DocumentsDate added
Case report
Sandeep Khadda1, Ashok Parmar1, Anwar Ali1, Ajay Kumar Yadav1, Jitendra Kumar Sakhrani1, Akhil Kapoor2,*
Affiliation:
1Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2.Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Akhil Kapoor
Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel
PBM Hospital Campus, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India 334003. Mobile: +91-9950482121; Phone: 0151-2200749; Fax No: 0151-2540141
Article citation:
Khadda S, Parmar A, Ali A, Yadav AK, Sakhrani JK,Kapoor A. Gall bladder perforation: An unusual presentation of enteric fever. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):408-412. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Gall bladder perforation is very unusual presentation of enteric fever with high morbidity and mortality if diagnosis is delayed. We report a case of an adolescent who had enteric fever with generalized peritonitis,radiograph of abdomen is not suggestive of bowel perforation. The patient was intra-operatively diagnosed as acalculous gall bladder perforation complicating enteric fever. He was managed with cholecystectomy and appropriate antibiotic coverage. Patient recovered uneventfully. Acalculous gall bladder perforation in enteric fever is a rare surgical complication. Enteric fever is common in developing and poor countries because of poor hygiene and sanitation condition as it spread through faecal-oral route. Investigation like sonography and CT-scan lacks specificity for gall bladder perforation.In our case gall bladder perforation diagnosed intra-operatively and managed with cholecystecomy. In enteric fever with generalized peritonitis diagnosis of gall bladder perforation should be look with high suspicion if bowel perforation is not identified pre-operatively or intra-operatively. Cholecystectomy is procedure of choice to prevent high morbidity/mortality.
KEYWORDS: Gallbladder perforation; enteric fever; adolescent.
REFERENCES
1.Shukla VK, Khaudelwal C, Kumar M, et al. Enteric Perforation of the gall-bladder.Postgrad Med J.1983;59:125-126.
2.Kamble AT, Sarda DK, Chaudhary N, et al. Gallbladder Perforation in typhoid fever. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2003;8:249-250.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Khadda S, Parmar A, Ali A, Yadav AK, Sakhrani JK, Kapoor A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
M.Bharathi1,*, MD (Microbiology), M.Radha2, M.Sc(Geography), M.Sc.(Botany),B.Ed.
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
2School Assistant, Biology, Queen Mary’s Government High School for Girls, Visakhapatnam, AP, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.M.Bharathi
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Article citation:
Bharathi M, Radha M. Awareness & knowledge of adolescent girl students from a government high school for girls on HIV/AIDS. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):408-414.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
India has the 3rd highest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the world. It is estimated that over 35% of all reported HIV incidences in India occur among young people of 15-24yrs of age. Despite norms prohibiting premarital sex relations, opportunities to form premarital relations did exist and 4% young women had engaged in premarital sex. Adolescent girls are at far greater risk of contracting HIV than boys, as a result of their greater physiological susceptibility and their vulnerability to sexual violence, rape and marriages at an early age.
Aim: 1.To evaluate awareness and knowledge of adolescent girl students about HIV/AIDS.
2.To assess the impact of curriculum on HIV/AIDS, on the knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS.
Material & Methods: 150 students from 10th standard, having a lesson on HIV/AIDS ( group one) and 150 students from 9th standard, not having a lesson on HIV/AIDS (group two) were included. Formative evaluation was done. Selection type, closed ended, objective type schedule in Telugu language, was administered. Schedule contained 12 items.
Statistical Analysis: Chi square test was used.
Results: General awareness as, HIV is a virus and it causes AIDS was high in both groups. 59.33% & 66.66% from group one and 29.33% & 44% of group two knew how HIV spreads and how it does not spread, respectively. Group one had more knowledge on symptoms than group two. Above all are with significant P values. There was not much difference in the knowledge of two groups about its non-curability and lack of vaccine. Only 16.66% from both groups has positive attitude towards PLHA. Group one had more awareness about high risk group. Text books/Teachers were the main source of information.
Conclusions: (1)The awareness and knowledge of 10th Std. students on HIV/AIDS was higher than that of 9th Std. students.(2)Curriculum on HIV/AIDS played an important role on the awareness and knowledge of students on HIV/AIDS. (3)Positive attitude towards PLHA was less. (4)The awareness, as HIV/AIDS has no cure and no vaccine was also less.
(5)Teachers & Text books were on top as source of information.
KEYWORDS: Adolescents; Attitude; adolescent education programme; Curriculum; Reproductive health.
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11.S.Bhalla, H.Chandwani, D.Singh, C.Somasundaram, S.K.Rasania and S.Singh. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS Among Senior Secondary School Students in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Health and Population – Perspectives and Issues, 2005; 28 (4): 178-188.
12.P.Lal, Anita Nath, S.Badhan and Gopal K Ingle. A Study of Awareness about HIV/AIDS Among Senior Secondary School Children of Delhi. Indian J Community Med, July 2008; 33(3): 190-192.
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16.Arindam Chakrovarty, Saswati Nandy, Rabindranadh Roy, Bhaswati Sengupta, Sukanta Chatterjee, Ramendra Narayan Choudhuri. A Study of Awareness on HIV/AIDS Among higher Secondary School Students in Central Kolkata.Indian J Community Med, 2007;32(3):228-229.
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18.Bounbouly Thanavanh, Md Harun-Or-Rashid, Hideki Kasuya and Junichi Sakamoto. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV/AIDS among male High School Students in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. Journal of International AIDS Society 2013; 16:17387. (http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/17387.
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20.Alexndra McManus and Lipi Dhar. Study of Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of Adolescent girls towards STIs/HIV, Safer Sex and Sex Education: (A Cross Sectional Survey of urban Adolescent girls in South Delhi, India). BMC Women’s Health, 2008; 8:12 doi:10.1186/1472-6874-8-12.
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Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bharathi M, Radha M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.