DocumentsDate added
Original article
Purvi R Bhagat.1,*,M.S., D.O, Mariam N Mansuri2.,M.S.,Vibha Metha3.,M.S.
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor,2Professor,3Senior Resident, Glaucoma Clinic, M & J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad-380016,Gujarat,India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
M & J Institute Of Ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad-380016,India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Bhagat Purvi R.
Associate Professor, Glaucoma Clinic, M & J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology,Ahmedabad- 380016, Gujarat, India or at dr.purvibhagat@yahoo.com
Article citation:
Bhagat PR,Mansuri MN,Mehta V. Primary congenital glaucoma The iceberg disease : Four years data from a tertiary care centre of a developing country. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):67-71. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Context: Primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG ) is an uncommon type of glaucoma but due to the long anticipated life span of the afflicted, it leads to considerable economic blindness. Therefore, the importance of treating them young cannot be over emphasized.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the total burden and epidemiology of PCG at a tertiary referral care centre.
Material & Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2013 and included one fifty(150) eyes of 110 patients, aged < 11 years. Each patient underwent detailed systemic and ophthalmic examination, examination under anaesthesia (EUA) followed by appropriate surgical intervention.
Results: 68 (61.82%) patients were boys and 42 (38.18%) patients were girls. 41 (37.27%) patients belonged to 0-1 year age group; 29 (26.36%) patients to 1-5 years; 24 (21.82%) patients to 5-8 years and 16(14.54%) to 8-11 years. 70 (63.63%) patients had unilateral involvement, while 40 (36.36%) patients had bilateral affection. Nine(9) eyes required resurgery. Two(2) eyes of a single patient required resurgery twice. One(1) eye underwent shunt surgery.
Conclusion: Over the four year analysis, 150 eyes were found to be affected with PCG. Though this represents only the burden at a tertiary centre, this treatable and preventable cause of blindness raises an important field of concern. Concentrated efforts for early diagnosis and timely treatment can help to nullify the deleterious effects of PCG. Public education and active parental counselling are also additional keys for PCG prevention.
KEYWORDS: Glaucoma; Primary congenital glaucoma; Buphthalmos; Trabeculotomy.
Key message: Congenital glaucoma has an exorbitant impact on the lives of the afflicted, their families and on the productivity of the society but it still lacks attention. Over a four year retrospective analysis, 150 eyes were found to be affected with Primary congenital glaucoma. Though this number appears to be small and represents only the burden at a tertiary centre, this treatable and preventable cause of blindness raises an important field of concern if the results can be expanded to the community level. Concentrated efforts for early diagnosis and timely treatment can help to nullify the deleterious effects of PCG thereby improving the quality of the childs future. Public awareness and education remain the key. Discouraging consanguinous marriages and active parental counselling are also additional keys for PCG prevention.
Statement of Originality of work : The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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Copyright © 2015. Bhagat PR,Mansuri MN,Mehta V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva, Raul Rodrigues Barros, Bernardo Nogueira Faé, Jucier Gonçalves Júnior, João Vitor Cândido Pimentel, Modesto Leite Rolim Neto, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos*
Affiliation:-
Faculty of Medicine,Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil.
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Faculty of Medicine,Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil.
Address reprint requests to
Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos.
284, Divine Savior Street, Downtown, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil, 63180000.
Phone Number: +055(88)98214066
ABSTRACT:
Background: Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused most commonly by Strongyloides stercoralis, an endemic helminth in rural populations of tropical and subtropical climates. There are many clinical presentations, but most infected patient presents asymptomatically or with classic symptoms of helminthiasis; however, atypical presentations are occasionally seen. Case report: We report a case of strongyloidiasis simulating a gastric tumor, in a dyspeptic patient with risk factors for stomach cancer. Diagnosis was achieved through histopathology examination of the lesions, which showed larvae of S. stercoralis. This case was treated by Albendazole. Conclusions: After all, we concluded that gastrointestinal cancers must have strongyloidiasis as a differential diagnosis. And our case is important for (re-)estimating the burden of helminth infections and highlights the need for integrating epidemiological surveys, rigorous diagnostic approaches and clinical assessments in the developing world.
KEYWORDS: Atypical presentation; Case report; Strongyloidiasis.
Article citation:
Lima da Silva CG, Rodrigues RB, Faé BN, Gonçalve J, Pimentel Cândido JV, Rolim-Neto ML, et al. Strongyloidis stercoralis simulating gastric tumor: A case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014;05(01):06-09. Available at www.jpbms.info
REFERENCES
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21.Suputtamongkol, Y., Premasathian, N., Bhumimuang, K., Waywa, D., Nilganuwong, S., Karuphong, E. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Single and Double Doses of Ivermectin versus 7-Day High Dose Albendazole for Chronic Strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011; 5(5): e1044.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014. Lima da Silva CG,Rodrigues RB,Faé BN,Gonçalve J,Pimentel Cândido JV,Rolim-Neto ML, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Shaimaa A. Sameem1,*, Haydar F.AL-Tukmagi2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Author’s contributions:
Author 1 contributed towards concepts, design, literature survey, data acquisition, manuscript editing and preparation. Author 2 contributed in Design, literature search and data acquisition.
Core idea:
The project was designed to evaluate Iraqi community pharmacist's services to outpatients in accordance with the pharmacy standard ethical principles.
Address reprint requests to
Shaimaa A. Sameem.
