DocumentsDate added
Research article
Mark K. Njogu1 (MSc), Josphat C. Matasyoh1,* (PhD), Alfred C. Kibor2 (PhD)
Affiliation:-
1Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
2Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
2.Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Address reprint requests to
Mark K. Njogu (MSc),
Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Contact no: +254-722-871-521
Article citation: Njogu MK, Matasyoh JC, Kibor AC. Chemical composition and antihelmintic activity of Teclea nobilis essential oil against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):880-886. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Helminthosis, a neglected tropical disease, is a serious health problem. In sub-Saharan Africa, schistosomiasis has very high morbidity thus being a major contributor to helminthosis. Praziquantel being the only drug of choice and the recent development of resistance reports has triggered intense research efforts towards natural products such as essential oils because of their efficacy and safety. In this study, chemical composition and miracidicidal activity of T. nobilis essential oil against S. mansoni were evaluated. The oil was extracted by hydro-distillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus, analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and determined to be majorly constituted of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes which had concentrations of 42.21 % and 33.09 % respectively. The major monoterpenes were β-ocimene (10.15 %) and γ-terpinene (6.11 %) while major sesquiterpenes were β-cadinene (4.98 %) and 1,6-germacradien-5-ol (4.38 %). The mortalities of the miracidia were determined after 30 minutes and the oil showed lethal effects with LC50 and LC90 values of 196.29 and 367.24 ppm respectively. These findings show that T. nobilis essential oil contains antihelmintic compounds which could be useful as lead compounds for the development of schistosomicides. Also, the discovery of plant compounds that may control schistosomiasis and other helminthic infections could be of great value.
KEYWORDS: Teclea nobilis; Schistosoma mansoni; essential oil and miracidicidal activity.
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Source of support: Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Njogu MK, Matasyoh JC, Kibor AC. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Barnabas,B.B1,*. M. Sc.; Gana, J1. M. Sc..; Daniel, A.A1. M. Sc.; Gbate, M1. M. Sc.
and Akanbi, Y.N.T2.HND
Affiliation:-
1lecturer,Science Laboratory Technology Department, 2Technologist, Chemical Engineering Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 55, Bida, Niger State Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Address reprint requests to
BARNABAS, B. B
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Article citation:
Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. Antihelminthic Study of A Local Medicinal Plant(Canarium Shweifurthii) On Infected Rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014;04(10):856-860. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Anti helminthic activity of local medicinal plant - Canarium schweinfurthii were studied on infected rabbits for a period of 12 weeks.
Aim: The increasing complexity in synthetic manufactured drugs manufacture and worldwide toxicity associated with these drugs and the relative tolerance as well as the demand for natural products has justified the need for the study on Canarium schwenfurthii. Materials and Method: Rabbits weighing 800g averagely were infected with Ascaris ova and divided into groups, A, B, C, D and E that served as the positive control-(no infection). Groups A, B, and C were each treated with crude ethanolic extract of bark, root, leaves of Canarium schweinfurthii respectively, while group D, was treated with a patented drug ketrax. Stool microscopy that included count of Ascaris ova, weight monitoring and haematological test were carried out on the infected rabbits.
The different parts of the plant were percolated in absolute ethanol and left for 7 days in a foil-corked conical flasks and each shaken intermittently together. After the 7 days of percolation, the mixtures were filtered paper separately. Results: The results showed that the bark, fruit and leaves had 98%, 95% and 98% deparasitization as against 99% deparasitization effect for ketrax. The percentage deparasitization of the extract was not statistically significant P>0.05. The haematological test indicates an increase in absolute eosinopil count during the active phase of the parasite infection. The body weight of the animals also increased consistently as treatment with the extracts and the patented drug were administered. Conclusion: The extracts compared favourably in its antihelminthic activity with the patented drug - ketrax and thus could serve as an alternative to ketrax in the treatment of Ascaris infection. However, since the toxicity of the extracts was not part of this current study; there is need for further study on the possible drug – host interactions and possible toxicity on the mammalian host.
KEYWORDS: Canarium schweinfurthii; Anti helminthic activity; medicinal plant.
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Copyright © 2014 Barnabas, BB; Gana, J; Daniel, AA. Gbate, M.and Akanbi, YNT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Shenoy Poornima1, Hemavathi1,*, Sarmah Pooja1,¥,R Sharvani1,¥
Affiliation:-
1Professor, Department of Microbiology,1,* Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore-90,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Hemavathi,
Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Chikkasandra, Hesarghatta Main Road, Bangalore-560090,India
Article citation:
Poornima S, Hemavathi,Pooja S, Sharvani R. Current trend in transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors: a three year retrospective study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):914-919. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The problem of Transfusion Transmitted Infections is proportional to the prevalence of the infections in the blood donors, so it is mandatory to screen Hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis and malaria. As the focus of this year’s World Blood Donor Day campaign is "Safe blood for saving mothers”, a cross sectional retrospective study was undertaken to determine the sero-prevalence of the above diseases among the voluntary and replacement donors and to correlate the findings with age and sex.
