DocumentsDate added
Case report
Lakshmi Kant Pathak.1,*, MD, MRCP, FACP, Chirag Chavda2.,MD, Mohamed Mohamed,1,±, MD, Vimala Vijayaraghavan3, MD
Affiliation:
1,*,±Sanford Medical Center, University of North Dakota, Fargo, USA
2Methodist Health system, Dallas, USA
3Caribbean Medical University, Chicago, USA
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Sanford Medical Center, University Of North Dakota, Fargo, USA
2.Methodist Health system, Dallas, USA
3.Caribbean Medical University, Chicago, USA
Address reprint requests to
Dr Lakshmi Kant Pathak, MD, MRCP, FACP
Sanford Medical Center, University of North Dakota, Fargo, USA
Article citation:
Pathak LK,Chavda C,Mohamed M,Vijayaraghavan V. The idiom, laughter is the best medicine is not always true. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy precipitated by positive emotion, recurrence in the patient. Understanding the facts and review of literature. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):131-133. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is a rare but well described entity. The disease is also known as stress induced cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome. As the name implies, it is usually but not always associated with an antecedent stressful event. Almost all cases of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are triggered by negative stressors such as anger, grief, and anxiety. Some cases are triggered by physical exertion. Complete recovery is the most common outcome and recurrence is very rare. It is also called broken heart syndrome.
It mimics acute coronary syndrome and the correct diagnosis is based on angiographic finding of apical ballooning in the absence of significant coronary obstruction.
This article reports a unique case of recurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy not described before triggered by a positive emotion in the same patient. To our knowledge, this is the only case report of recurrence twice following positive emotion as the trigger in the same patient. This patient condition on the contrary can be called "happy heart syndrome" or may be “laughter disaster”.
The patient had an uneventful course following both episodes.
The article also reviews briefly the literature available on etiology, pathogenesis andprognosis..
KEYWORDS: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; recurrence; positive emotions; LV dysfunction.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1."Happiness" and stress cardiomyopathy (apical ballooning syndrome/Takotsubo syndrome) Int J Cardiol. 2014;172(1):e182-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.140. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
2.Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome: A systematic review. Pilgrim TM, Wyss TR. Int J Cardiol. Mar 14 2008; 124(3):283-92.
3.Singh K, Carson K, Usmani Z, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and correlates of recurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. Jul 1 2014; 174(3):696-701.
4.Kawai S, Kitabatake A, Tomoike H. Guidelines for diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Circ J. Jun 2007; 71(6):990-2.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Pathak LK, Chavda C, Mohamed M, Vijayaraghavan V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Vinit Kumar1, Sonam Birtharey1, Neha Gupta1, Krishna K Yadav1,*,Sanjay K Vishwakarma2
Affiliation:
1Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., India
2Department of Biotechnology, Microtek Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, U.P., India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., India
2.Department of Biotechnology, Microtek Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, U.P., India
Address reprint requests to
*Krishna Kumar Yadav.
Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., India
Article citation:
Kumar V, Birtharey S, Gupta N, Yadav KK, Vishwakarma SK. Study of Biomedical waste generation and management by government and private hospitals in Jhansi City(U.P.), India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):122-125. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
All over the country, unsegregated and untreated biomedical waste is being indiscriminately discarded into municipal bins, dump site, road side and in water bodies or is being incompletely and improperly burnt in open. All this is leading to rapid proliferation and spreading many infectious, dangerous and fatal communicable diseases like hepatitis, AIDS and several types of cancers. In urban and rural areas alike, incidence and prevalence of several such human diseases has increased and the per capita medical expenditure has also gone high several folds. In present study, biomedical waste was collected from different government and private hospitals of Jhansi city. After collection, different method of safe disposal of these wastes are tried and found suitable for biomedical waste management.
KEYWORDS: Biomedical waste; Government; Health Care, Hospital;Jhansi, Management; Private.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.Sigsgaard T, Malmros P, Nersting L, Petersen C. Respiratory disorders and atopy in Danish refuse workers. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1994;149(6):1407–1412.
2.Ray MR, Roychoudhury S, Mukherjee G, Roy S, Lahiri T. Respiratory and general heal impairments of workers employed in a municipal solid waste disposal at an open landfill site in Delhi. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2005;208(4):255–262.
3.Becher S, Lichtnecker H. Immunological aspects and affections of rubbish collectors caused by bioaerosols. Journal of Occupational Health. 2002;44(3):125–130.
