DocumentsDate added
Original article
M.Bharathi1,*, MD (Microbiology), M.Radha2, M.Sc(Geography), M.Sc.(Botany),B.Ed.
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
2School Assistant, Biology, Queen Mary’s Government High School for Girls, Visakhapatnam, AP, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.M.Bharathi
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Article citation:
Bharathi M, Radha M. Awareness & knowledge of adolescent girl students from a government high school for girls on HIV/AIDS. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):408-414.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
India has the 3rd highest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the world. It is estimated that over 35% of all reported HIV incidences in India occur among young people of 15-24yrs of age. Despite norms prohibiting premarital sex relations, opportunities to form premarital relations did exist and 4% young women had engaged in premarital sex. Adolescent girls are at far greater risk of contracting HIV than boys, as a result of their greater physiological susceptibility and their vulnerability to sexual violence, rape and marriages at an early age.
Aim: 1.To evaluate awareness and knowledge of adolescent girl students about HIV/AIDS.
2.To assess the impact of curriculum on HIV/AIDS, on the knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS.
Material & Methods: 150 students from 10th standard, having a lesson on HIV/AIDS ( group one) and 150 students from 9th standard, not having a lesson on HIV/AIDS (group two) were included. Formative evaluation was done. Selection type, closed ended, objective type schedule in Telugu language, was administered. Schedule contained 12 items.
Statistical Analysis: Chi square test was used.
Results: General awareness as, HIV is a virus and it causes AIDS was high in both groups. 59.33% & 66.66% from group one and 29.33% & 44% of group two knew how HIV spreads and how it does not spread, respectively. Group one had more knowledge on symptoms than group two. Above all are with significant P values. There was not much difference in the knowledge of two groups about its non-curability and lack of vaccine. Only 16.66% from both groups has positive attitude towards PLHA. Group one had more awareness about high risk group. Text books/Teachers were the main source of information.
Conclusions: (1)The awareness and knowledge of 10th Std. students on HIV/AIDS was higher than that of 9th Std. students.(2)Curriculum on HIV/AIDS played an important role on the awareness and knowledge of students on HIV/AIDS. (3)Positive attitude towards PLHA was less. (4)The awareness, as HIV/AIDS has no cure and no vaccine was also less.
(5)Teachers & Text books were on top as source of information.
KEYWORDS: Adolescents; Attitude; adolescent education programme; Curriculum; Reproductive health.
REFERENCES
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9.Dr.Shikha Trivedi. HIV/AIDS Awareness level in Secondary Schools of India after twenty seven years. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, March 2014;19(3):ver2:pp 71-75.
10.A.E.Oyo-Ita, B.M.Ikpeme, A.J.Etokidem, J.B.Offor, E.O.Okokon, and S.J.Etuk. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Among Secondary School Adolescents in Calabar- Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 2005; 4 (1): 2-6.
11.S.Bhalla, H.Chandwani, D.Singh, C.Somasundaram, S.K.Rasania and S.Singh. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS Among Senior Secondary School Students in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Health and Population – Perspectives and Issues, 2005; 28 (4): 178-188.
12.P.Lal, Anita Nath, S.Badhan and Gopal K Ingle. A Study of Awareness about HIV/AIDS Among Senior Secondary School Children of Delhi. Indian J Community Med, July 2008; 33(3): 190-192.
13.Jannu Raja Mouli, Bolla Chandra Sekhar Reddy, A.Rajeswara Rao, and K.Mallikharjuna Rao. To Assess the Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS Among Secondary School and Junior College Students in Khammam town of Andhra Pradesh Int J Res Health Sci (IJHRS), April 2014; 2(2): 511-6.
14.Suneeth Pramanik, Maggie Chartier and Cheryl Koopman “HIV/AIDS Stigma & Knowledge among Predominantly Middle class High School Students in New Delhi, India. J Commun. Dis, 2006; 38 (1): 57-69.
15.Basir Gaash, Muzaffar Ahmad, Rehana Kasur and Shabnam Bashir. Knowledge, Attitude and Belief on HIV/AIDS Among Female Senior Secondary School Students in Srinagar district of Kashmir. Health and Population–Perspectives and Issues 2003; 26 (3): 101-109.
16.Arindam Chakrovarty, Saswati Nandy, Rabindranadh Roy, Bhaswati Sengupta, Sukanta Chatterjee, Ramendra Narayan Choudhuri. A Study of Awareness on HIV/AIDS Among higher Secondary School Students in Central Kolkata.Indian J Community Med, 2007;32(3):228-229.
17.R T Sudha, DT Vijay, V Lakshmi. Awareness, Attitudes and Beliefs of the General Public towards HIV/AIDS in Hyderabad, a Capital city from South India. Indian J Med Sci 2005; 59 (7): 307-16.
18.Bounbouly Thanavanh, Md Harun-Or-Rashid, Hideki Kasuya and Junichi Sakamoto. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV/AIDS among male High School Students in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. Journal of International AIDS Society 2013; 16:17387. (http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/17387.
19.Sanam Jindal. Awareness about HIV/AIDS in selected Pre-university colleges in Moodbidri: A cross sectional study. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2003; 6(1):208-210.
