DocumentsDate added
Review article
Rajeswari S1 & Swaminathan S2,*
Affiliation:-
1Junior Technical Officer, Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India
2Senior Consultant and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Ayanambakkam, Chennai 600 095, India.
Address reprint requests to
Dr. S. Swaminathan.
Senior Consultant and Head,
Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, No. 64, Vanagaram to Ambattur Main Road, Ayanambakkam, Chennai – 600 095, India
Article citation:
Rajeswari S, Swaminathan S. Role of thymus in infections – an update. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):918-925. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Thymus is a specialised organ connected with several immune systems such as the development of T-Cells, induction of central tolerance, production and release of thymosin which aids in the development of disease fighting T-cells. The review article bringing out some research findings in the alteration of Thymus function due to various infections and some specific markers released into blood circulation, the measurement of which are used in clinical diagnosis involved in altered Thymus function due to infections. An update condensed summary from many recent findings has been presented in this article.
KEYWORDS: Thymosin; T-Cells; CD4(+); CD 8+; HIV; TNF-α.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Rajeswari S, Swaminathan S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Original article
ShuklaSK1,*, Singh HK2, Singh R3, Anand Mohan Dixit4, Kaushik A5, Harsh Bardhan6
Affiliation:-
*1Associate Professor, 4Asistant Professor, 5Assistant Professor, 6Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., India
2Associate Professor, Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchsheel Nagar, U.P.
3Reader, Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Community Medicine, UP RIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, Varanasi ,U.P, India
2. Department of community Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Science, Hapur, Panchil Nagar, U.P, India
3. Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi,U.P, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sushil Kumar Shukla.
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (UP RIMS & R), Saifai, Etawah, U. P, India-206301, India
Article citation:
Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. Statistical Model For Desireness of Additional Child. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(10):861-870. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
In our society, children are considered as an important part of the standard of living of most families. Most of the couples expect children to act as their successor as well as the preserver of new generation. Most married couples want their own children and they proceed to bear and rear them. The sacrifices made by parents in bearing children and the investment they make in their care, health and education are substantial part of family decisions and parents derive satisfaction and productive services from their children.
Objective: The objective of the present paper is to study the desire of more children pertaining to demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households in Uttar Pradesh.
Result: Approximately 45.0% of respondents had more than two children. However, 38.4% and 19.9% of respondents had less than and exactly two children respectively. Among the respondents having less than two children, the 92% population showed desire for another child; however, around 52% among the respondents had exactly two children. Out of total sample selected, 80% of population resided in rural areas while 20% in urban areas. Thirty seven percent of the couples residing in urban areas demanded for another child while the corresponding figure for rural area was 54%. The educational status of women can reduce the demand of additional child and in maintaining family size. The regression coefficient of no education and middle education are 0.607 and 0.269 respectively, with reference category (highest education of ever married women). The odds ratio corresponding to no education and middle education are 1.836 and 1.309, respectively, which indicates the demand for additional child is inversely proportional to educational level. Among the religious groups, 84% of respondents were Hindu and 16% non-Hindu. Through NFHS-2, probability of contraceptive use was higher among Hindus than non-Hindus and the results were statistically significant. The logistic regression coefficient corresponding to the numbers of living children below 2 and above 2 are 1.534 and -1.300, respectively, and are statistically significant. Number of living children exactly 2 is considered as the reference category because in order to achieve the replacement level fertility the number of living children should not exceed 2. The odds ratios of below 2, and above 2 children, are 4.637 and 0.273. The results indicate that women were having less than 2 children had higher and women having more than 2 children had lower demand for additional child with respect to women having 2 children.
Conclusion: Demand of the child was highest in women having no formal education. Desire of additional child was higher in SC/ST, female children, no education, last child dead, non-Hindu, low standard living index and rural areas. Therefore, the positive impact of family planning programme and importance of smaller family norm should be included in the curriculum of education especially in the secondary level and motivational activities should be targeted to reduce these differentials.
KEYWORDS: Logistic Regression; Multivariate Analysis; Probabilistic Model, NFHS.
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Copyright © 2014 Shukla SK, Singh HK, Singh R, Anand Mohan Dixit, Kaushik A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Namani Ganesh1,*,Dilip M Rampure1,Rajashekarappa1,¥
Affiliation:-
*1PG,1Professor and Head,1,¥Professor, Department of Medicine, Mamata Medical College,Khammam, Telangana state, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Medicine, Mamata Medical College,Khammam, Telangana state, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Ganesh Namani.
Postgraduate, Department of Medicine, Mamata Medical College,Khammam, Telangana state, India
Article citation:
Ganesh N,Rampure DM,Rajashekarappa. Etiological study of dilated cardiomyopathy in a tertiary care hospital. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):910-913. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is an important cause of congestive heart failure and accounts for upto 25% of all cases of CHF. The incidence of DCM appears to be increasing and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
Objective: To study the clinical, etiological, electrodiographic and echocardiographic profile of patients with DCM
Methods: A total of 50 patients who were admitted to a teaching hospital, Khammam and fulfilled the inclusion / exclusion criteria were evaluated by history, physical examination, ECG and echocardiography.
