TLC] & Respiratory rate together may act as an index of central ventilatory response, inturn the sensitivity of respiratory center.
KEYWORDS: Anthropometry; Body mass index; Body weight; Break point; Breath holding; Central ventilatory response; Progesterone; Respiratory center.
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ABBREVIATIONS:
Respiratory rate[RR], Breath holding time [BHT],Total lung capacity[TLC].
Copyright © 2014 Dharwadkar AA,Chenmarathy BB,Dharwadkar AR. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Ambedkar Raj Kulandai Velu, MD1.,Banushree C Srinivasamurthy1,*,†, MD, DNB.,Sundaram A2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
†Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Dumduma, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
2Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
2. Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Banushree CS.
Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India
Article citation:
Velu A RK, Srinivasamurthy BC, Sundaram A. Uterine fibroid tumours and associated changes in endometrium and myometrium: a three year prospective study in a tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):797-805. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: This study is designed to investigate how common and specific are the endometrial changes in case of leimyoma and their diagnostic value.
Aims: To know the site wise distribution of leiomyoma, histomorphological pattern of endometrium in leiomyoma in relation to last menstrual period ( LMP) and age associated changes in myometrium.
Methods: A prospective descriptive study was done in the department of pathology, Stanley medical college, Chennai between 2003-2006. A total of 1680 hysterectomy specimens were received of which 375 specimen with intact endometrium and leiomyoma was taken up for the study. A brief clinical history pertaining to parity and LMP was recorded. Received specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Fixed tissue was processed, stained with haematoxylin- eosin and examined under microscope.
Results: Out of 1680 specimens, 465 had leiomyoma. 90 specimens were excluded. Of 375 specimens, 30-49 age groups formed the largest. Intramural fibroid was common (47.2%) and subserosal fibroid was least common (4.87%). Multiple fibroids were seen in 99 specimens (26.4%). 45.6 % showed proliferative endometrium, irregular proliferative phase in 5.6%, 24.8% simple hyperplasia without atypia, 0.8% complex hyperplasia without atypia, 0.8% senile cystic hyperplasia, 2.4% showed early secretory phase, 13.6 % late secretory phase and 6.4 % showed atrophic endometrium. Associated adenomyosis was seen in 108 cases (28.8 %).
Conclusion: Uterine leiomyomas were associated with adenomyosis in 28.8 % substantiating the hypothesis of hormonal dependency of leiomyomas and conservative approach to leiomyoma could lead to treatment failure in such cases. Persistent proliferative phase and simple hyperplasia was seen in 67 % of cases beyond 15 days of LMP which explains the hyperestrogenic state responsible for menstrual disturbance and reproductive failure. There was no association between leiomyoma and endometrial carcinoma.
KEYWORDS: Leiomyoma; adenomyosis; endometrial hyperplasia; menstrual cycle; hysterectomy.
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Copyright © 2014 Velu A RK, Srinivasamurthy BC, Sundaram A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Ruba N. Shdeed1,*, Mahrous S. Mohamed1, Ekram M. Hassan2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
2Department of Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Address reprint requests to
Ruba N. Shdeed.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Article citation:
Shdeed RN, Hassan EM, Mahrous MS. Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Binary Mixture Containing Cefixime and Ornidazole. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):786-796. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of the binary mixture containing cefixime and ornidazole in a combined dosage form without prior separation. The first method is the zero-crossing derivative method (D) where cefixime was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 309.5 nm, 318.6 nm and 277 nm, in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 246.5 nm and 297.4 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. While ornidazole was determined by measuring the D1 amplitudes at 291.5 nm, 286.2 nm and 284.5 nm in methanolic, aqueous and acidic solutions, respectively; and the D2 amplitudes at 312 nm and 306.9 nm, in methanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. The second method is the derivative ratio method (DD) where cefixime and ornidazole were determined in methanolic solutions by measuring the amplitudes of DD1 at 274 nm and 251 nm, respectively; and DD2 amplitudes in aqueous solutions at 252.5 nm and 278.3 nm, respectively; while the amplitude measurement of DD3 was only successful in cefixime determination in the latter solution at 306.9nm. Also, DD1 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions at 310 nm and 286.9nm for cefixime and ornidazole, respectively; while DD2 amplitude measurements of the acidic solutions was useful in ornidazole determination at 276 nm. The methods were linear over the concentration range 4.0-20.0 μgml-1 cefixime and 6.0-30.0 μgml-1 ornidazole. The described methods are rapid, accurate, simple and precise and can be used for quality control of such mixture.
KEYWORDS: Cefixime; ornidazole; binary mixture; derivative method; derivative ratio method.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Shdeed RN, Hassan EM,Mahrous MS This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Anju Ade1,*, Shivanand V H2, Ramesh Patil3
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor, Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
2Lecturer in NET Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
3Assistant Professor (Statistics), Ashwini Medical College, Solapur, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
2.NET Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Anju Ade,
Associate professor,
Community Medicine Department, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka-584103, India
Article citation:
Ade A,Shivanand V H,Patil R. Nutritional status of rural school children in Raichur District, Karnataka,India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(09):781-785. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
For this study,we calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI) of school children to assess their nutritional status. A total of 299 school children were present during the visit. Out of these students, 105(45.9%) were males and 124(54.1%) were females with high rates of thinness of 101(96.19%) and 116(93.54%) in boys and girls respectively. Socio-demographic factors like education of father, monthly family income and housing were significantly associated with nutritional status of children.
KEYWORDS: Anthropometry; Nutritional status; Rural children; Body mass index.
Source of support: None
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Ade A, Shivanand V H, Patil R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Jayesh Warade MD1,*,Aparna Pandey PhD2
Affiliation:-
1Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, India
2Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Jayesh Warade
F-4, 2nd Floor, Meenu Enclave,
T. M. Nagar, Melur Road, Madurai, 625107 Tamilnadu, India
Article citation:
Warade J,Pandey A. Diurnal Variation of TSH: Factor Affecting Interpretation of Test. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014;04(09):776-780. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: TSH test is the most common hormonal test prescribed in clinical set up. A lot of variations are noted in TSH value if the sample is collected at different times of the day. The interpretation results may lead to misclassification of patients into hypo, hyper or euthyroid category. Here in this study, we have studied the effect of time of sample collection - fasting and non-fasting state and at different time of the day. Material Methods: Total numbers of 227 subjects were included in the study. Three plain samples were collected from each patient: first at 6:00 am fasting sample; the second sample at 12:00 pm and third sample was collected on special request at 18:00 pm. The age group included was 25 - 45 years, both male and female subjects were included. Results: The data obtained is analysed using one way ANOVA test and it is found that there is a significant difference in TSH value when samples collected at 6:00am (fasting), 12:00pm and at 18:00pm. TSH shows a diurnal variation. Its concentration is affected by circadian rhythm. TSH concentrations are low during the daytime, increase in the evening, and peak shortly before sleep. TSH is released in pulses every 60-90 minutes over the course of the day. The half life of TSH may vary between different individuals. Conclusion: It is recommended that while evaluating TSH status timed sample should be collected preferably in fasting state. The practice of collecting fasting sample usually happens in the morning, which eliminates known variation of thyroid hormone levels later in the day.
KEYWORDS: Circadian; Pulses; metabolic; hypothyroidism; fasting.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Warade J, Pandey A.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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