DocumentsDate added
Original article
Kranthi Kumar G1,*, Tripura Lakshmi J2, Bindu Garg3, Ashish Goel3
Affiliation:-
1Demonstrator, 3Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India
2Demonstrator, Department of Physiology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, U.P.,India
4Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Shri Dev Suman Subharti Medical College, Dehradun, UP.,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Physiology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India
2.Department of Physiology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, U.P., India
3.Departmtent of Physiology, Shri Dev Suman Subharti Medical College, Dehradun, U.K., India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Kranthi Kumar Garikapati.
Department of Physiology, SRMS IMS, Bareilly, U.P, India
Article citation: Garikapati KK, Lakshmi T, Garg B, Goel A. Study of mean cardiac axis of electrocardiogram on young Adults. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):887-893. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Obesity is a condition with excess of body fat in an individual. As per WHO data in 2005 there were about 400 million obese adults worldwide. Obesity is a most important predisposing factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Determination of mean cardiac axis (MCA) assisted in the diagnosis of early changes in the cardiovascular system. Obese people tend to have high resting heart rate, high blood pressure and leftward shift of the mean cardiac axis.
Aims: The present study was aimed to describe the impact of obesity on blood pressure and mean cardiac axis in healthy young adult individuals.
Materials and Methods: The study included 71 young adult individuals with age between 18-30 years. These were divided into 5 categories as per WHO classification of body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric parameters, pulse and blood pressure were recorded. MCA was determined from the standard bipolar limb lead electrocardiogram.
Statistical analysis: Using Microsoft Excel 10 data was analyzed. Values were depicted as mean ± SD & Pearson correlation was performed.
Results: It was noted that body surface area (BSA), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), systolic & diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) increased with increment in BMI. It was also noted that MCA showed a leftward shift when normal BMI subjects were compared with obese subjects, though it was still within the normal range. BMI, BSA and WC had a significant negative correlation with mean cardiac axis.
Conclusion: Obesity based on BMI and WC adversely affects the blood pressure and mean cardiac axis.
KEYWORDS: Obesity; Mean cardiac axis; Electrocardiogram; Body mass index; Waist circumference.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Garikapati KK, Lakshmi T,Garg B, Goel A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
ShuklaSK1,*, Singh HK2, Singh R3, Anand Mohan Dixit4, Kaushik A5, Harsh Bardhan6
Affiliation:-
*1Associate Professor, 4Asistant Professor, 5Assistant Professor, 6Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., India
2Associate Professor, Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchsheel Nagar, U.P.
3Reader, Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, Varanasi ,U.P, India
2. Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchil Nagar, U.P, India
3. Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sushil Kumar Shukla.
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (UP RIMS & R), Saifai, Etawah, U. P, India-206301, India
Article citation:
Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. Statistical Model For Desireness of Additional Child. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):861-870. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
In our society, children are considered as an important part of the standard of living of most families. Most of the couples expect children to act as their successor as well as the preserver of new generation. Most married couples want their own children and they proceed to bear and rear them. The sacrifices made by parents in bearing children and the investment they make in their care, health and education are substantial part of family decisions and parents derive satisfaction and productive services from their children.
Objective: The objective of the present paper is to study the desire of more children pertaining to demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households in Uttar Pradesh.
Result: Approximately 45.0% of respondents had more than two children. However, 38.4% and 19.9% of respondents had less than and exactly two children respectively. Among the respondents having less than two children, the 92% population showed desire for another child; however, around 52% among the respondents had exactly two children. Out of total sample selected, 80% of population resided in rural areas while 20% in urban areas. Thirty seven percent of the couples residing in urban areas demanded for another child while the corresponding figure for rural area was 54%. The educational status of women can reduce the demand of additional child and in maintaining family size. The regression coefficient of no education and middle education are 0.607 and 0.269 respectively, with reference category (highest education of ever married women). The odds ratio corresponding to no education and middle education are 1.836 and 1.309, respectively, which indicates the demand for additional child is inversely proportional to educational level. Among the religious groups, 84% of respondents were Hindu and 16% non-Hindu. Through NFHS-2, probability of contraceptive use was higher among Hindus than non-Hindus and the results were statistically significant. The logistic regression coefficient corresponding to the numbers of living children below 2 and above 2 are 1.534 and -1.300, respectively, and are statistically significant. Number of living children exactly 2 is considered as the reference category because in order to achieve the replacement level fertility the number of living children should not exceed 2. The odds ratios of below 2, and above 2 children, are 4.637 and 0.273. The results indicate that women were having less than 2 children had higher and women having more than 2 children had lower demand for additional child with respect to women having 2 children.
Conclusion: Demand of the child was highest in women having no formal education. Desire of additional child was higher in SC/ST, female children, no education, last child dead, non-Hindu, low standard living index and rural areas. Therefore, the positive impact of family planning programme and importance of smaller family norm should be included in the curriculum of education especially in the secondary level and motivational activities should be targeted to reduce these differentials.
KEYWORDS: Logistic Regression; Multivariate Analysis; Probabilistic Model, NFHS.
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Copyright © 2014 Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
MrwaYousif Hassan1,*.,Wafa Ibrahim Alhag2
Affiliation:-
1MSc. Student, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
2Assistant professor, Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
Author’s contributions:
Study idea, design, practical, analysis, writing of manuscript and editing all by author 1 and the supervision of the research and correction and revising of paper by author 2.
