DocumentsDate added
Original article
Natalie Plaks*, Karin Joubert, Katijah Khoza-Shangase
Affiliation:-
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Address reprint requests to
Natalie Plaks.
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Article citation:
Plaks N,Joubert K,Khoza-Shangase K. Hearing loss in the South African closed head injured population: two to five years post onset. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):839-851. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The current study aimed at describing auditory function within the closed head injured (CHI) population of South Africa, two to five years post head injury. A non-probability purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 30 participants with a confirmed CHI from two neuro-rehabilitation centres within the Johannesburg area. Audiological testing was performed in a sound proof booth at the University of the Witwatersrand Speech and Hearing Clinic (USHC) following ethical approval. All equipment used in the study had been recently calibrated. The study made use of a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design to describe the auditory functioning of 30 individuals with CHI. Results: Findings from the basic audiological test battery and the audiological auditory brainstem response (ABR) revealed hearing function within normal limits for all participants Although basic audiometry indicated normal hearing, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were absent in five participants, and neurodiagnostic ABR measures revealed abnormalities on 14 participants’ neurodiagnostic ABR recordings. Conclusion: For accurate assessment of the integrity of the auditory pathway following CHI, current findings highlight the importance of utilizing more objective and sensitive measures during the assessment. Current findings also indicate that if overt hearing loss occurs in CHI, it can be temporary and tends to dissipate during the post-traumatic period, as evidenced in the current study.
KEYWORDS: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR); Audiological Assessment; Closed Head Injury (CHI); Hearing Loss; Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE’s).
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Copyright © 2014 Ofem OE, Nna VC,Oka VO,Archibong AN,Bassey SC. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Case report
Debadulal Biswal1,*.MD.,Suresh H Advani2. MD, DM.,Manisa Sahu3. MD,DNB.,Praveen Mahajan4 MD
Affiliation:-
1*DNB-SS Med oncology registrar, 2Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology, 3Consultant Microbiologist, 4Pathologist, Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, S L Raheja Hospital (A Fortis Associate) Mahim (W), Mumbai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Debadulal Biswal.
At 13/1, Sagar Co-op Hsg society, Near S L Raheja Hospital, Mahim(w) Mumbai-16
Criteria for inclusion in the authors'/ contributors' list: SHA, DB involved in patient care, DB helped in searching literature, and compiling the clinical details of the patient, MS and PM prepared and edited the manuscript and helped in the diagnostic work up. SHA, DB, MS PM all reviewed the manuscript before final submission.
Article citation:
Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. Second primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma following Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma – A rare case. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):852-855. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background
Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a subgroup of haematolymphoproliferative disorder (HLPD). A paucity of information is available on the incidence of secondary /second primary Hodgkin’s disease in different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a case of classical Hodgkin’s disease (HD) in a treated case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL).
Case Presentation:
A 62 year male with low normal platelet counts for several years presented with gradual heaviness in left hypochondrium. Abdominal ultra sound showed splenomegaly. He underwent splenectomy and histopathology confirmed it as splenic marginal zone lymphoma. There was no bone marrow involvement. He was kept under observation and follow up. On follow up examination 6 years later he was diagnosed with a classical Hodgkin’s disease; Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) positive for CD30 & CD15 and negative for LCA, CD20, CD3, CK & EMA and currently on chemotherapy for HD.
Conclusion: SMZL is a rare but distinctive and well-defined low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Few studies have published on secondary primary cancers (SPC) in patients with SMZL. There is a high frequency of Solid second monitored during the follow-up, but development of HD is probably the rarest. In our view SMZL patients, possibly are at risk of HD and should be carefully investigated on diagnosis and in NHL especially SMZL;
Key words:
KEYWORDS: SMZL; splenic marginal zone lymphoma; Hodgkin’s disease (HD); Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells).
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Biswal D, Advani SH, Sahu M, Mahajan P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Source of support: None
Original article
Barnabas,B.B1,*. M. Sc.; Gana, J1. M. Sc..; Daniel, A.A1. M. Sc.; Gbate, M1. M. Sc.
and Akanbi, Y.N.T2.HND
Affiliation:-
1lecturer,Science Laboratory Technology Department, 2Technologist, Chemical Engineering Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 55, Bida, Niger State Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Address reprint requests to
BARNABAS, B. B
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Article citation:
Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. Antihelminthic Study of A Local Medicinal Plant(Canarium Shweifurthii) On Infected Rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014;04(10):856-860. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Anti helminthic activity of local medicinal plant - Canarium schweinfurthii were studied on infected rabbits for a period of 12 weeks.
Aim: The increasing complexity in synthetic manufactured drugs manufacture and worldwide toxicity associated with these drugs and the relative tolerance as well as the demand for natural products has justified the need for the study on Canarium schwenfurthii. Materials and Method: Rabbits weighing 800g averagely were infected with Ascaris ova and divided into groups, A, B, C, D and E that served as the positive control-(no infection). Groups A, B, and C were each treated with crude ethanolic extract of bark, root, leaves of Canarium schweinfurthii respectively, while group D, was treated with a patented drug ketrax. Stool microscopy that included count of Ascaris ova, weight monitoring and haematological test were carried out on the infected rabbits.
