DocumentsDate added
Original article
Vijay Mahantesh Sunkad1,*, Vijaya Mahanth Prasad.K2, Chethana. KV3
Affiliation:-
1,2Senior Resident, Department of Orthopedics,3Post Graduate, Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Navodaya Medical College Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Vijay Mahantesh Sunkad
Senior Resident, Department of Orthopedics, Navodaya Medical College Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Sunkad VM,Prasad VM,Chethana KV. Functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):959-966. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Tremendous advance in mechanization and the fastness of travel has been accompanied by a steep increase in the number and severity of fractures and those of tibial plateau are no exception. This study is to analyze the functional outcome of CRIF or ORIF with or without bone grafting in tibial plateau fractures in adults.
Methods: 30 Cases of tibial plateau fractures treated by various modalities were studied from 10-05-2011 to 30-05-2012 at our hospital and followed for a minimum of 6 months.
Results: Immobilization of fractures continued for 3 weeks by POP slab. Early range of motion was then started. Weight bearing up to 6-8 weeks was not allowed. The full weight bearing deferred until 12 weeks or complete fracture union. The knee range of motion was excellent to very good, gait and weight bearing after the complete union was satisfactory, knee stiffness in 3 cases, wound dehiscence and infection in 1 case and non-union in none of our cases was noted.
Conclusion: Functional outcome is better in operatively treated tibial plateau fractures in adults, because it gives an excellent anatomical reduction and rigid fixation to restore articular congruity and early motion thereby preventing knee stiffness.
KEYWORDS: Tibial plateau fractures; Schatzkar classification; Open reduction and internal fixation; closed reduction and internal fixation.
REFERENCES
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2.Watson JJ and Wiss AD. Fractures of the proximal tibia and fibula, chapter 44 in Rockwood and Green’s fractures in adults, Bucholz RW and Heckman JD Ed. 5th ed. Vol 2: Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2001; 1799-1839.
3.Rassmussen P.S: Tibial condylar fractures. Impairment of knee joint stability as an indication for surgical treatment. J Bone and Joint Surg., 55-Am 1331-1350, Oct 1973.
4.Honkonen SE. Indications for surgical treatment of tibial condyle fractures. Clin Orthop 1994; 302: 199-205.
5.Schatzkar J, Mc Broom R and Bruce D. The tibial plateau fractures–Toronto experience. Clin Orthop, 1979; 138:94.
6.Bennett WF and Browner B. Tibial plateau fractures- a study of associated soft tissue injury. J.Ortho.Trauma 1992;6: 78.
7.Ebraheim NA, Sabry FF, Haman SP. Open reduction and internal fixation of 117 tibial plataru gtsvyutrd. Zotyhoprfiv 2004; 27(12): 1281.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © Sunkad VM, Prasad VM, Chethana KV. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Original article
Hamza Abdalla Mohammed*, Isam M Elkhidir
Affiliation:-
AL Neelain University, Faculty of Post Graduate, Khartoum, Sudan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
AL Neelain University, Faculty of Post Graduate, Khartoum, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Dr.HG Hamza
AL Neelain University, Faculty of Post Graduate, Khartoum, Sudan
Article citation:
Mohammed HA, Elkhidir IM. Estimating incidence of HIV among adults visiting a Voluntary counseling and testing centers at Khartoum state, Sudan. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):950-956. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Accurate and reliable laboratory methods are needed for the estimation of HIV-1 incidence to identify the high-risk populations and target and monitor prevention efforts. BED-EIA HIV-1 Incidence Test (BED-CEIA) and limiting Ag avidity has been described as a tool to discriminate recent (RS) from long-term seroconversion (LTS) of HIV-1 infection, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic over time. This study determined the, estimation of HIV incidence infection among individuals seeking testing in Voluntary Counselling and Testing centers (VCTs) in Khartoum STATE –Sudan.
Methods: The detection of recent infections was performed on confirmed HIV-positive samples, using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay for 376 individuals, were under inclusion criteria of research according to the age (15-25 years) tested positive among 5862 with the defined algorithm and verified by determining rapid test and then confirmed with fourth generation ELISA and Determine by Combo rapid test. Those identified as HIV positive were further assessed for recent infection. Volunteers screened from November/2011 to October /2012 in VCTs located in Khartoum, Sudan. BED-CEIA and avidity protocol was performed to identify RS. 10 samples from RS were selected for genomic sequencing.
The results: Overall HIV-1 prevalence of recent infection was 6.4%(376/55862). Eighty four of 376 seropositive individuals were classified as RS, corresponding to an incidence rate of 3.4%/year.
Conclusion: The HIV incidence estimation reflects the underlying transmission dynamics that are currently at work in Sudan and a practical way of tracking HIV incidence and is a useful tool in targeting and evaluating the impact of prevention programs. Our analysis reveals a new phase of the HIV epidemic in Sudan support the need for intensified prevention interventions among middle-aged persons in Sudan.
KEYWORDS: Infections; HIV incidence; Seroconversion.
REFERENCES
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18.Schwarcz, S., Kellog, T.A., Kohn, R.P., et al. Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence and sexual behavior at the San Francisco municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995; 142: 314–322.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Mohammed HA, Elkhidir IM. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Surinder Kumar1, Baljinder Singh2,*, Varsha A singh3, Ovais Karnain Wadoo4, Yogesh5
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India 2Associate Professor, Department Physiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
3Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
4Resident, Department of Physiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
5Demonstrator,Department Of Physiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Microbiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
2.Department Physiology,M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
3.Department Of Physiology, BPS GMC for women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Baljinder Singh.