20.Alexndra McManus and Lipi Dhar. Study of Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of Adolescent girls towards STIs/HIV, Safer Sex and Sex Education: (A Cross Sectional Survey of urban Adolescent girls in South Delhi, India). BMC Women’s Health, 2008; 8:12 doi:10.1186/1472-6874-8-12.
21.Murtala Mohammad Ruma. Knowledge and Awareness of HIV/AIDS Among Some Senior Secondary School Children in Katsina, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2009; 2(2):121-126.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bharathi M, Radha M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Sandeep Khadda1, Ashok Parmar1, Anwar Ali1, Ajay Kumar Yadav1, Jitendra Kumar Sakhrani1, Akhil Kapoor2,*
Affiliation:
1Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2.Department of Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Treatment & Research Institute, Sardar Patel Medical College and associated group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Akhil Kapoor
Room No. 73, PG Boys Hostel
PBM Hospital Campus, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India 334003. Mobile: +91-9950482121; Phone: 0151-2200749; Fax No: 0151-2540141
Article citation:
Khadda S, Parmar A, Ali A, Yadav AK, Sakhrani JK,Kapoor A. Gall bladder perforation: An unusual presentation of enteric fever. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):408-412. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Gall bladder perforation is very unusual presentation of enteric fever with high morbidity and mortality if diagnosis is delayed. We report a case of an adolescent who had enteric fever with generalized peritonitis,radiograph of abdomen is not suggestive of bowel perforation. The patient was intra-operatively diagnosed as acalculous gall bladder perforation complicating enteric fever. He was managed with cholecystectomy and appropriate antibiotic coverage. Patient recovered uneventfully. Acalculous gall bladder perforation in enteric fever is a rare surgical complication. Enteric fever is common in developing and poor countries because of poor hygiene and sanitation condition as it spread through faecal-oral route. Investigation like sonography and CT-scan lacks specificity for gall bladder perforation.In our case gall bladder perforation diagnosed intra-operatively and managed with cholecystecomy. In enteric fever with generalized peritonitis diagnosis of gall bladder perforation should be look with high suspicion if bowel perforation is not identified pre-operatively or intra-operatively. Cholecystectomy is procedure of choice to prevent high morbidity/mortality.
KEYWORDS: Gallbladder perforation; enteric fever; adolescent.
REFERENCES
1.Shukla VK, Khaudelwal C, Kumar M, et al. Enteric Perforation of the gall-bladder.Postgrad Med J.1983;59:125-126.
2.Kamble AT, Sarda DK, Chaudhary N, et al. Gallbladder Perforation in typhoid fever. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2003;8:249-250.
3.Memon AA. Perforated gall bladder: A case report. J Surg Pak 2001;6:374.
4.Chirdan LB, Iya D, Ramyil VM, et al. Acalculus cholecystitis in Nigerian children. Pediatr Surg Int 2003;19:65-67.
5.Saxena V, Basu S, Sharma CLN. Perforation of the gall bladder following typhoid fever-induced ileal perforation. Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13:475- 477.
6.Roslyn JJ, Thompson JE, Darvin H. Risk factors for gallbladder perforation. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:636–40.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Khadda S, Parmar A, Ali A, Yadav AK, Sakhrani JK, Kapoor A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
LUO Rui1,†, LUO Xiaojuan2,†, SUN Ning1,†, PU Yumei1, WANG Peihui1, RAN Danni1, XU Zhenxia1, ZHAO Wen1,,NI Peihong3, LI Sha1,*
Affiliation:
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
3Guangzhou Toplink Gene Bio-Engineering Co. Ltd.,Guangzhou 510000, China
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2.The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
† Authors contributions: LUO Rui, LUO Xiaojuan and SUN Ning contributed equally to this work.
Address reprint requests to
LI Sha.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation:
R Luo, X Luo, N Sun, Y Pu, P Wang, D Ran, et al. Influence of composition and physical aging treatment on properties of free ethyl cellulose film. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):372-379. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Film coating by insoluble polymer materials is one of the most commonly used methods to control drug release in sustained and controlled release preparations. The composition, aging process and the stability of coating film significantly affect the drug release behavior. Ethyl cellulose (EC), a derivative of cellulose insoluble in water, is widely used as film coating material to realize sustained and controlled release. In this work, the properties of free EC film, including mechanical properties, water uptake and water vapor transmission (WVT), were investigated for different film composition after treatment under different aging and storage condition. As the concentration of plasticizers in the film increased, the tensile strength descended with a raise of elongation at breakage. Compared with the domestic EC films, imported EC films had a smaller tensile strength and higher elongation at breakage. The water uptake and WVT capacity decreased with the extension of aging time while increased with the enhancement of plasticizer concentration. The imported EC films showed a generally less water uptake and WVT capacity than domestic EC films. With the extension of aging time, the tensile strength of the films prepared with different plasticizers increased while the elongation at breakage decreased. The water uptake and WVT of the films was reduced as well. The sort and concentration of plasticizers, the sort of EC and the aging time had a great impact on the properties of free EC films. The preparations coated with imported EC may be stable than those with domestic EC.
