DocumentsDate added
Original article
Durgarani Arava1,*, Rajasekhar Koppada2, Rajyalakshmi Gunti3
Affiliation:-
1,3Assistant professors, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India
2Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India
Department of Microbiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. A. Durga Rani.
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. PIN: 533001
Article citation:
Durgarani A, Rajasekhar K, Rajyalakshmi G. A study of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients in and around Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):53-56.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Aims & objectives: The present study was done to know the prevalence of opportunistic infections in symptomatic HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative individuals in and around Kakinada using simple laboratory screening methods. Material & methods: a total of 573 HIV seropositive and 505 HIV seronegative individuals were screened for opportunistic pathogens from Nov 2012 to Oct 2014. The samples included were stool, sputum and CSF. The methods adopted were saline & iodine wet mounts, Acid fast & modified Acid fast staining, India ink preparation and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Results: Out of 116 stool samples from HIV seropositive patients, 36 (31%) were found to be positive for enteric parasites. Among these Isospora belli was found in 15 cases (13%), Cryptosporidium in 10(8.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) in 5 (4.3%). The positivity in HIV seronegatives was 5.8 %( 10 out of 171). A total number of 339 sputum samples from HIV seropositive patients and 334 sputum samples from HIV seronegatives were tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Out of 339 sputum samples 103 (30.3%) among HIV positive patients and 54 out of 334 (16.1%) sputum samples in HIV seronegatives were positive for MTB . A total of 118 CSF samples were screened for Cryptococcus neoformans and 9 (7.6%) were found to be positive in HIV seropositives. No requisitions were received for Cryptococcus screening in HIV seronegative group. Conclusion: Though syndrome management is a better choice to treat HIV/AIDS in developing countries the routine laboratory methods of screening has a role in specific diagnosis and treatment.
KEYWORDS: CNS Cryptococcosis; Enteric parasites; Human immunodeficiency virus; pulmonary tuberculosis.
REFERENCES
1.Specialist’s training and reference module by NACO, New Delhi.
2.S Gupta, S Narang, V Nunavath, S Singh. Chronic diarrhea in HIV patients: Prevalence of coccidian parasites. Indian J Med Microbiol.2008;26(2):172-5.
3.Khanna N, Chandramuki A, Desai A, Ravi V. Cryptococcal infections of the central nervous system: An analysis of predisposing factors, laboratory findings and outcome in patients from south India with special reference to HIV infection. Indian J Med Microbiol.1996;45:376-9.
4.Khanna N, Chandramuki A, Desai A, Ravi V , Santosh V, Sankar SK, et al. Cryptococcosis in immunocompromised host with special reference to AIDS. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2000;42:311-5.
5.Ouesler KA, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Risk factors for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV- infected patients. AIDS Res Humm Retroviruses.1999;15:625-31.
6.R Gopal, G Manoharan, BK Padmavathy, S Vasanthi.” Cryptococcal meningitis among HIV infected patients”. Indian J Med Microbiol.2001; 19(3):157-158.
7.S Srirangaraj, D Venkatesha. Opportunistic infections in relation to antiretroviral status among AIDS patients from south India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011;29(4):395-400.
8.V Lakshmi, T Sudha, VD Teja , P Uma bala. Prevalence of central nervous system cryptococcosis in human immune deficiency virus reactive hospitalized patients. Indian J Med Microbiol.2007;25(2):146-9.
Copyright © 2015. Durgarani A, Rajasekhar K, Rajyalakshmi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Jardelina Brena Rocha Leite1, Marco Felipe Macêdo Alves1, Matheus Felipe A. Santos1, Roberto Flávio Fontenelle Pinheiro Júnior2, Modesto Leite Rolim Neto2, Sally de França Lacerda Pinheiro2,*
Affiliation:-
1Students of Faculty of Medicine of Cariri, 2Professor of Faculty of Medicine of Cariri, Divino Salvador Street, 284 - Downtown - CEP 63180-000 – Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Faculty of Medicine of Cariri, Divino Salvador Street, 284 - Downtown - CEP 63180-000 – Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
Address reprint requests to
Sally de França Lacerda Pinheiro.
Faculty of Medicine of Cariri, Divino Salvador Street, 284 - Downtown - CEP 63180-000 – Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
Article citation:
Leite J BR,Macêdo Alves MF,Santos MF ,Pinheiro Júnior RF,Rolim-Neto ML,Pinheiro SL. Choose Where You Live: The Impact of the Air Pollution on the Health of a City Habitants: An Observational Transversal Study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(01):39-43. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: Burning dumps and cement industries are polluting activities that affect the health of the population. In the city of Barbalha, Ceará, it was evaluated and compared the prevalence of respiratory diseases in residents of two near and two far neighborhoods of the dump and cement industry.
Methods: It was done an observational transversal study with diagnoses collected through Basic Health Unities medical production records of each neighborhood, classified by patients’ age group, and correlated on Epi Info™7 Program.
