DocumentsDate added
Original article
Tim Houghton T1,*, Swarupjit Ghata1, Ranjit K Mishra1,¥, Jatasankar Mohapatra1,£, Dharmendra Dugar1,†
Affiliation:
1P.G Student,1¥Professor and HOD, 1£Professor, 1†M.S, Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Tim Houghton T
P.G Student, Department of General surgery, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Article citation:
Tim HT , Ghata S, Mishra RK , Mohapatra JS, Dugar D. Clinicopathological study on hollow viscus perforation. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):100-103. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: This work on hollow viscus perforation was done to evaluate the etiological factors, clinical parameters, laboratory and Radiological investigations in the diagnosis and to compare and evaluate post operative recovery till time of discharge.
Methods: This is a prospective study of 41 consecutive cases of hollow viscus perforation that were operated, from December 2012.
Results and conclusion: The commonest cause was of hollow viscus perforation was perforated duodenal ulcer. Most common symptom of was pain abdomen and next was vomiting. The mean duration of presenting complaint was 48 hours. Prolonged duration of presenting complaint was associated with increased occurrence postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stay. Use of x-ray abdomen along with USG of the abdomen helps in clinching the diagnosis in most cases. The most common complication was postoperative wound infection. From this study it is found that early presentation, early diagnosis, good preoperative resuscitation, timely surgical intervention, good post operative care is essential in all cases of hollow viscus perforation to reduce mortality.
KEYWORDS: Hollow viscus perforation; surgery; clinicopathological study.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.Silen W: Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen, 22nd ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2010. P. 6.
2.Kauffman GL, Jr. Acute abdomen In : Corson JD Williamson RCN. Editors surgery Mosby, UK 2001;3:3.1 to 3:3.14.
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5.Dandapat MC et al. Gastrointestianl perforation review of 340 cases. Indian J Surg 1991;53(5):189-193.
6.Rao CDM, Mathur D, Anand RM. Gastrointestinal perforation – A study of 46 cases. Indian J Surg 1984;94-96.
7.Nair SK, Singhal VS, Kumar S. Non-traumatic intestinal perforation. Indian J Surg 1981;43(5):371-78.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015. Tim HT , Ghata S, Mishra RK , Mohapatra JS, Dugar D. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Vaishali D. Kotasthane1,*, Dhananjay S Kotasthane1, G Koteeswaran1,Alok Mohanty2
Affiliation:
1Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry -607402, India
2Department of General Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry -607402, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute,SBV University, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry -607402, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Vaishali D. Kotasthane, MD(Pathology),
Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402. India
Article citation: Kotasthane VD, Kotasthane DS, Koteeswaran G, Mohanty A. Clinicopathological study of colorectal tumors: A four year study in a rural tertiary care hospital in South India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):139-146. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Background: Colorectal tumors are thought to be comparatively uncommon in developing countries like India. Recent studies showed steady increase in incidence of colorectal cancers for developing countries. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate histological types of colorectal tumors with respect to demographic data like age, gender distribution, anatomical site and grading.
Material and methods: This was a descriptive study of colorectal biopsies/specimens from May 2008 to May 2012 carried out in Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, a tertiary care hospital in Pondicherry. Relevant information like age, sex, site and clinical features was noted.
Statistical method: The data compiled was analyzed for demographic and biographical details like age, sex, site, clinical features, gross findings and light microscopic histopathological diagnosis. Descriptive analysis were reported as mean and standard deviation of continuous variables. Unpaired t test and chi-square test were used and value of p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results and conclusions: Total 68 colorectal tumors were observed, representing 6.7% of all tumors during study period. Out of these, 60.3% were malignant. Rectal carcinomas predominated over colonic carcinomas. For Colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), mean age at presentation was 61.8 years in males and 50.8 years in females which was significantly lower (p=0.0012) with Adenocarcinoma-NOS as commonest subtype. Early age at presentation in females, suggests that colonoscopic screening will be useful for early detection. Quantitative estimates of this study are of interest for future population-based studies and are potentially useful for targeting screening colonoscopy programmes.
KEYWORDS: Colorectal tumors; Adenocarcinomas; Polyps;Adenomas.
REFERENCES
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2 Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B, Kudo S, Riboli E,Nakamura S, Hainaut P, Rubio CA et al.Tumors of the Colon and Rectum, In: Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA ,editors. World Health organization classification of tumors; Pathology and genetics of tumors of Digestive system. Lyon, France: IAARC Press; 2010.p.132-46.
3.Shah A, Wani NA. A study of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Indian J Gastroenterol 1991;10(1):12-3.