4.Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Draft Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules. 2011. Available from: http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public- information/salient-features-draft-bmwmh.pdf.
5.Jahnavi G, Raju PV. Awareness and training need of biomedical waste management among undergraduate students, Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Public Health. 2006;50(1):53-54.
6.Hanumantha Rao P. Hospital waste management system - a case study of a south Indian city. Waste Management and Research. 2009; 27(4): 313-321.
7.Katoch SS. Biomedical Waste Classification and Prevailing Management Strategies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management; 2007 Sep 5-7; Chennai, India.
8.Sharma S, Chauhan SVS. Assessment of bio-medical waste management in three apex Government hospitals of Agra, Journal of Environmental Biology. 2008;29(2):159-162.
9.Kela M, Nazareth S, Goel A, Agarwal R. Managing Hospital Waste: A Guide for Health-Care Facilities. New Delhi: Excellent Printing House; 1998.
10.Kelkar R. A practical approach to hospital waste management in India. Industrial Safety Chronicle. 1998;67–70.
11.Machala Z, Janda M, Hensel K, Jedlovsky I, Lestinska L, Foltin V, et al. Emission spectroscopy of atmospheric pressure plasmas for bio-medical and environmental applications. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 2007;243(2):194-201.
12.Becher S, Lichtnecker H. Immunological aspects and affections of rubbish collectors caused by bioaerosols. Journal of Occupational Health. 2002;44:125–130.
13.Massrouje HT. Medical waste and health workers in Gaza governorates. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2001;7(6):1017–1024.
14.World Health Organization (WHO). Aide-Memoire for a national strategy for healthcare waste management. 2011; Available From: http://www.healthcarewaste.org/resources/ introduction/.
15.Abah SO, Ohimain EI. Healthcare waste management in Nigeria: A case study. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. 2011;3(3):99-110.
16.Rasheed S, Iqbal S, Baig LA, Mufti K. Hospital waste management in the teaching hospitals of Karachi. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2005;55(5):192-195.
17.Da Silva CE, Hoppe AE, Ravanello MM, Mello N. Medical waste management in the south of Brazil. Waste Management. 2005;25(6):600-605.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2015. Kumar V, Birtharey S, Gupta N, Yadav KK, Vishwakarma SK. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Arti Chopra1 DNB OBG, Nimarpreet Kaur2,* MD Physiology, Neeraj Aggarwal3 DNB Surgery, Hatinder Jeetsingh Sethi4 MD Internal Medicine
Affiliation:
1Consultant,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Asian Multispecialty Hospital, Ludhiana 141002, Punjab, India
2Department of Physiology, SHKM, Govt Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana 122107, India
3Consultant Surgery, Asian Multispecialty Hospital, Ludhiana 141002, Punjab, India
4Consultant, Department of internal medicine, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Asian Multispecialty Hospital, Ludhiana 141002, Punjab, India
2.SHKM, Govt Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana 122107, India
3. Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Arti Chopra.
Consultant, Asian Multispecialty Hospital, Ludhiana 141002,Pumjab,India or
Dr. Nimarpreet Kaur.
SHKM, Govt Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana 122107, India
Article citation:
Chopra A, Kaur N, Aggarwal N, Sethi HJS. Endorette: A minimally invasive,cost effective & outpatient procedure for diagnosis of post menopausal bleeding. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):168-173. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses that occur after the cessation of ovarian function, which usually occur after the age of forty. The significance of post menopausal bleeding whatever slight it may be, should not be underestimated. All women with post menopausal bleeding must be examined & investigated. Malignancy must be ruled out.
Aims & Objectives: To study the diagnostic accuracy of Endorette in women with post-menopausal bleeding in endometrial diseases.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 40 patients who presented with post menopausal bleeding. Patients underwent endometrial biopsy using outpatient endometrial sampling device – Endorette.The results were statistically analysed.
Results: In our study a total of forty (40) Post menopausal women were evaluated. Endorette was not possible in three (3) patients out of forty (40) because the endorette cannula could not be advanced into the uterine cavity due to cervical stenosis. The failure rate of the endorette procedure was 7.5% in our study. It could be successfully completed in 92.5% patients. Endorette is carried out as an outpatient procedure requiring no anaesthesia ,cost effective and diagnostic tool.
Conclusion: Outpatient endometrial sampling with endorette should be the first step of investigation in women with post menopausal bleeding to rule out uterine cause.
KEYWORDS: Menopause post menopausal Bleeding; Endometrial biopsy; Endocurette.
REFERENCES
1.Grimes DA. Diagnostic dilatation & curettage. A reappraisal. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1982;142:1-6.
2.Kaunitz AM, Anthony M, Mary O, E Z Rovira, M. Stat. Comparison of endometerial biopsy with endometrial pipelle and Vabra aspirator. J. Reprod Med 1988;33(5):427-431.
3.Batool T, Philip W R , J H Hughes.Outpatient pipelle endometrial biopsyin investigation of postmenopausal bleeding. Br. J. Obstet Gynecol.June 1994;101:545-546.
4.GB Baruch, Seidman DS, Eyal S, Orit Moran,Joseph M.Outpatient endometrial sampling with pipelle curette. Gynecol Obstet Invest.1994;37:260-262.
5.Moberger B, Nilson S, Palmsteirna S, Redvall L, Sternby N. A multicenter study comparing two endometrial sampling devices- Medscand Endorette and Pipelle of Cornier. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Aug 1998; 77(7): 764-769.
6.Dijkuizen FPHLJ , Mol BWJ, Brolmann HAM. The accuracy of endometrial sampling in diagnosis of patient with endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia. A Metanalysis.Cancer 2000 ; 89 : 1765 - 1772.
7.Olszak A, Kaluzynski A, Suzin J. The diagnostic value of endometrial sampling with endorette. Ginekol Pol.2000 Sep;71(9):1202-5.
8.S Bunya Vejchevin, Surang T, Kawin K. Pipelle versus Fractional curettage for the endometrial sampling in post menopausal women. J.Med. Assoc. Thai June 2001; 84(1) : 326-328.
9.Epstein E, Skoog L,Valentin. Comparison of Endorette and dilatation and curettage for sampling of endometrium in women with post menopausal bleeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001Oct; 80(10): 959-964.
10.Jeffcoate's Principle of Gynaecology. Edited by N Bhatla. Chapter 21 (Uterine Cancer), Chapter 30 – (Abnormal and Excessive Uterine bleeding), 6th edition ; 2001: 405, 578-79.
11.John R Lurain. Chapter 30 – Uterine Cancer. Novak's Gynaecology 13th edition, 2002: 1143-60.
12.Shaws Text Book of Gynaecology. Chapter 29 – Gynaecologic Oncology, 13th Edition 2004: 392-395.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, and Government of India to R.S
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Chopra A, Kaur N, Aggarwal N, Sethi HJS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mini review
Shubham Singh, Supraj Raja Sangam, Venkateswara Rao Joginapalli, Senthilkumar Rajagopal*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Senthilkumar Rajagopal.
Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
Article citation: Singh S, Sangam SR, Joginapalli VR, Rajagopal S. Alcohol-induced gastric inflammation. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(02):174-177. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Accumulating evident suggests that gastrointestinal systems (GI) is more vulnerable to the oxidative stress, exposure to Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a prospective diseases like fatty liver, cirrhosis, diarrhea, vomiting, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). GI tract plays a particularly important role in the alcohol metabolism and absorption among the many other organ systems in the body. Alcohol/acetaldehyde is an oxidative stress inducer on gastric epithelial cells. Alcohol-induced damage to the mucosal lining of the stomach also increases the risk of gastric inflammation and gastric cancer. Moreover, increasing evidences suggests that investigating the important genes involving the gastric cancer are very intrigue. This article communicates the molecular aspects of gastritis and gastric cancer.
KEYWORDS: Alcohol, glycine; gut microbiota; inflammatory bowl diseases; reactive oxygen species.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.Peekhaus, N., Conway T, Positive and negative transcriptional regulation of the Escherichia coli gluconate regulon gene gntT by GntR and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein complex. J Bacteriol, 1998; 180(7): 1777-85.
2.Falk, P.G., et al., Creating and Maintaining the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem: What We Know and Need To Know from Gnotobiology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 1998; 62(4): 1157-1170.
3.Eckburg, P.B., et al., Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora. Science, 2005; 308(5728): 1635-38.
4.Stanghellini, V., et al., Gut microbiota and related diseases: clinical features. Inter Emerg Medi, 2005; 5(1): 57-63.
5.Masato, Y., et al., Uric acid levels decrease with fibrosis progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Biochem, 2014; 47(12): 1138-39.
6.Christiane, B., Christian, B.J, Alcohol's Role in Gastrointestinal tract Disorders. Alcohol Health Res World, 1997; 21(1):76-83.
7.Katsuhiko, T., Factors associated with the Development of Reflux Esophagitis After Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Dig Dis Sci, 2010; 51(3): 539-42.
8.Dey, A., Cederbaum, A.I, Alcohol and oxidative liver injury. Hepatol, 2006; 43(S1):S63-S74.
9.Chari, S., Teyssen, S., Singer, M.V, Alcohol and gastric acid secretion in humans. Gut, 1993; 34(6): 843-7.
10.Blaser, M.J., Who are we? Indigenous microbes and the ecology of human diseases. EMBO Rep, 2006; 7(10):956-60.
11.Husted, T.L., Lentsch, A.B, The role of cytokines in pharmacological modulation of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Curr Pharmaceut Des, 2006; 12(23) 2867–73.
12.Neuman, M.G., et al., Mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease: Cytokines. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 2001; 25(5):251S–253S.
13.Anne, E.O, et al., Pharmacological challenges in chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol, 2013; 19(42):7302-7.
14.Tatematsu, M., et al., Effects in rats of sodium chloride on experimental gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1975; 55:101–106.
15.Crew, K.D., Neugut, A.I, Epidemiology of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2006; 12:354–362.
16.Peek, R.M, Pathophysiology of H. Pylori Induced Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Am J Med, 1997;102, 200-207.
17.Kusters, J.G, et al., Pathogenesis of H. Pylori Infection. Helicobacter, 2008; 13: 1-6.
18.Borch, K, et al., Prevelance of Gastroduodenitis and H. Pylori Infection in a General Population Sample: Relations to Symptomatology and Life Style. Dig Dis Sci, 2000; 45:1322-1331.
19.Mairi, H., et al., Genetics of gastric cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014;11: 664–674.
20.Walaa Najm., Involvement of Inflammatory Mediators in the Gastro protective Action of Phaleria macrocarpa against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer. World Appl Sci J, 2014;30:344-350.
21.Amirshahrokhi, K., Khalili. A.R., The effect of thalidomide on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice: Involvement of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Chem Biol Interact, 2015; 5: 225:63-9.
22.Yu, Qian., et al., Effect of resistant starch on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem, 2013; 56 (5): 613-619.
23.Hussein, S.A., et al., Gastro Protective, Antiapoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesiona in Rats. Am J Biochem Mol Biol, 2014; 4(2): 48-63.
24.Ariane Leite Rozza., et al., The Gastroprotective Effect of Menthol: Involvement of Anti-Apoptotic, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. PLOS One, 2014; 9(1): e86686.
25.Philip, J., Brooks, J.A., DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Alcohol, 2005; 35(3): 187-193.
26.Liu, Z.M., et al., Mutation detection of KRAS by high-resolution melting analysis in Chinese with gastric cancer. Oncol Rep, 2009; 22:515-520.
27.Mita, H., et al., A novel method, digitalgenome scanning detects KRAS gene amplification in gastric cancers: involvement of over expressed wild-type KRAS in downstream signaling and cancer cell growth. BMC Cancer, 2009; 9:198.
28.Naohide, Oue., et al., Gene Expression Profile of Gastric Carcinoma: Identification of Genes and Tags Potentially Involved in Invasion, Metastasis, and Carcinogenesis by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. Caner Res, 2004; 64: 2397–2405..
29.Katoh, M., Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol, 2005; 27:1677-1683.
30.Van Dekken, H., et al., Comparative genomic hybridization of cancer of the gastroesophageal junction: deletion of 14Q31-32. 1 discriminates between esophageal (Barrett’s) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res, 1999; 59:748-752.
31.Akira, Horii., et al., The APC Gene, Responsible for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Is Mutated in Human Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res, 1992; 52: 3231-3233.
32.Nishisho, I., et al., Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients. Science, 1991; 253(5020): 665–9.
33.Dian-Chun Fang., et al., Mutation analysis of APC gene in gastric cancer with microsatellite instability. World J Gastroenterol, 2002; 8(5):787-791.
34.Namba, H., et al., Clinical implication of hot spot BRAF mutation, V599E, in papillary thyroid cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2003; 88 (9): 4393–7.
35.Sug, Hyung Lee., et al., BRAF and KRAS mutations in stomach cancer. Oncogene, 2003; 22: 6942–6945.
36.Lima, E.M., et al., Methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 promoter genes in individuals with gastric cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2008; 41(6): 539-43.
37.Xiu-Sheng, He., et al., Expression, deletion and mutation of p16 gene in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2001; 7(4):515-521.
Source of funding: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, and Government of India to R.S
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Singh S, Sangam SR, Joginapalli VR, Rajagopal S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sushma Katkuri1,*,Shaheda Begum2
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
2Medical Intern, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Community Medicine, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
2.Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr Sushma Katkuri.
House No-9 Bhavya Shri Krishna Avenue,
Pragathi Nagar, Quthbulapur Mandal, Hyderabad-500090, India
Article citation:
Katkuri S,Begum S. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in teaching hospital, Hyderabad, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(02):95-99. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Occupational Exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in teaching hospital in Hyderabad
Background: Needle stick injury means penetrating stab wound, introducing blood or other potentially hazardous material into the body of healthcare worker, during the performance of their duties, by a hollow bore needle or sharp instruments, including, needles, lancets, scalpels, and contaminated broken glass. According to the WHO, out of 35 million health workers worldwide, about 3 million receive percutaneous exposures to blood borne pathogens each year; two million of those to HBV, 0.9 million to HCV and 170 000 to HIV. Aims & Objectives: To determine the incidence of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Owaisi and Princess Esra Hospital, a Tertiary level, teaching hospital of Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was done over a period of two months from April 2013-May 2013 with a sample of 150 health workers.
Results: Majority of the subjects were doctors contributing to 58.6% in which 33.3% were surgeons and 25.3% were non-surgeons were as 21% were nurses, 10% lab technicians, 7% operation theater assistants and 4% vaccinators. Out of 150 subjects 56% had needle stick injury in the past was as 44% didn’t have injury. The vaccination status about hepatitis B was good nearly 3/4th was vaccinated with hepatitis B & 1/4th were non-vaccinated.
Conclusion: A infection control committee should be formed in each and every health institute where medical staff can report their injuries and can get adequate counseling and guidance from them in handling the sharps.
KEYWORDS: Needle sticks injury; health care workers; blood borne.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the
manuscript represents honest and original work.
REFERENCES
1.NIOSH. Preventing needle stick injuries in health care settings. U.S. Department of health and human services. Cincinnati: DHHS (NIOSH) publication 1999.
2.Needle stick injuries. 2003; (cited on 2014 Aug 30th). Available from: http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/Extraforbando/needle.pdf
3.World Health Organization. Health care worker safety.(cited 2014 Sept 14). Available from: http://www.who.int/injection_safety/toolbox/en/AM_HCW_Safety_EN.pdf.
4.Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M Chiarello L and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health care Settings. 2007; (cited 2014 Sept 14). Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/isolation2007.pdf.
5.Vaz K, Mc Growder D, Alexander-Lindo R, Gordon L, Brown P, Irving R. Knowledge, awareness and compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. Int J Occup EnvironMed 2010;1(4):171-81.
6.Iram Manzoor, Seema Daud, Norren Rahat Hashmi, Hira Sardar, Mirza Shaharyar Babar, Abdul Rahman, Madiha Malik. Needle stick injuries in nurses at a tertiary healthcare facility. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010;22(3):174-75.
7.Muhammad Khurram, Khushnood Ijaz, Hamama Tul Bushra, Naveed Younas Khan, Hafsa Bushra, Wajahat Hussain. Needle stick injuries: A survey of doctors working at tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi. J Pak Med Assoc 2011;61(1):63-65.
8.Rahul Sharma, S K Rasania, Anita Verma, Saudan Singh. Study of Prevalence and Response to Needle Stick Injuries among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi, India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2010;35(1):74-77.
9.Sh Shokuhi, L Gachkar, I Alavi-Darazam, P Yuhanaee, M Sajadi. Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in Teaching Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2012;14(7):402-07.
10.Prashant Bagdey, Arun Humne, Sonali Wankhede, Abhay Kumar Dhanorkar. Needle stick injuries among staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital of central India. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci 2014;1(3):149-54.
11.Sayami M, Tamrakar J. Needle Sticks Injuries among Health Care Professionals in Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Institute of Medicine 2013;35(3):48-55.
12.Lulie Walle, Emebet Abebe, Medihanit Tsegaye, Hanna Franco, Dereje Birhanu, Muluken Azage. Factors associated with needle stick and sharp injuries, among healthcare workers in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: facility based cross-sectional survey. Int J Infect Control 2013;9(4):1-9.
13.Najma Rais, Hafiza Mubashira Jamil. Prevalence of needle stick injuries among health care providers. International journal of endorsing health science research 2013;1(2):73-79.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015. Katkuri S, Begum S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.