The different parts of the plant were percolated in absolute ethanol and left for 7 days in a foil-corked conical flasks and each shaken intermittently together. After the 7 days of percolation, the mixtures were filtered paper separately. Results: The results showed that the bark, fruit and leaves had 98%, 95% and 98% deparasitization as against 99% deparasitization effect for ketrax. The percentage deparasitization of the extract was not statistically significant P>0.05. The haematological test indicates an increase in absolute eosinopil count during the active phase of the parasite infection. The body weight of the animals also increased consistently as treatment with the extracts and the patented drug were administered. Conclusion: The extracts compared favourably in its antihelminthic activity with the patented drug - ketrax and thus could serve as an alternative to ketrax in the treatment of Ascaris infection. However, since the toxicity of the extracts was not part of this current study; there is need for further study on the possible drug – host interactions and possible toxicity on the mammalian host.
KEYWORDS: Canarium schweinfurthii; Anti helminthic activity; medicinal plant.
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Copyright © 2014 Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
ShuklaSK1,*, Singh HK2, Singh R3, Anand Mohan Dixit4, Kaushik A5, Harsh Bardhan6
Affiliation:-
*1Associate Professor, 4Asistant Professor, 5Assistant Professor, 6Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., India
2Associate Professor, Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchsheel Nagar, U.P.
3Reader, Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, Varanasi ,U.P, India
2. Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchil Nagar, U.P, India
3. Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sushil Kumar Shukla.
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (UP RIMS & R), Saifai, Etawah, U. P, India-206301, India
Article citation:
Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. Statistical Model For Desireness of Additional Child. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):861-870. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
In our society, children are considered as an important part of the standard of living of most families. Most of the couples expect children to act as their successor as well as the preserver of new generation. Most married couples want their own children and they proceed to bear and rear them. The sacrifices made by parents in bearing children and the investment they make in their care, health and education are substantial part of family decisions and parents derive satisfaction and productive services from their children.
Objective: The objective of the present paper is to study the desire of more children pertaining to demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households in Uttar Pradesh.
Result: Approximately 45.0% of respondents had more than two children. However, 38.4% and 19.9% of respondents had less than and exactly two children respectively. Among the respondents having less than two children, the 92% population showed desire for another child; however, around 52% among the respondents had exactly two children. Out of total sample selected, 80% of population resided in rural areas while 20% in urban areas. Thirty seven percent of the couples residing in urban areas demanded for another child while the corresponding figure for rural area was 54%. The educational status of women can reduce the demand of additional child and in maintaining family size. The regression coefficient of no education and middle education are 0.607 and 0.269 respectively, with reference category (highest education of ever married women). The odds ratio corresponding to no education and middle education are 1.836 and 1.309, respectively, which indicates the demand for additional child is inversely proportional to educational level. Among the religious groups, 84% of respondents were Hindu and 16% non-Hindu. Through NFHS-2, probability of contraceptive use was higher among Hindus than non-Hindus and the results were statistically significant. The logistic regression coefficient corresponding to the numbers of living children below 2 and above 2 are 1.534 and -1.300, respectively, and are statistically significant. Number of living children exactly 2 is considered as the reference category because in order to achieve the replacement level fertility the number of living children should not exceed 2. The odds ratios of below 2, and above 2 children, are 4.637 and 0.273. The results indicate that women were having less than 2 children had higher and women having more than 2 children had lower demand for additional child with respect to women having 2 children.
Conclusion: Demand of the child was highest in women having no formal education. Desire of additional child was higher in SC/ST, female children, no education, last child dead, non-Hindu, low standard living index and rural areas. Therefore, the positive impact of family planning programme and importance of smaller family norm should be included in the curriculum of education especially in the secondary level and motivational activities should be targeted to reduce these differentials.
KEYWORDS: Logistic Regression; Multivariate Analysis; Probabilistic Model, NFHS.
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Copyright © 2014 Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Roohi sharma1,*, Rani Walia1, Shafiqa Aslam1, Parveen Gupta2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2Department of Medicine, Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
2.Department of Medicine, Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Roohi Sharma.
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Article citation:
Sharma R, Walia R, Aslam S,Gupta P. A comparative study of rheumatoid arthritis management with combination of methotrexate with hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine with hydroxychloroquine. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):898-903. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease, has as its primary target the synovial tissues. Increased stiffness early in the morning is often a prominent feature of the disease and typically lasts for more than an hour. When the disease is unchecked, it leads to substantial disability, which can make even simple tasks such as writing difficult, because joint damage can get worse, even when pain and swelling are relieved.
Objectives: To Compare the efficacy and safety of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Research Design & Methods: Sixty(60) patients were included in this prospective, randomized, single blind comparative study and were divided into two groups. First group (Group A) consisted of thirty(30) patients that treated with MTX 7.5 mg once a week and HCQ 200 mg OD. The second group (Group B) consisted of thirty (30) patients were given SSZ 500 mg twice a day and HCQ 200 mg once daily. Assessment of efficacy of drug therapy was done via Clinical parameter which included Visual Analogue Scale and laboratory parameter comprised of ESR, LFTs & RFTs.
Results: There was a significant reduction in VAS in Group A as compared to Group B. There was a reduction in ESR levels in the both groups. No clinical noteworthy hematological and renal abnormalities were noted during treatment.
Conclusion: Methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine combination is more efficacious and equally safe and tolerable, like sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine thus suggestive of better quality of life in patients suffering from RA.
KEYWORDS: Rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate; hydroxychloroquine; sulfasalazine; visual analogue scale; erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Sharma R, Walia R, Aslam S, Gupta P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.