DocumentsDate added
Research article
Shenoy Poornima1, Hemavathi1,*, Sarmah Pooja1,¥,R Sharvani1,¥
Affiliation:-
1Professor, Department of Microbiology,1,* Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Hemavathi,
Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Chikkasandra, Hesarghatta Main Road, Bangalore-560090,India
Article citation:
Poornima S, Hemavathi,Pooja S, Sharvani R. Current trend in transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors: a three year retrospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):914-919. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The problem of Transfusion Transmitted Infections is proportional to the prevalence of the infections in the blood donors, so it is mandatory to screen Hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis and malaria. As the focus of this year’s World Blood Donor Day campaign is "Safe blood for saving mothers”, a cross sectional retrospective study was undertaken to determine the sero-prevalence of the above diseases among the voluntary and replacement donors and to correlate the findings with age and sex.
Materials & Methods: Data was collected from the hospital blood bank records and was analyzed. A total of 8688 units of blood were tested for HIV (p24 antigen and HIV 1 & 2 antibodies by 4th generation ELISA), HBV and HCV (ELISA), syphilis by RPR test confirmed by TPHA and malaria by immunochromatographic test.
Results: Out of a total of 8688 units of blood tested, 6968 (80.20%) were from replacement & 1720 (19.20%) were from voluntary donors; with a preponderance of males (97.79%) to females (2.21%). Overall sero-prevalence was 0.37%, 0.94% and 0.37% for HIV, HBV and HCV respectively; 0.12% were reactive for syphilis. Two (0.02%) units showed dual infection with HIV and HCV. There was an increased prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among replacement donors compared to the voluntary donors. None of the samples were positive for malaria.
Conclusions: Strict criteria for donor selection, health education coupled with sensitive screening tests are the possibilities of reducing Transfusion Transmitted Infections.
KEYWORDS: Age; Replacement donors; Sex; Transfusion transmitted infections; Voluntary donors.
REFERENCES
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blood donors: an Indian experience. Tropical Doctor:39(3):152-154/
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18.Sethi B, Kumar S, Butola KS, Mishra JP, Kumar Y. Sero-prevalence pattern among blood donors in a tertiary health care centre. Internet J of Medical Update: 2014; 9(1):10-15.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Poornima S,Hemavathi,Pooja S,Sharvani R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Deepak Viswanath1,*, Anindita Sarma2
Affiliation:
1*Professor and Head,2Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Int. Airport Road, Hunasamaranahalli, Bangalore, India-562 157
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Int. Airport Road, Hunasamaranahalli, Bangalore, India-562 157.
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Deepak Viswanath,
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences ,Int. Airport Road, Hunasamaranahalli, Bangalore, India- 562 157
Article citation: Viswanath D, Sarma A. Informed Consent in Pediatric Dentistry: Ethics and Pitfalls- A Review. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):834-838. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Informed consent is a leading topic of interest in health care field. This paper aims at all the pros and cons of informed consent in dentistry with special attention to the pediatric sector. The communication by medical and dental practitioners has to be legitimate as the patient’s right to know constitutes the basis of modern medical ethics. It is important for every dentist to know and learn about informed consent not only on medico-legal grounds but also to build trust with the patients.
KEYWORDS: Battery; Behaviour management; Bolam Test; Informed Consent; Pediatric informed consent.
Source of support: None
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Viswanath D, Sarma A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Natalie Plaks*, Karin Joubert, Katijah Khoza-Shangase
Affiliation:-
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Address reprint requests to
Natalie Plaks.
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Article citation:
Plaks N,Joubert K,Khoza-Shangase K. Hearing loss in the South African closed head injured population: two to five years post onset. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):839-851. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The current study aimed at describing auditory function within the closed head injured (CHI) population of South Africa, two to five years post head injury. A non-probability purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 30 participants with a confirmed CHI from two neuro-rehabilitation centres within the Johannesburg area. Audiological testing was performed in a sound proof booth at the University of the Witwatersrand Speech and Hearing Clinic (USHC) following ethical approval. All equipment used in the study had been recently calibrated. The study made use of a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design to describe the auditory functioning of 30 individuals with CHI. Results: Findings from the basic audiological test battery and the audiological auditory brainstem response (ABR) revealed hearing function within normal limits for all participants Although basic audiometry indicated normal hearing, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were absent in five participants, and neurodiagnostic ABR measures revealed abnormalities on 14 participants’ neurodiagnostic ABR recordings. Conclusion: For accurate assessment of the integrity of the auditory pathway following CHI, current findings highlight the importance of utilizing more objective and sensitive measures during the assessment. Current findings also indicate that if overt hearing loss occurs in CHI, it can be temporary and tends to dissipate during the post-traumatic period, as evidenced in the current study.
KEYWORDS: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR); Audiological Assessment; Closed Head Injury (CHI); Hearing Loss; Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE’s).