Results: At Cirolândia neighborhood, the prevalence of respiratory diseases was 41.25%, and at Bela Vista neighborhood, it was 30.56%, while at Malvinas neighborhood it was 21.90% and at Arajara district it was 13.47%. As for the age groups, there was more irritating and allergenic commitment of nasal mucosa, pharynx, larynx and paranasal sinuses on infants, children, adolescents and young adults, while adults and elder lies were more diagnosed with chronic harms of tracheobronchial tree and lungs.
Conclusions: It was found the larger prevalence of respiratory diseases in residents of Bela Vista and Cirolândia neighborhoods in relation to the farther two neighborhoods, probably due to the polluting activity of the industry and burning dumps, showing the necessity of governmental actions that reduce this pollution.
KEYWORDS: Cement industry; garbage; air pollution; respiratory system.
References
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Copyright © 2015. Leite J BR, Macêdo Alves MF, Santos MF, Pinheiro Júnior RF, Rolim-Neto ML, Pinheiro SL. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Neha Sisodia1,Sharda Yadav1,Tanu Nangia2,Preetinder Singh3,*,Manisha Yadav4,HP Singh5
Affiliation:
1Senior Resident (Dental), Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
2Reader, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, India
3Associate Professor (Periodontics), Swami Devi Dayal Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula (Haryana), India
4Orthodontist, Dental solutions, Gurgaon, India
5Head of Department, Department of dentistry, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Senior Resident (Dental), Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
2.Reader, ITS Dental College, Greater NOIDA, India
3.Assoc. Professor (Periodontics), Swami Devi Dayal Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula (Haryana),India
4.Orthodontist, Dental solutions, Gurgaon, India
5.Head of Department, Department of dentistry, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr .Preetinder Singh.
Associate Professor (Periodontics),
Swami Devi Dayal Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula (Haryana), India
Article citation:
Sisodia N,Yadav S,Nangia T,Singh P,Yadav M,Singh HP Dental Patients’ knowledge and attitude towards Endodontics – A survey. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):80-83.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Aim: The purpose of this survey was to assess the level and sources of information about root canal treatment in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India
Materials and methods: Patients’ knowledge and awareness about root canal treatment as an option to retain teeth were evaluated through a standardized questionnaire distributed to patients visiting the dental OPD. The questionnaires were distributed to the patients (n= 300) during their regular dental visits.
Results: The results of this study indicate that (52%) of the subjects knew about root canals. Multiple visits, High cost were the major factors preventing patients from choosing root canal treatment for management of a painful tooth over extraction.
Conclusion: The results of this survey showed a moderate level of awareness about root canal treatment among the selected sample of dental patients. It also highlighted the need for providing more information to the patients about the advantages of retaining teeth via Endodontic therapy..
KEYWORDS: Dentists; dental caries; Education, Questionnaire; Root canal therapy.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.Roberson T, Harald OH, Edward JS. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 10th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences,Australia, 2006.
2.World Health Organization - Global Strategy On Diet, Physical Activity And Health Facts: Dental Diseases And Oral Health .WHO oral health publications, Geneva 2003.
3.Balkland L, Ingle J, Baumgartner C. Ingles Endodontics . 6th edition.PMPH , USA . 2010. pp114.
4.Rapeephan Nagasiri, Chitmongkolsuk MS. Long-term survival of endodontically treated molars without crown coverage: A retrospective cohort study.JPD2003;93(2):164-170.
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6.Satheesh BH, Omar S. Replacement of Missing Anterior Teeth in a Patient with Temporomandibular Disorder. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2014;39: 4.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015. Sisodia N,Yadav S,Nangia T,Singh P,Yadav M,Singh HP. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Shaimaa A. Sameem1,*, Haydar F.AL-Tukmagi2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Author’s contributions:
Author 1 contributed towards concepts, design, literature survey, data acquisition, manuscript editing and preparation. Author 2 contributed in Design, literature search and data acquisition.
Core idea:
The project was designed to evaluate Iraqi community pharmacist's services to outpatients in accordance with the pharmacy standard ethical principles.
Address reprint requests to
Shaimaa A. Sameem.
Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq or at shaimasameem111@gmail.com
Article citation:
Sameem SA,Al-Tukmagi HF. Do Iraqi community pharmacists act in accordance to the pharmacy ethical principles?. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(01):10-18. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
All pharmacists have the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient and practice in accordance with the ethical principles, these principles which guide them to performance certain tasks and responsibilities include, confidentiality in which the pharmacist preserves the confidentiality information of the patients and does not divulge it, except where authorized by the patient or required by law. Autonomy means that the pharmacist respects the autonomy of the patients and encouraging them to participate in the decisions about their health. While co-operative means that the pharmacist collaborates with other health care professionals to achieve the best outcomes for the patient.
This study was designed to evaluate Iraqi community pharmacist's services to outpatients according to the pharmacy standard ethical principles. It was carried out at private pharmacies in Baghdad city, in AL-Karkh, AL- Resafa and the suburbs. The study was done by using a designed questionnaire.