Materials & Methods: Data was collected from the hospital blood bank records and was analyzed. A total of 8688 units of blood were tested for HIV (p24 antigen and HIV 1 & 2 antibodies by 4th generation ELISA), HBV and HCV (ELISA), syphilis by RPR test confirmed by TPHA and malaria by immunochromatographic test.
Results: Out of a total of 8688 units of blood tested, 6968 (80.20%) were from replacement & 1720 (19.20%) were from voluntary donors; with a preponderance of males (97.79%) to females (2.21%). Overall sero-prevalence was 0.37%, 0.94% and 0.37% for HIV, HBV and HCV respectively; 0.12% were reactive for syphilis. Two (0.02%) units showed dual infection with HIV and HCV. There was an increased prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among replacement donors compared to the voluntary donors. None of the samples were positive for malaria.
Conclusions: Strict criteria for donor selection, health education coupled with sensitive screening tests are the possibilities of reducing Transfusion Transmitted Infections.
KEYWORDS: Age; Replacement donors; Sex; Transfusion transmitted infections; Voluntary donors.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Poornima S,Hemavathi,Pooja S,Sharvani R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Natalie Plaks*, Karin Joubert, Katijah Khoza-Shangase
Affiliation:-
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Address reprint requests to
Natalie Plaks.
Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Article citation:
Plaks N,Joubert K,Khoza-Shangase K. Hearing loss in the South African closed head injured population: two to five years post onset. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):839-851. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The current study aimed at describing auditory function within the closed head injured (CHI) population of South Africa, two to five years post head injury. A non-probability purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 30 participants with a confirmed CHI from two neuro-rehabilitation centres within the Johannesburg area. Audiological testing was performed in a sound proof booth at the University of the Witwatersrand Speech and Hearing Clinic (USHC) following ethical approval. All equipment used in the study had been recently calibrated. The study made use of a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design to describe the auditory functioning of 30 individuals with CHI. Results: Findings from the basic audiological test battery and the audiological auditory brainstem response (ABR) revealed hearing function within normal limits for all participants Although basic audiometry indicated normal hearing, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were absent in five participants, and neurodiagnostic ABR measures revealed abnormalities on 14 participants’ neurodiagnostic ABR recordings. Conclusion: For accurate assessment of the integrity of the auditory pathway following CHI, current findings highlight the importance of utilizing more objective and sensitive measures during the assessment. Current findings also indicate that if overt hearing loss occurs in CHI, it can be temporary and tends to dissipate during the post-traumatic period, as evidenced in the current study.
KEYWORDS: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR); Audiological Assessment; Closed Head Injury (CHI); Hearing Loss; Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE’s).
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Copyright © 2014 Ofem OE, Nna VC,Oka VO,Archibong AN,Bassey SC. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Dilip. M. Rampure, M.D; V.R.B. Kumar Surapureddy*, M.B.B.S; G. Rajasekharappa
Affiliation:-
Department of General Medicine, Mamatha General Hospital, Giri Prasad Nagar,Khammam. 507001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of General Medicine, Mamatha General Hospital, Giri Prasad Nagar, Khammam. 507001, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.V.R.B. Kumar Surapureddy.
Department of General Medicine, Mamatha General Hospital, Giri Prasad Nagar, Khammam. 507001, India
Article citation:
Rampure DM, Surapureddy VRB.K, Rajasekharappa G. A Comparative evaluation of stroke in diabetics and non diabetics. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):894-897. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of stroke is: “rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin”. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke. It is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Our study aims to study and compare the incidence, clinical presentation and outcome of stroke in diabetics and non diabetics. It is a prospective case control observational study conducted over a period of six months. 80 patients with stroke were included in the study (40 diabetics and 40 non diabetics). The study population was selected randomly. We found that the mean age of incidence in Diabetic stroke patients was 55±9.93 and in Non-Diabetic stroke patients was 58.92±13.26. The mean blood sugar on admission in diabetic group was 214.85 ± 76.0 compared with 132.28 ± 42.37 in non-diabetic group. Hemorrhagic strokes were more frequent in the non diabetics and ischemic strokes in the diabetic stroke groups. Diabetic stroke patients had a longer duration of hospital stay with 7.82± 4.65 days as compared to non diabetics with 5.92±4.80 days. We conclude that Stroke in diabetes differs from that of stroke in non-diabetics with respect to age, stroke type, stroke severity and outcome. Hyperglycemia at stroke onset is associated with higher risk of poor outcome.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes; Stroke.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Rampure DM, Surapureddy VRB.K, Rajasekharappa G. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.