Department of Health in Baghdad AL-Karkh / AL-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq or at shaimasameem111@gmail.com
Article citation:
Sameem SA,Al-Tukmagi HF. Do Iraqi community pharmacists act in accordance to the pharmacy ethical principles?. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(01):10-18. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
All pharmacists have the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient and practice in accordance with the ethical principles, these principles which guide them to performance certain tasks and responsibilities include, confidentiality in which the pharmacist preserves the confidentiality information of the patients and does not divulge it, except where authorized by the patient or required by law. Autonomy means that the pharmacist respects the autonomy of the patients and encouraging them to participate in the decisions about their health. While co-operative means that the pharmacist collaborates with other health care professionals to achieve the best outcomes for the patient.
This study was designed to evaluate Iraqi community pharmacist's services to outpatients according to the pharmacy standard ethical principles. It was carried out at private pharmacies in Baghdad city, in AL-Karkh, AL- Resafa and the suburbs. The study was done by using a designed questionnaire.
The results show that the pharmacists who know: ethical principles in Al Karkh region of Baghdad ( group A) were (72.5%), in Al Resafa region (group B) were (67.5%) and only (47.5%) in suburbs of Baghdad (group C), confidentiality meaning in groups A (75%), B (62.5%) and C (47.5%) and respecting the patient's autonomy in groups A (65%), B(42.5%) and C (37.5%). According to these results we conclude that all the pharmacists who were subject to study did not have sufficient information about professional ethics in general and especially in Iraq, do not have laws or clear and specific instructions for commitment as part of the professional ethics within the law of professional practice, it also noted that pharmacists in AL-Karkh region are more obligating even implied to ethics. The results of pharmacies in the suburb were disappointing to the hopes, In conclusion, the pharmacy career in Iraq needs the ethical code to be included as an important part of the pharmacy law as other countries in which the pharmacy practice is depending on such ethical principles..
KEYWORDS: Principles of ethics; law; problems.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Original article
Fu Wen-Juan1, Chen Ju2, Ke Jian1, Yu Wen-Hui1, Wang Lan-Ying2, Wu Ding-Tao2,
Xiong Ai-Hua1, Nie Hong1* and Zhao Jing2*
Affiliation:
1Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
Address reprint requests to
Nie Hong/Zhao Jing
Tel: 86-20-85222810
Fax: 86-20-85224476
Article citation:
Fu Wen-Juan, Chen Ju, Ke Jian, Yu Wen-Hui, Wang Lan-Ying, Wu Ding-Tao, et al. Gastroprotective activity of Hericium erinaceus on gastric injury rat model induced by glacial acetic acid and pyloric ligation. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):72-79. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of Hericium erinaceus extracts against gastric ulcer by glacial acetic acid combining pyloric ligation acute gastric ulcer rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups including control, model, cimetidine (0.04 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (2.0 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (2.0 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1) and HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1). The drugs were given intragastrically once daily for 14 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, 2mL of 14.5 mmol/L glacial acetic acid was administered intragastrically, and pylorus was ligated with 3% pentobarbital sodium anesthesia to establish acute gastric ulcer rat models. Variables including gastric acidity, area of gastric ulcer, gastric H&E staining and activities of pepsin, trypsin, and lipase were investigated. The results showed that HTG-2-P (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg-1.d-1) and HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1) could raise the pH of gastric acid back to normal (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Compared with the model group, HTG-2-S (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (2 g.kg-1.d-1), HTG-2-P (0.5 g.kg-1.d-1), and HTG-2-P (0.125g.kg-1.d-1) could significantly reduce the gastric ulcer area and lower the activity of pepsin (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). All dose groups of HTG-2-S and HTG-2-P were able to alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration in gastric mucous and submucous layers of rats. Therefore, we confirmed that extracts of Hericium erinaceus possessed remarkably protective effects against acute gastric ulcer in rats.
KEYWORDS: Hericium erinaceus; acute gastric ulcer; pyloric ligation; glacial acetic acid; pepsin; gastric acidity.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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Abbreviations: A, Control; B, Model; C, Cimetidine (0.04 g.kg -1.d-1); D, HTG-2-S (2.0 g.kg -1.d-1); E, HTG-2-S (0.5 g.kg -1.d-1); F, HTG-2-S (0.125 g.kg -1.d-1); G, HTG-2-P (2.0 g.kg -1.d-1); H, HTG-2-P (0.5 g.kg -1.d-1); I, HTG-2-P (0.125 g.kg -1.d-1).
Source of support: None
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015. Fu Wen-Juan, Chen Ju, Ke Jian, Yu Wen-Hui, Wang Lan-Ying, Wu Ding-Tao, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Mangal S Pawar*, YS Tawar
Affiliation:-
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
Mangal S Pawar.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhupal Nobles, College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan,India
Article citation:
Panwar MS,Tanwar YS. Evaluation of stability of diltiazem hydrochloride floating microspheres at normal and accelerated conditions. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(01):57-60.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The floating microspheres formulation containing diltiazem hydrochloride was prepared by non aqueous solvent evaporation method. With the recent trend towards globalization of manufacturing operation, it is imperative that the final product be sufficiently rugged for marketing worldwide under various climatic conditions including tropical, sub tropical and temperate. Stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. The floating microspheres were placed in a screw capped glass containers and stored at room temperature, (25 ± 2°C) and humidity chamber (40°C, 75 % RH) for a period of 90 days. The product was evaluated for appearance every 10 days. Drug polymer compatibility and drug release studies were conducted as per the planned scheduled.
KEYWORDS: Diltiazem hydrochloride, Floating microspheres, Stability studies.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2015. Panwar MS, Tanwar YS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.