Department Physiology, M.M.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India - 133207
Article citation:
Kumar S, Singh B, Singh VA, Wadoo OK, Yogesh. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in rural tertiary care hospital in Haryana. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;04(11):946-949. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
An intestinal parasitic infestation is a major public health problem. Prospective study was carried out to know the prevalence of Giardia lamblia in patients of gastrointestinal symptoms at MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Mullana, Ambala. A total of 656 stool samples of HIV negative patients with gastrointestinal symptoms from OPD and wards were included in this study. Samples were examined for parasites by saline wet mount, Iodine mount and after concentration. Out of 656 stool specimens Giardia lamblia isolated in 6.7% cases. The Giardia lamblia was more prevalent in younger age group with statistically significant in < 15 years of age (p<0.05). Prevalence was also more in males as compared to females but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The seasonal variation of Giardia was also seen with more prevalence in hot and moist season being water borne disease .Hence; there is need of awareness among the people for taking safe drinking water.
KEYWORDS: Giardia; Gastrointestinal; water borne disease
Source of support: None
REFERENCES
1.World Health Organization. World Health Report 2000-Conquering Suffering Enriching Humanity. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
2.Rai SK, Hirai K, Abe A et al. Intestinal parasitoses among school children in a rural hilly area of the Dhading district, Nepal. Nepal Med College J 2002; 4: 54-8.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Kumar S, Singh B, Singh VA, Wadoo OK, Yogesh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Wisam R. Hassan1,*,Haydar F. AL-Tukmagi1,Osamah T. Muslim2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of AL-Qadisyia, AL-Qadisyia, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of AL-Qadisyia, AL-Qadisyia, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
Wisam R. Hassan.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation:
Hassan WR, Al-Tukmagi HF, Muslim OT. Efficacy of a 10 Days course of levofloxacin based therapy after Failure of sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Iraqi Patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):1031-1038. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is one of the most important risk factors of Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer. The success rate of triple therapy (TT) has been declined during the last decade , sequential therapy (ST)has been proposed as an alternative to the TT regimen. A 10 days levofloxacin-based therapy(LBT) constitutes an encouraging second-line strategy after failure of ST.
The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of LBT after failure of (ST), also measuring the cumulative eradication rate of both regimens.
A prospective, open-label randomized clinical trial on 86 patients who had active H. Pylori infection with various gastrointestinal symptoms. The second line LBT was given after failure of the first line ST, bacterial eradication was examined 4-8weeks after treatment by using a fecal antigen test (FAT). The result was 20 patients after ST failure, only 19 patients enrolled to take LBT. The eradication rate(ER) of per-protocol and intention-to-treat for second line was 84.21% (16/19, 95% C.I 68%-100.1%) for both genders without significant difference (p=0.76) between males and females, cumulative eradication rates were 94.86% and 95.95% for both intention-to-treat and per-protocol, respectively. Compliance to the second line was 100% and adverse effects were mostly mild (36.84%) to moderate (10.56%), with little sever (5.26%) that had no effect on completion of treatment. It is concluded that a 10 days levofloxacin based therapy constitutes an encouraging second line regimen after failure of sequential therapy, with a high compliance and low adverse effects and yield a high cumulative eradication rate in clinical practice.
KEYWORDS: H. Pylori; levofloxacin; sequential therapy.
REFERENCES
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35. Zullo A., de Francesco V., Manes G., Scaccianoce G., Cristofari F., and Hassan C., “Second-line and rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication in clinical practice,” Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2010;19(2):131–134.
36.Gisbert J, Marcos S, Moreno-Otero R, Pajares J. Third-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin is more effective than rifabutin rescue regimen after two Helicobacter pylori treatment failures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1469-74.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014 Hassan WR, Al-Tukmagi HF, Muslim OT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Madhuri J Patil*
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College,Yavatmal, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College,Yavatmal, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Madhuri J Patil.
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, India
Article citation:
Patil MJ. Acute presentation of heterotopic pregnancy with tubal rupture following spontaneous conception. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):1007-1010. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Heterotopic pregnancy carries a significantly higher maternal mortality and morbidity due to rupture of ectopic gestation. Hence, early diagnosis and management is crucial. Incidence in the general population is increased due to increased incidence of pelvic inflammatory diseases. The five common clinical signs of heterotopic pregnancy are abdominal pain, adnexal mass, signs of peritoneal irritation, hypovolumic shock, and uterine fundus larger than menstrual date. Therefore, for early diagnosis of Heterotopic pregnancy a holistic approach and thorough pelvic ultrasound is crucial to reduce mortality and morbidity in such cases.
KEYWORDS: Heterotopic pregnancy; intrauterine; laparotomy ultrasound.
REFERENCES
1.Sumeet N Baheti, K Jayakrishanan. Heterotopic pregnancy in a natural conception: International journal of infertility and fetal medicine 2010;1:41-43.
2.Derek A, Beyer M, Daniel A, Domesic M D. Heterotopic pregnancy in emergency diagnostic challenge.OBG Management 2002;14:10.
3.Tng Chang Kwok, George Morgan. Think heterotopic: A case report of heterotopic Pregnancy detected on through ultrasonography. Journal of medical cases 2012;3(5):326-28.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014 Patil MJ. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.