DocumentsDate added
Original article
Mohamed Marzuk S,Prabhu N.*,Radhakrishna L,Sarada V
Affiliation:-
Department of Microbiology, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (SRM Group), Tiruchirapalli – 621 105, Tamilnadu, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (SRM Group), Tiruchirapalli – 621 105, Tamilnadu, India
Address reprint requests to
Prabhu N, Ph.D.
Department of Microbiology, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (SRM Group), Tiruchirapalli – 621 105, Tamilnadu, India
Article citation:
Mohamed Marzuk S, Prabhu N, Radhakrishna L, Sarada V. Urine examination for determining the types of crystals – a comparative approach related to pH. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(12):1072-1078. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Studies on the frequency of the different types of urinary crystals and the role of microscopic examination for identification is still uncertain. The analytical complexity of urine particles is largely responsible to understand the pathophysiology of crystal formation. As a result, there is no consensus regarding technical methods in crystalluria with several techniques for urine sampling and three different instruments currently used for particle study, namely particle counting (PC), light microscopy (LM) and petrographic microscopy (PM). Aim: In this work, we first examined urine samples suspected for crystalluria and compared with pH analysis. Settings and Design: We describe the results on the prevalence and typology of crystalluria of the urine samples received in the clinical laboratory of tertiary care rural teaching hospital. Material and Methods: The methodology including the identification of the combined knowledge of crystal morphology with its acidity and alkalinity nature; further confirmation required with infrared spectroscopy and microbial culture analysis. Results and Conclusion: The results highlighted the presence of different types of crystals in the urine samples and strongly supported the pH ranges. The variations in the pH range from 4 to 8. The ratio of 7.5:3.5 was identified among normal and abnormal crystals respectively. Among the normal crystals, calcium oxalate was found in 28% of urine samples and 29% of cystine found among abnormal crystals. The correlation of the results of pH with the crystal formation was well studied and further it gets proved with the theory and reference interpretation.
KEYWORDS: Crystalluria; Calcium oxalate; Cystine; pH ranges; Prevalence.
REFERENCES
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014 Mohamed Marzuk S ,Prabhu N, Radhakrishna L, Sarada V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Abdullah Edreis Abdullah1,*, Adel Nasr Morsi2 Mahgoub Mohammed Elhassan Faragalla3, Mohammed MerghaniElsayed4
Affiliation:-
1Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University-Sudan /Department of medical laboratories.
Yagoub Medical Center, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Department OF Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum-Sudan.
3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The International Center for Medical Investigations, Khartoum, Sudan
4Department of chemical pathology Ribat National Hospital, Ministry of Interior Khartoum, Sudan.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
University of Khartoum, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of chemical pathology, Khartoum, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Abdullah Edreis Abdullah Ehmedi.
Department OF Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University-Sudan.
Yagoub Medical Center, Khartoum, Sudan
Tell: +249913501900
Fax:+249 155775788
Article citation:
Abdullah AE, Morsi AN, Elhassan Faragalla MM, Elsayed MM. The association between male infertility and diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2014; 04(12):1097-1102. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Infertility is already a major health problem in both the developed and developing world, with up to one in six couples requiring specialist investigation or treatments in order to conceive. DM has a significant impact on the fertility of men with this disease both directly and indirectly. There are a number of reports in the literature examining the effects of diabetes on the sperm parameters.
Methodology: This is a retrospective case control study based on data collected by andrology and fertility clinics. The laboratory results of semen analysis (semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology) was collected for 100 diabetic (mean age 37.4 years) and 100 nondiabetic subjects (control group, men undergoing routine infertility investigations, mean age 37.2 years).The data was analyzed using SPSS program and p value was calculated. Results: The patient’s semen parameters differ significantly from control subjects. A reduction in all semen parameters (semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology) has been observed in the diabetic patient group. Diabetic subjects had significantly lower mean of semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology compared with control subjects.
Conclusion: The present study findings revealed that there is an association between infertility and Diabetes Mellitus in Sudanese men.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes Mellitus; Male infertility; Sudan.
REFERENCES
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4.Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010). “Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies”. The Lancet 375 (9733): 2215–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9. PMC2904878. PMID20609967.
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9.Padro´n RS, Dambay A, Sua´ rez R, Ma´ s J. Semen analyses in adolescent diabetic patients. ActaDiabetol Lat.1984;21:115–121.
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Source of support: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Abdullah AE, Morsi AN, Elhassan Faragalla MM, Elsayed MM. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Short Communication
Kanda, Raquel, G*.,(Junior Fellow),França, Bianca, M.,(Junior Fellow),Cerino, Elizabelle, G.,(Junior Fellow),Baima, Eduardo, F.,(Junior Fellow), Lima,Jobson, N.F.,(Junior Fellow),Feitosa,Uilna, N. S,Dr.Lima, Nádia Nara, R.,Dr.Damasceno, Kécia, S.,Dr. Kanda, Paulo, M.,(PhD), Rolim-Neto, Modesto, L.(PhD).
Affiliation:-
*Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil
Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
Neurovale. The electroencephalograph (EEG) laboratory. Taubaté. São Paulo, Brazil
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
2.Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine, 3.Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
4.Neurovale. The electroencephalograph (EEG) laboratory. Taubaté. São Paulo, Brazil
Address reprint requests to
Kanda, Raquel, G.
(Labesci- Federal University of Cariri) Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. Zip Code: 63180000
Article citation:
Kanda RG,França BM,Cerino EG,Lima J NF,Feitosa U NS,Lima NN R,et al. Sexual Harassment: University Stigmata. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(12):1128-1131. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The recurrence of rapes, stalking, jokes and other types of opression against women in renowned universities raises a question: how is it possible to occur so many cases of sexual violence in this setting, where freedom of expression, criticality and equality are paramount values?