Core tip:
Laboratory technologists are one of the health workers at risk for hepatitis infections. Some of the risk factors associated with HBV infection include duration of service, needle sticks, and exposure to equipment contamination of infected patients. In fact, HCV infection through dialysis units has increased worldwide.
Address reprint requests to
MrwaYousif Hassan.
MSc. Student, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences-AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
Article citation:
Hassan MY., Alhag WI. Sero frequency of Hepatitis C Infection among Laboratory Technologists in Khartoum City, Sudan. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):876-879. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the sero frequency of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)IgG antibodies, among laboratory technologists in Khartoum city, Sudan during April2014.
Materials & methods: A total of ninety laboratory technologists, were enrolled in this study. Blood specimens were collected and examined by ELISA technique for the detection of HCV antibodies (fourth generation).
Results: HCVAb was not detected in all samples (0%). The mean age of the individuals (n = 90) was 34.9 ± 7.8 years. There were 49 men (54%) and 40 women (44%).
Conclusion: There is no sero positivity of HCV among the studied population, but still education for risk behaviors, safety practice and GLP along with screening, and appropriate management for hepatitis is strongly recommended to control this persistent infectious source of hepatitis C in the community.
KEYWORDS: Sero frequency-HCV; IgG; laboratory technologists; ELISA technique.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at jpbms.info
Copyright © 2014 Hassan MY.,Alhag WI. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Debadulal Biswal1,*.MD.,Suresh H Advani2. MD, DM.,Manisa Sahu3. MD,DNB.,Praveen Mahajan4 MD
Affiliation:-
1*DNB-SS Med oncology registrar, 2Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology, 3Consultant Microbiologist, 4Pathologist, Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Debadulal Biswal.
At 13/1, Sagar Co-op Hsg society, Near S L Raheja Hospital, Mahim(w) Mumbai-16
Criteria for inclusion in the authors'/ contributors' list: SHA, DB involved in patient care, DB helped in searching literature, and compiling the clinical details of the patient, MS and PM prepared and edited the manuscript and helped in the diagnostic work up. SHA, DB, MS PM all reviewed the manuscript before final submission.
Article citation:
Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. Second primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma following Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma – A rare case. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):852-855. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background
Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a subgroup of haematolymphoproliferative disorder (HLPD). A paucity of information is available on the incidence of secondary /second primary Hodgkin’s disease in different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a case of classical Hodgkin’s disease (HD) in a treated case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL).
Case Presentation:
A 62 year male with low normal platelet counts for several years presented with gradual heaviness in left hypochondrium. Abdominal ultra sound showed splenomegaly. He underwent splenectomy and histopathology confirmed it as splenic marginal zone lymphoma. There was no bone marrow involvement. He was kept under observation and follow up. On follow up examination 6 years later he was diagnosed with a classical Hodgkin’s disease; Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) positive for CD30 & CD15 and negative for LCA, CD20, CD3, CK & EMA and currently on chemotherapy for HD.
Conclusion: SMZL is a rare but distinctive and well-defined low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Few studies have published on secondary primary cancers (SPC) in patients with SMZL. There is a high frequency of Solid second monitored during the follow-up, but development of HD is probably the rarest. In our view SMZL patients, possibly are at risk of HD and should be carefully investigated on diagnosis and in NHL especially SMZL;
Key words:
KEYWORDS: SMZL; splenic marginal zone lymphoma; Hodgkin’s disease (HD); Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells).
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3.Isaacson PG, Piris MA, Catovski D, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. In Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW, eds. Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid tissues. WHO Classification of Tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001:135-137.
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12.Kumagawa M, Suzumiya J, Ohshima K, Kanda M, Tamura K, Kikuchi M. Splenic lymphoproliferative disorders in human T lymphotropic virus type-I endemic area of Japan: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of 27 cases. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;41:593-605.
13.Shimizu K, Hara K, Yatabe Y. Hodgkin's disease following extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in remission Int J Hematol. 1999 Feb;69(2):96-100.
14.Zettl A, Rüdiger T, Marx A, Müller-Hermelink HK, Ott G. Composite marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 cases. Histopathology. 2005 Feb;46(2):217-28.
15.Elmahy H, Hawley I, Beard, j. Composite splenic marginal zone lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma – an unusual combination. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology2007; 29: 461–463.
16.Harada S, Kalla H, Balasubramanian M, Brodsky I, Gladstone D, Hou JS. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma concurrently evolving in a patient with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the spleen. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2008 Jun;12(3):212-6.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Source of support: None
Review article
Rajeswari S1 & Swaminathan S2,*
Affiliation:-
1Junior Technical Officer, Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India
2Senior Consultant and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India.
Address reprint requests to
Dr. S. Swaminathan.
Senior Consultant and Head,
Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, No. 64, Vanagaram to Ambattur Main Road, Ayanambakkam, Chennai – 600 095, India
Article citation:
Rajeswari S, Swaminathan S. Role of thymus in infections – an update. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):918-925. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Thymus is a specialised organ connected with several immune systems such as the development of T-Cells, induction of central tolerance, production and release of thymosin which aids in the development of disease fighting T-cells. The review article bringing out some research findings in the alteration of Thymus function due to various infections and some specific markers released into blood circulation, the measurement of which are used in clinical diagnosis involved in altered Thymus function due to infections. An update condensed summary from many recent findings has been presented in this article.
KEYWORDS: Thymosin; T-Cells; CD4(+); CD 8+; HIV; TNF-α.
REFERENCES
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Copyright © 2014 Rajeswari S, Swaminathan S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited