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Original article
J.O. Sule1,*, F.M. Onyije2 and G.E. Onoru1
Affiliation:-
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
2.Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Address reprint requests to
J.O Sule.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island,Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Article citation:
Sule JO, Onyije FM, Onoru GE. The effects of Irvingia gabonensis (Bush mango) flesh and seed extracts on the biochemical and histological parameters of the liver in Wistar albino rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):25-30.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the biochemical and histological effects of Irvingia gabonensis (seeds and flesh) on the liver of male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty five male albino rats were divided into five groups (1-5), with five rats in each group in a completely randomized design. The treatment regime for the groups were; groups 1-2 received 0.8ml of normal saline, Group 3 received 200mg/Kgbw of I. gabonensis seed extract, Group 4 received 200mg/Kgbw of I. gabonensis flesh extract and Group 5 received 200mg/Kgbw of vitamin E. The treatment was administered once daily by oral intubation for 21 days. After which groups (2-5) received a single dose of 200mg/Kgbw acetaminophen.
Results: There is significant increase (p≤0.05) in the level of AST (44.73± 3.72) in untreated group when compared the treated groups (43.48±1.3 and 43.13± 5.02) for seed and flesh extracts respectively. ALT (18.60± 1.11) in seed extracts was not significantly different from the control (18.35 ± 1.34) but there was a significant decrease when compared with the standard group (19.08± 0.59). However, the flesh extract showed significant increase in the ALT (23.35± 3.88) when compared with the control. The levels of total protein decreased significantly in rat groups pretreated with seed extracts (54.80± 2.67) when compared with the negative control (58.87± 1.98). Also, level of total protein significantly increased (p≤0.05) in rat group pretreated with flesh extract when compared with the negative control. There is no significant difference in the levels of ALP in pretreated rat groups and the control. Photomicrographs of liver showed mild to severe degenerative effects on the histology of the liver investigated. Some of the histopathological effects observed in the liver were partial radial appearance from the Portal triad, total loss of radial appearance from the central vein, sinusoidal dilatation around the portal triad, congestion of portal triad with inflammatory cells, loss of radial appearance and distortion of tissue architecture.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that I. gabonensis (seeds and flesh) consumption should be with caution.
KEYWORDS: I. gabonensis; Bush mango; Histology; Portal triad; Aminotransferase; BW (Body weight).
Source of support: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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Copyright © 2014 Sule JO, Onyije FM, Onoru GE. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Mangal S Pawar*, YS Tawar
Affiliation:-
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
Mangal S Pawar.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan,India
Article citation:
Panwar MS,Tanwar YS. Evaluation of stability of diltiazem hydrochloride floating microspheres at normal and accelerated conditions. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):57-60.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The floating microspheres formulation containing diltiazem hydrochloride was prepared by non aqueous solvent evaporation method. With the recent trend towards globalization of manufacturing operation, it is imperative that the final product be sufficiently rugged for marketing worldwide under various climatic conditions including tropical, sub tropical and temperate. Stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. The floating microspheres were placed in a screw capped glass containers and stored at room temperature, (25 ± 2°C) and humidity chamber (40°C, 75 % RH) for a period of 90 days. The product was evaluated for appearance every 10 days. Drug polymer compatibility and drug release studies were conducted as per the planned scheduled.
KEYWORDS: Diltiazem hydrochloride, Floating microspheres, Stability studies.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2015. Panwar MS, Tanwar YS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Durgarani Arava1,*, Rajasekhar Koppada2, Rajyalakshmi Gunti3
Affiliation:-
1,3Assistant professors, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India
2Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, India
Department of Microbiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. A. Durga Rani.
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. PIN: 533001
Article citation:
Durgarani A, Rajasekhar K, Rajyalakshmi G. A study of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients in and around Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):53-56.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Aims & objectives: The present study was done to know the prevalence of opportunistic infections in symptomatic HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative individuals in and around Kakinada using simple laboratory screening methods. Material & methods: a total of 573 HIV seropositive and 505 HIV seronegative individuals were screened for opportunistic pathogens from Nov 2012 to Oct 2014. The samples included were stool, sputum and CSF. The methods adopted were saline & iodine wet mounts, Acid fast & modified Acid fast staining, India ink preparation and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Results: Out of 116 stool samples from HIV seropositive patients, 36 (31%) were found to be positive for enteric parasites. Among these Isospora belli was found in 15 cases (13%), Cryptosporidium in 10(8.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) in 5 (4.3%). The positivity in HIV seronegatives was 5.8 %( 10 out of 171). A total number of 339 sputum samples from HIV seropositive patients and 334 sputum samples from HIV seronegatives were tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Out of 339 sputum samples 103 (30.3%) among HIV positive patients and 54 out of 334 (16.1%) sputum samples in HIV seronegatives were positive for MTB . A total of 118 CSF samples were screened for Cryptococcus neoformans and 9 (7.6%) were found to be positive in HIV seropositives. No requisitions were received for Cryptococcus screening in HIV seronegative group. Conclusion: Though syndrome management is a better choice to treat HIV/AIDS in developing countries the routine laboratory methods of screening has a role in specific diagnosis and treatment.
KEYWORDS: CNS Cryptococcosis; Enteric parasites; Human immunodeficiency virus; pulmonary tuberculosis.
REFERENCES
1.Specialist’s training and reference module by NACO, New Delhi.
2.S Gupta, S Narang, V Nunavath, S Singh. Chronic diarrhea in HIV patients: Prevalence of coccidian parasites. Indian J Med Microbiol.2008;26(2):172-5.
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Copyright © 2015. Durgarani A, Rajasekhar K, Rajyalakshmi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Sharma R C, Badyal Ashima*
Affiliation:-
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CMC Pathankot, Punjab, India
*Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Jammu, J&K, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CMC Pathankot, Punjab, India
*Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Jammu, J&K, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Ashima Badyal.
Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Jammu, J&K, India or at badyal.ashima@gmail.com
Article citation:
Sharma RC, Badyal A. NDVH: An alternative approach of hysterectomy. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(01):50-52. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The specialty of gynecology and obstetrics, in association with biochemical evaluations, exclusively caters to specific health need of the women in medical science. The reproductive system of women also follows a unique biological rhythm and undergoes specific changes with different cycles of reproduction anatomically, physiologically and biochemically. These phases are associated with different reference values of female sex hormones which should be timely ruled out. Research studies, world over, have worked in wide range of areas, including psychological and biochemical aspects of different reproductive phases, like pregnancy, menopause, contraception, infertility and surgical loss of uterus and breast, each being associated with different kind of stress. Evaluation of such problems, which turn into various complications like fibroid, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc, due to hormonal imbalance, so common in females, and specific to the cases where uterus is no longer required, sometimes generally leads to the decision of hysterectomy. Hysterectomy, abdominal or nondesent vaginal or subtotal laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy is by far the most frequently performed elective major operation in gynaecology. Non Descended Vaginal Hysterectomy must be practiced in all such cases where there is an indication for hysterectomy, because of fewer postoperative complications and almost no stress of major surgery. No abdominal incision is involved, and hence, cosmetically approved by patients, which allow recovery and return to work. There is an ample opportunity to learn and master vaginal delivery hence, thereby it is in the best interest of the patient if vaginal route is mastered and preferred. In order to maximize the proportion of hysterectomies performed vaginally, gynecologist need to be familiar with surgical techniques for dealing with non-descended uterus.
KEYWORDS: Hysterectomy, mental health, reproductive phases, Non Descended Vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH).
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2015. Sharma RC, Badyal A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Smitha Nayak1, K.V.M.Varambally 2,Vinod C.Nayak3,Shankar B3,¥
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, 2Director, 3Associate Professor, School of Management, Manipal University Manipal, India
3,¥Associate Professor, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. School of Management, Manipal University Manipal, India
2. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Smitha Nayak
Associate Professor, School of Management, Manipal University Manipal, India or at smithanayak.v@manipal.edu
Article citation:
Nayak S, Varambally KVM, Nayak VC, Shankar B. Impact of mass media on healthcare seeking behavior. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(01):44-49. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The objective of the study is to obtain insights into the impact of mass media (television, news -paper, radio) on health seeking behavior among women with specific reference to Antenatal Care (ANC). ANC service, the dependent variable, is a dichotomous variable, defined as if the woman has received ANC from a trained healthcare professional (doctor, lady health visitor, auxiliary nurse midwife, nurse) at least once during the last pregnancy.
Results: Among 600 respondents of the study, around 61per cent (369 respondents) utilized ANC service form a trained healthcare professional at least once during their previous pregnancy and extent of ANC service. The extent of ANC service utilization was ‘low’ (29 per cent), ‘moderate’ (43 per cent) and ‘high’ (28 per cent) among the 369 respondents who had accessed ANC service. Socio Demographic factors had a significant association to ANC service utilization. Correlation analysis revealed that media exposure (r=0.65 ***) has a significant positive correlation to ANC service utilization. Logistic regression analysis revealed that media exposure had a significant influence of ANC service utilization (β=.43, t (364) =12.6, p<0.01). .
KEYWORDS: Mass media; Antenatal care; Health seeking behavior.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2015. Nayak S, Nayak VC, Varambally KVM, Shankar B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.