Our research revealed many scenarios of sexual abuse, such as Columbia University, State University of São Paulo (USP) and Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), besides other institutions in China, Mozambique and United Kingdom. In most cases the university, that has a lack of legislation about sexual violence, underestimated the act severity and the aggressor did not undergo major punishments. It was also largely reported alcohol association with harassment, harasser's threat and victim's fear to deal with the situation.
We concluded that this phenomenon has a multifactorial cause, including victim’s ignorance about their rights and social hedonist perception of life. The criticality, dignity and equality must be rescued in the academic setting by the University, that has the obligation to provide a safe environment for women to become politically active and knowledgeable of their rights.
KEYWORDS: Abuse; College; Harassment; Sexual; University.
REFERENCES
1.Dinner, Debora. A Firebrand Flickers. Legal Affairs, 2006, [Access in October 5, 2014]. Available on: http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/March-April-2006/review_Dinner_marapr06.msp.
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3.Jordan CE, Combs JL, Smith GT. An Exploration of Sexual Victimization and Academic Performance Among College Women. Trauma, violence & abuse. 2014;15(3):191-200.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014. Kanda RG,França BM,Cerino EG,Lima J NF,Feitosa U NS,Lima NN R,et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Kanda, Raquel, G*.,(Junior Fellow), França, Bianca, M., (Junior Fellow),Cerino, Elizabelle, G.,(Junior Fellow),Baima, Eduardo, F.,(Junior Fellow), Brito, Israel, P., (Junior Fellow), Texeira, Antonio, G.J.,(Junior Fellow), Cartaxo, Jesus, S., Dr. Souza, Sonia, I. R., Dr.Peixoto, Flórido, S. N., Cardoso, Maria Auxiliadora, B. S., Dr.Santos, Maria do Socorro, V., Silva, Cláudio Gleidiston, L., Dr. Kanda, Paulo M. (PhD), Quirino, João de Deus, Rolim-Neto, Modesto, L.,(PhD)
Affiliation:-
*Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil
Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
Neurovale. The electroencephalograph(EEG) laboratory. Taubaté. São Paulo, Brazil
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Federal University of Cariri, Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
2.Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation (PIBIC) / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellow at Faculty of Medicine, 3.Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
4.Neurovale. The electroencephalograph(EEG) laboratory. Taubaté. São Paulo, Brazil
Address reprint requests to
Kanda, Raquel, G.
(Labesci- Federal University of Cariri) Divine Savior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. Zip Code: 63180000
Article citation:
Kanda RG,França BM,Cerino EG,Baima EF,Brito, IP,Texeira, A GJ et al. Road map To schizophrenia genetics: A qualitative systematic review. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(12):1132-1157 Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: The studies that focus on the genetic basis of psychopathologies become increasingly frequent and important. Consequently, genetic markers may be the new instrument to assist the diagnostic accuracy of some complex diseases such as Schizophrenia. Aims: To identify the genes those are involved in the schizophrenia’s etiology and their distribution around the world. Methods: we performed a systematic literature research of studies from January 2004 to august 2014 held by SCOPUS and MEDLINE. The descriptors used in both databases were “genetic markers (medical subject headings [MeSH term])”, “mutation (MeSH term)” and “schizophrenia (MeSH term)”. Of the 149 articles found, 39 met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Many genetic markers are hypothesized to be linked to Schizophrenia. Genetic studies agree with the clinical observation that schizophrenia is highly heritable but the genetics are complex. Although, some genes such as CAPON, COMT, HUMAN QKI, NR2E1, ProDH and ADRBK2 appears to be frequent in more than one nationality. Conclusion: Therefore, these markers must be studied with larger sample sizes to confirm these promising findings. This study also presents a geographical distribution of the genetic markers around the world with its implications to schizophrenia. Interesting results were observed in the genetic patterns of different ethnicities. However, there remains some doubt about the genes identified and further investigation and wider confirmation are needed as both positive and negative replication studies have been reported in different countries, and it is likely that some initial studies have produced false positives.
KEYWORDS: Genetics; Schizophrenia; Systematic Review.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014. Kanda RG, França BM, Cerino EG, Baima EF, Brito, IP, Texeira, A GJ, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Rahul Kumar Mishr1,*, Jitender Dhillon2, Rajesh Pandey3, K. S. Sodhi3, Jasbir Singh3
Affiliation:-
1 MSc MLT (Intern), 2MD Student, 3Professor (MD)
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
Rahul Kumar Mishr.
MSc MLT (Intern), Department of Biochemistry, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India., India
Article citation:
Mishr RK, Dhillon J, Pandey R, Sodhi KS, Singh J. Quantum Dots In Medical Science. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(12):1042-1049. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Quantum dots (QDs) are tiny semiconductor crystals of size 1-10 nanometres made up of compounds from group II to VI and III to V. The exceptional photophysical properties of QDs, particularly photostability and emission as a function of size, make them superior to organic dyes for biological applications: microscopy and multiplexed histology, flow cytometry, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, clinical imaging, real time detection of intracellular events etc. Thus, QDs and their alliance with other aspects of nanotechnology have opened new possibilities for advanced molecular and cellular imaging as well as for ultrasensitive bioassays, diagnostics and therapeutics. However, high-quality and well-controlled trials specifically addressing certain inherent pitfalls of QDs will need to be undertaken before these can be considered for human use.
KEYWORDS: Quantum dots; nanotechnology; medicine; diagnosis; therapy.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Mishr RK ,Dhillon J, Pandey R, Sodhi KS,Singh J. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.