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Copyright © 2014 Ofem OE, Nna VC,Oka VO,Archibong AN,Bassey SC. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Case report
Debadulal Biswal1,*.MD.,Suresh H Advani2. MD, DM.,Manisa Sahu3. MD,DNB.,Praveen Mahajan4 MD
Affiliation:-
1*DNB-SS Med oncology registrar, 2Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology, 3Consultant Microbiologist, 4Pathologist, Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Debadulal Biswal.
At 13/1, Sagar Co-op Hsg society, Near S L Raheja Hospital, Mahim(w) Mumbai-16
Criteria for inclusion in the authors'/ contributors' list: SHA, DB involved in patient care, DB helped in searching literature, and compiling the clinical details of the patient, MS and PM prepared and edited the manuscript and helped in the diagnostic work up. SHA, DB, MS PM all reviewed the manuscript before final submission.
Article citation:
Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. Second primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma following Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma – A rare case. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):852-855. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background
Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a subgroup of haematolymphoproliferative disorder (HLPD). A paucity of information is available on the incidence of secondary /second primary Hodgkin’s disease in different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a case of classical Hodgkin’s disease (HD) in a treated case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL).
Case Presentation:
A 62 year male with low normal platelet counts for several years presented with gradual heaviness in left hypochondrium. Abdominal ultra sound showed splenomegaly. He underwent splenectomy and histopathology confirmed it as splenic marginal zone lymphoma. There was no bone marrow involvement. He was kept under observation and follow up. On follow up examination 6 years later he was diagnosed with a classical Hodgkin’s disease; Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) positive for CD30 & CD15 and negative for LCA, CD20, CD3, CK & EMA and currently on chemotherapy for HD.
Conclusion: SMZL is a rare but distinctive and well-defined low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Few studies have published on secondary primary cancers (SPC) in patients with SMZL. There is a high frequency of Solid second monitored during the follow-up, but development of HD is probably the rarest. In our view SMZL patients, possibly are at risk of HD and should be carefully investigated on diagnosis and in NHL especially SMZL;
Key words:
KEYWORDS: SMZL; splenic marginal zone lymphoma; Hodgkin’s disease (HD); Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells).
REFERENCES
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3.Isaacson PG, Piris MA, Catovski D, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. In Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW, eds. Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid tissues. WHO Classification of Tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001:135-137.
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5.Iannitto, E., Minardi, V., Callea, V., Stelitano, C., Calvaruso, G., Tripodo, C. et al. Assessment of the frequency of additional cancers in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma. European Journal of Haematology 2006; 76: 134–140.
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16.Harada S, Kalla H, Balasubramanian M, Brodsky I, Gladstone D, Hou JS. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma concurrently evolving in a patient with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the spleen. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2008 Jun;12(3):212-6.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Source of support: None
Original article
Barnabas,B.B1,*. M. Sc.; Gana, J1. M. Sc..; Daniel, A.A1. M. Sc.; Gbate, M1. M. Sc.
and Akanbi, Y.N.T2.HND
Affiliation:-
1lecturer,Science Laboratory Technology Department, 2Technologist, Chemical Engineering Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 55, Bida, Niger State Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Address reprint requests to
BARNABAS, B. B
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Article citation:
Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. Antihelminthic Study of A Local Medicinal Plant(Canarium Shweifurthii) On Infected Rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014;04(10):856-860. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Anti helminthic activity of local medicinal plant - Canarium schweinfurthii were studied on infected rabbits for a period of 12 weeks.
Aim: The increasing complexity in synthetic manufactured drugs manufacture and worldwide toxicity associated with these drugs and the relative tolerance as well as the demand for natural products has justified the need for the study on Canarium schwenfurthii. Materials and Method: Rabbits weighing 800g averagely were infected with Ascaris ova and divided into groups, A, B, C, D and E that served as the positive control-(no infection). Groups A, B, and C were each treated with crude ethanolic extract of bark, root, leaves of Canarium schweinfurthii respectively, while group D, was treated with a patented drug ketrax. Stool microscopy that included count of Ascaris ova, weight monitoring and haematological test were carried out on the infected rabbits.
The different parts of the plant were percolated in absolute ethanol and left for 7 days in a foil-corked conical flasks and each shaken intermittently together. After the 7 days of percolation, the mixtures were filtered paper separately. Results: The results showed that the bark, fruit and leaves had 98%, 95% and 98% deparasitization as against 99% deparasitization effect for ketrax. The percentage deparasitization of the extract was not statistically significant P>0.05. The haematological test indicates an increase in absolute eosinopil count during the active phase of the parasite infection. The body weight of the animals also increased consistently as treatment with the extracts and the patented drug were administered. Conclusion: The extracts compared favourably in its antihelminthic activity with the patented drug - ketrax and thus could serve as an alternative to ketrax in the treatment of Ascaris infection. However, since the toxicity of the extracts was not part of this current study; there is need for further study on the possible drug – host interactions and possible toxicity on the mammalian host.
KEYWORDS: Canarium schweinfurthii; Anti helminthic activity; medicinal plant.
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