4.Laishram RS, Kaiho N, Shimrey R, Sorokhaiban BD, Punyabati P,S harma DC. Histopathological Evaluation of Colorectal Carcinomas Status in Manipur,India. International J of Pathol 2010;8(1):5-8.
5.National Cancer Registry Programme, Biennial Report; Population Based Cancer Registries1988-1989.Indian Council of Medical Research: New Delhi.
6.Shantha V, Swaminathan R, Nalini, Kavitha M. Population Based Cancer Registry2001-2003.Chennai Cancer Institute , Adyar,Chennai.
7.Turner JR: The Gastrointestinal tract. In: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8/e, New Delhi,India: Elsevier;.2010:820-823.
8.Bafandeh Y, Khoshbaten M, Sadat AT, Farhang S. Clinical predictors of colorectal polyps and carcinoma in a low prevalence region: Results of a colonoscopy based study. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14(10): 1534–1538.
9.Ohayis AR, Nzwgwu,Akindal SA,Barnabas M.Histopathological pattern of colorectal tumors in JOS University teaching hospital ,JOS. A 5 year retrospective review from January 1999-December 2003.Advances in Bioresearch 2011;2(2):127-131.
10.Minami Y, Nishino Y, Tsubono Y, Tsuji I, Hisamichi S. Increase of colon and rectal cancer incidence rates in Japan: trends in incidence rates in Miyagi Prefecture, 1959-1997. J Epidemiol 2006;16:240–248.
11.Ghassemi H, Harrison G, Mohammad K. An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran. Public Health Nutr 2002;5:149-155.
12.Jhajj KK, Sood N,Malhotra V: Histopathological profile of tumours of midgut and hindgut-five year study in tertiary care hospital with review of literature.Intr J of Pathol 2011;13(1) .
13.Peedikayil MC,Nair P,Seena SM,Radhakrishnan L,Sadasivan S,Narayanan VA,Balkrishnan.Colorectal cancer distribution in 220 Indian patient undergoing colonoscopy. Indian J Gastroenterology 2009; 28(6):212-15.
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15.Bafandeh Y, Daghestani D, Esmaili H, Aharizad S. Distribution of cancer and adenomatous polyps in the colorectum: study in an Iranian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2006;7:65–68.
16.Scheiden R,Sand J,Pandin M,Wagenar Y,Capesius C.Colorectal high grade adenomas:incidence, localization and adenoma-carcinoma ratio in a retrospectiveand comparative population - based study of 225 consecutive cases between 1988 and 1996.Int J colorectal Dis 2000;1(1):29-34.
17.Fenoglio CM, Kaye GI, Pascal RR, Lane N. Defining the precursor tissue of ordinary large bowel carcinoma: implications for cancer prevention. Pathol Annu 1977;12(Pt 1):87–116.
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19.Fazeli MS, Adel MG, Lebaschi AH. Colorectal carcinoma: a retrospective,descriptive study of age, gender, subsite, stage, and differentiation in Iran from 1995 to 2001 as observed in Tehran University.Dis Colon Rectum 2007 Jul;50(7):990-5.
20.Deo SV,Sukla NK, Srinivas G, Mohanti BK,Raina V,Sharma A,Rath GK.Colorectal cancers –experience at a regional cancer centre in Indian Trop Gastroenterol 2001;22(2):83-86.
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26.DiSario JA, Burt RW, Kendrick ML et al.Colorectal cancers of rare histologic types compared with adenocarcinomas.Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1277–80.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Kotasthane VD, Kotasthane DS, Koteeswaran G, Mohanty A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
P.Vijayalakshmi* M.D (Microbiology)
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr.P.Vijayalakshmi.
Professor & H.O.D
Department of Microbiology
Malla Reddy Medical College for Women
Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Article citation: Vijayalakshmi P. Association of STD with HIV. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):166-167. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Background: STDs such as genital ulcer disease and possibly chlamydia trachomatis genital infections, facilitate the sexual transmission of HIV infection, thus making STD clinic attenders potentially more susceptible to HIV transmission.
Objective:To determine the prevalence of HIV in STD patients.
Methods: Data was collected from 200 patients suffering from STDs for a period of one year.
Blood samples were collected from 100 normal, healthy, voluntary blood donors to serve as a control for the present study. The diagnosis of the various STDs was established by standard laboratory investigations done with blood, urine, cervical, vaginal and urethral swabs and exudates from the lesions.
The VDRL test was routinely performed on all the sera collected.
ELISA test was employed for HIV screening. The ELISA test was repeated in positive cases and confirmation was done by the Western Blot test, at the National Institute of Virology, Pune.
Results: Of the 20 reactive cases, 17 were found to be suffering from genital ulcerative disease, predominantly syphilis and chancroid .
Conclusion: HIV infection was found to be more in younger age groups, more in males than in females.
KEYWORDS: HIV; STD; Prevalence.
REFERENCES
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2. Masur H Michelis etal N Eng J Med 305, 1431-38-1981.
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4.Vogt M et al. LANCET 1, 525-27 1987.
5. Zeiger et al. Papers presented at the 4th Int. Conference on AIDS, stockholm 12-16 June, 1988 Abst 5100, P-339.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Vijayalakshmi P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Simarpreet V.Sandhu1., MDS, MAMS., Rajeev Tiwari2 ., MD., Preetinder Kaur3,*.,BDS., RamanPreet K Bhullar4., MDS., Rajat Bhandari5., MDS., Shivani Garg6.,BDS.
Affiliation:
1Professor and Head, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur-152001, Punjab, India
2Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur,152001, Punjab, India
3PG Student, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur-152001, Punjab, India
4,5Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur-152001, Punjab, India
6PG Student, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur-152001, Punjab, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur-152001, Punjab, India
Address reprint requests to
* Preetinder Kaur.
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur152001, Punjab, India
Article citation:
Sandhu SV, Tiwari R, Kaur P, Bhullar RamanPreet K, Bhandari R, Garg S. Antifungal activity of commonly used spices in indian households against oral candidiasis: An In vitro study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(02):160-165.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: The frequency of life-threatening infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms has increased worldwide. Due to the increasing development of drug resistance in human pathogens as well as the appearance of undesirable effect of certain antimicrobial agents, there is a need to search for new agents without toxicity and side effects. Research on antimicrobial effects of plants assumes certain importance because of fewer side effects and being economically cost effective.
Aim: To evaluate the anticandidal effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Eugenia aromatica (clove) and Curcuma longa (turmeric).
Material & methods: Candida obtained from the palate of a denture wearing patient was inoculated on the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium. Streaking was done on petri dishes containing SDA medium with respective plant extracts and which were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The anticandidal activity of the extracts and their potency was qualitatively assessed by the presence or absence of growth on the culture plates.
Results: The results showed that both alcoholic and aqueous plant extracts of clove and alcoholic extract of cinnamon exhibited inhibitory effect on candidal growth.
Conclusion: Plant extracts could be used as a good alternative to overcome the unavoidable side effects of available antifungals.
KEYWORDS: Antimicrobial; Candida; plant extracts; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA).
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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11.Suhr KI, Nielsen PV. Antifungal activity of essential oils evaluated by two different application techniques against rye bread spoilage fungi. J ApplMicrobiol. 2003;94,665-74.
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18.Dalirsani Z, Adibpour M, Aghazadeh M, Amirchaghmaghi M, Falaki F, Mozafari PM, et al. In Vitro Comparison of Inhibitory Activity of 10 Plant Extracts against Candida Albicans. Aust J Basic Appl Sci.2011;5:930-5.
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20.Martins CV, da SilvaDL, Neres AT, Magalhaes TF, Watanabe GA, Modolo LV, Sabino AA, de Fátima A, de Resende MA.Curcumin as a promising antifungal of clinical interest. J AntimicrobChemother. 2009;63:337–9.
21.Ahmad I, MehmoodZ, MohammadF. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial propersities. JEthnopharmacal. 1998;62:183-93.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015. Sandhu Sv,Tiwari R,Kaur P,Bhullar RamanPreet K,Bhandari R,Garg S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mini review
Shubham Singh, Supraj Raja Sangam, Venkateswara Rao Joginapalli, Senthilkumar Rajagopal*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Senthilkumar Rajagopal.
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
Article citation: Singh S, Sangam SR, Joginapalli VR, Rajagopal S. Alcohol-induced gastric inflammation. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):174-177. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Accumulating evident suggests that gastrointestinal systems (GI) is more vulnerable to the oxidative stress, exposure to Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a prospective diseases like fatty liver, cirrhosis, diarrhea, vomiting, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). GI tract plays a particularly important role in the alcohol metabolism and absorption among the many other organ systems in the body. Alcohol/acetaldehyde is an oxidative stress inducer on gastric epithelial cells. Alcohol-induced damage to the mucosal lining of the stomach also increases the risk of gastric inflammation and gastric cancer. Moreover, increasing evidences suggests that investigating the important genes involving the gastric cancer are very intrigue. This article communicates the molecular aspects of gastritis and gastric cancer.
KEYWORDS: Alcohol, glycine; gut microbiota; inflammatory bowl diseases; reactive oxygen species.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Source of funding: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, and Government of India to R.S
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Singh S, Sangam SR, Joginapalli VR, Rajagopal S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.