Results: Most of the patients affected were in the age group of 41-50 years. Males comprised 62% and females comprised 38%. Most of the cases are idiopathic. The clinical profile of patients included symptoms and signs of biventricular failure (80%) followed by left ventricular failure (16.6%).Left axis deviation, sinus tachycardia, ventricular premature complexes and ST – T changes were the common ECG findings. Echo showed reduced ejection fraction and global hypokinesia in all the patients. Biventricular dilatation was seen in 40 % of patients. Mitral regurgitation was seen in a significant number of patients (62%).
Conclusion: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary disease of the cardiac muscle and can occur at any age. Alcoholism and peripartum status are the most common identified etiologies. Biventricular failure was the most common clinical presentation. The clinical course is unpredictable and its interpretation is complicated by the difficulty in defining the onset of the disease.
KEYWORDS: Dilated cariomyopathy ; ECG; ECHO & Etiology.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Ganesh N,Rampure DM,Rajashekarappa. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Mayuresh J Baheti1,*,Ninad V. Gharat1,NandlalGirijalalToshniwal1,¥
Affiliation:-
1P.G. Student, 1¥Professor & Head, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni – 413736, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics,Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni – 413736, Maharashtra, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Mayuresh J Baheti,
Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics,Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni – 413736, Maharashtra, India
Article citation:
Baheti MJ, Gharat NV, Toshniwal NG. Importance of maxillary and mandibular intercanine distance in sex determination in Maharashtra populations. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(10):871-875. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Gender determination of skeletal remains is a part of many medico-legal as well as anthropological examinations. Many anatomical structures have been studied, but the teeth and their measurements seem to be the most reliable method since teeth represent the most durable and resilient part of the skeleton. Aim: To investigate the accuracy of a method with which gender can be differentiated by the intercanine distance of maxillary and mandibular arch in a sample of adult Indian population. Materials and methods: The study was carried out at department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rural Dental College, Loni, India on students and patients reporting at OPD. The study was conducted on 70 subjects (35 males, 35 females) of 17 to 25 years age group. Impressions of the upper arch were made using alginate and casts poured in dental stone. Maxillary and mandibular inter-canine width were measured with vernier calipers. From these measurements the percentage of sexual dimorphism was calculated. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using students unpaired ‘t’ test and results were analyzed. Results: There was sexual dimorphism in the intercanine distance of maxillary (3.82%) and mandibular (3.10%) arch.
It is inferred that the technique employing Intercanine distance of maxillary and mandibular arch can provide predictive equations useful for gender determination in a sample of Maharashtrian adult individuals.
KEYWORDS: Sexual dimorphism; Intercanine distance; canine.
REFERENCES
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Baheti MJ, Gharat NV, Toshniwal NG. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sangita Chauhan1,*, M. L. Suhalka1,¥, Manjinder Kaur1,£
Affiliation:-
1M.D. Student,1,¥HOD,1,£Professor,Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.), India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sangita Chauhan
Department of Physiology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur (Raj.),India
Article citation:
Chauhan S, Suhalka ML, Kaur Ml. A study of relationship between seminal fructose & infertility in man. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):926-929. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Fructose is secreted by the seminal vesicles which is the main source of energy and is responsible for the motility of the sperms. Lower level of seminal fructose has been observed in hypofunction of the seminal vesicles and has been a cause related to infertility in males.
Objectives: To find out relationship between seminal fructose concentration and sperm counts. Semen of 120 men having no disturbances in the seminal vesicular function were investigated.
Material and Methods: Semen was collected from normozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic men. Collection of Seminal fluid and its analysis was done using the WHO standards.
Results: 120 subjects were studied, out of which 20 were azoospermic, 50 were oligozoospermic and 50 were normozoospermic. Their ages ranged from 25-55 years. Estimation of sperm count and semen Fructose levels was done. The range of seminal fructose was determined and was correlated with the sperm concentration by Pearson correlation .By this study it was concluded that there is a correlation between seminal fructose and sperm concentration.
Conclusion: Seminal fructose could be used as important marker in testing infertility cases.
KEYWORDS: Seminal Fructose; Infertility; Sperm Concentration.
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4.WHO Laboratory Manual for Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical MucusInteraction.4ed. Madrid. Medica Panamericana 2001. P. 35.
5.Biswas, S. Ferguson, K.M, Stendronska J, Baffoe G: Fructose Hormone Levels in semen: their Correlation with sperm counts & motility.Fertil Steril, 30:200 (1978).
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Chauhan S,Suhalka ML,Kaur M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.