The results show that the pharmacists who know: ethical principles in Al Karkh region of Baghdad ( group A) were (72.5%), in Al Resafa region (group B) were (67.5%) and only (47.5%) in suburbs of Baghdad (group C), confidentiality meaning in groups A (75%), B (62.5%) and C (47.5%) and respecting the patient's autonomy in groups A (65%), B(42.5%) and C (37.5%). According to these results we conclude that all the pharmacists who were subject to study did not have sufficient information about professional ethics in general and especially in Iraq, do not have laws or clear and specific instructions for commitment as part of the professional ethics within the law of professional practice, it also noted that pharmacists in AL-Karkh region are more obligating even implied to ethics. The results of pharmacies in the suburb were disappointing to the hopes, In conclusion, the pharmacy career in Iraq needs the ethical code to be included as an important part of the pharmacy law as other countries in which the pharmacy practice is depending on such ethical principles..
KEYWORDS: Principles of ethics; law; problems.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Sougata Kumar Burman1,*,Debasis Das2,Subrata Das3,Ronita Roy Chowdhury4,Jayita Mukherjee4,Jayanta Nandi5
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, 4Clinical Tutor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia,India
2Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda,India
3R M O cum Clinical Tutor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan,India
5R M O cum Clinical Tutor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, North Bengal Medical College,Sushrut Nagar, Darjeeling,WB,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, India
2.Malda Medical College, Malda,India
3.Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan,India
4.Obstetrics & Gynaecology, North Bengal Medical College, Sushrut Nagar, Darjeeling, WB, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Sougata Kumar Burman
Assistant Professor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine & J N M Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia,India
Article citation:
Burman SK,Das D,Das S,Chowdhury RR,Mukherjee J,Nandi J. Efficacy of misoprostol and dilatation & evacuation in early pregnancy, abortion: A prospective Randomized Control Trial in a Tertiary care Institution of Kolkata, West Bengal.J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(01):19-24. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of misoprostol(800 µg p/v) with surgical evacuation in the treatment of early pregnancy failure (<12 week period of gestation), adverse effects of misoprostol compared to surgical evacuation for early pregnancy failure and comparing the treatment outcome (bleeding pattern). Methodology: It is a prospective Randomized Controlled Trail conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital,Kolkata 700014 during April 2011 to March 2012. Applying inclusion & exclusion criteria, consecutive 100 patients carrying pregnancy of 12 weeks or less with early pregnancy failure were selected for the study. Selected patients were randomly assigned either in Misoprostol or surgical evacuation, group keeping equal no. of cases in both the group. Participants assigned to medical treatment received 800µg of Misoprostol inserted into the posterior vaginal fornix on the day of enrollment, i.e., Day 1st . If expulsion was not complete by Day 3rd ,they will receive a second dose of Misoprostol (800µg). If by the Day 8 expulsion were not complete then surgical evacuation or dilatation and evacuation was done.Participants assigned to dilatation and evacuation, group would undergo the procedure in operation theatre.Primary outcome measured was completeness of evacuation without the need for additional surgery, confirmed with ultrasonography. Secondary outcome variables were bleeding pattern following treatment,patients requiring blood transfusion,acceptability of misoprostol versus dilatation and evacuation. Hb% on Day 1st & 5th , Safety evaluation in terms of maternal subjective complaints like, lower abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea were also judged.Result:In Misoprostol group induction-abortion interval (between first dose of the drug to evacuation) was 6-8 hours among 20(40%) cases, 9-10 hours in 12(24%) cases and more than 11 hours in 10(20%) cases.23 patients receiving misoprostol experienced side effects with no incidence of rupture uterus. 10(20%) cases found nausea, 3(6%) – vomiting and 10(20%) found with fever(1000F). In Misoprostol group mean Haemoglobin level on Day 1 & Day 15 were 11.7±0.82 & 10.3±0.51gm% respectively and the difference was found statistically significant. In D& E group, Hb% were11.8±.66&10.6±.51gm% respectively.
Conclusion: Medical management represents an efficacious and safe alternative for women preferring non-surgical treatment of EPF.
KEYWORDS: Misoprostol; Dilatation & Evacuation; Early pregnancy abortion; Comparison; Kolkata.
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2.Kuldip Singh,Y F Fong,F Dong.A viable alternative to surgical vacuum aspiration:repeated doses of Intravaginal misoprostol over 9 hours for medical treatment of pregnancies upto 8 weeks.BJOG:February 2003;10:175-80.
3.Thomas Betsy, HabeebullahS.Vaginalmisorostol for medical evacuation of early pregnancy failure.JGOG India,2004;54(4):340-2.
4.David Stockhein et al.Misoprostol for early pregnancy failure.IMAJ2010;12:375-6.
5.Davis AR, HendlishSK,Westhoff C et al. Bleeding patterns after misoprostol vs. surgical treatment of early pregnancy failure, results from an RCT.Am J ObstetGynecol 2007;196:31.e 1-31.e7.
6.R Chawdhary, Arana,N Pradhan.Mifepristone plus vaginal misoprostol vs. vaginal misoprostol alone for medical abortion in gestation 63 days or less in Nepalese Women.A quasi randomized trial.JOGR, 2009;35(1):78-85.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Burman SK,Das D,Das S,Chowdhury RR,Mukherjee J,Nandi J. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.