KEYWORDS: Ethyl cellulose film; Plasticizer; Aging time; Mechanical properties; Water uptake; Water vapor transmission.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: This research was supported by the Guangzhou science and technology project (2013J4400061) to LI Sha and the Guangzhou Liwan District science and technology project (20134415049) to LI Sha.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 R Luo,X Luo,N Sun,Y Pu,P Wang,D Ran,et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Lakshminarasimhaiah* and Rakesh Kumar Meel
Affiliation:
Goenka College of Pharmacy, Village: Ghassu, NH-11, PO: Khuri Bari, Lachhmangarh, Sikar District, Rajasthan, India-332313
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Goenka College Of Pharmacy, Vill: Ghassu, NH-11, PO: Khuri Bari, Lachhmangarh, Sikar District, Rajasthan, India-332313
Address reprint requests to
Lakshminarasimhaiah,
Goenka College OF Pharmacy, Vill: Ghassu, NH-11, PO: Khuri Bari, Lachhmangarh, Sikar District, Rajasthan, India-332313
Article citation: Lakshminarasimhaiah, Meel RK. Isolation of new phytoconstituents from Actiniopteris radiata. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):436-439. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Two new phytoconstituents have been isolated from petroleum ether extract of the whole plant of Actiniopteris radiata. The petroleum ether extract was subjected to column chromatography and isolated the phytoconstituents. Two new phytoconstituents were characterised by TLC, IR, UV spectral analysis, NMR and Mass spectra. Compound 1 is Dec-3-enyl, 2-(heptyloxy)-1-mercaptpoethyl terephthalate and compound 2 is 1-(Phenylethyl butanoate ether), 2-(3-ene heptanoate) ethane.
KEYWORDS: Actiniopteris radiata; Column chromatography; Polypodiaceae; Terephthalate.
REFERENCES
1.Bhambie S and George C. X. Studies in Pteridophytes. Cur Sci 1972; 41(7), 258-260.
2.Bhambie S, Tiwari H. P and George C. X. Chemical analysis Actiniopteris radiata. Cur Sci 1972;41(21): 788.
3.Taneja S. C and Tiwari H. P. Chemical constituents of Actiniopteris radiata. Cur Sci 1974; 43(23):749-750.
4.Yoshihiro Mimaki, Kazuki Watanabe, Yuka Ando, Chiseko Sakuma and Yutaka Sashida. Flavonol glycosides and steroidal saponins from the leaves of Cestrum nocturnum and their cytotoxicity. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:17-22.
5.Chien-Chih Chen, Yu-Lin Huang, Chu-Wen Wang and Jun-Chih Ou. Water soluble glycosides from Ruta graveolens. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:990-992.
6.Alsuko Itoh, Takao Tanahashi, Naotaka Nagakura, Yukiko Takenaka, Cheng-Chang Chen and Jury Pelletier. Flavonoid glycosides from Adina racemosa and their inhibitory activities on eukaryotic protein synthesis. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:427-431.
7.Nabil Semmar, Bernard Fenet, Katia Gluchoff-Fiasson, Aurangzeb Hasan and Maurice Jay. Four new flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Astragalus caprinus. J Nat Prod 2002;65:576-579.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Lakshminarasimhaiah, Meel RK. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Rajendra K Gupta1,*, MD, Gautam L Nagori2.,MD, Poonam Nagori3.,MSc, Ram P Patidar4.,DCH
Affiliation:
1,2Associate Professor Pediatrics Jhalawar Medical College Jhalawar Rajasthan India 326001
3Demonstrator Physiology, Jhalawar Medical College Jhalawar Rajasthan India 326001
4Senior Resident Pediatrics, Jhalawar Medical College Jhalawar Rajasthan India 326001
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan India 326001
Address reprint requests to
Dr Rajendra Kumar Gupta.
III/1 Medical College Residence
Near IMA Hall, Jhalawar Rajasthan India 326001 or at rajdrchild@rediffmail.com
Article citation:
Gupta RK, Nagori GL, Nagori P, Patidar RP. Pattern of co-morbidities in children with severe acute malnutrition admitted in MTC of a teaching hospital of south east Rajasthan, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):403-407. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Objective: To study the pattern of co-morbidities in children having Severe Acute Malnutrition in MTC attached to a teaching hospital.
Methods: In a span of two years all the children (421), admitted in MTC of SRG Hospital Medical College Jhalawar, were studied for presence of one or more co-morbid conditions along with severe acute malnutrition.
Results: Out of the 421 children who were admitted to Malnutrition Treatment Corner (MTC), acute respiratory infection is the most common (37.3%) co-morbidity in children with Severe Acute Malnutrition. Followed by acute gastrointestinal infection. Significant number of children was having urinary tract infections. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 23% of children. Pyogenic skin infections were found in 14.7% cases. As micronutrient deficiencies present as part of Protein Energy Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies of all vitamins A, C, D and B group were found in 28% of children and 87% of children were having anemia. Malaria and measles were also diagnosed in few study subjects, but they were not considered as significant co-morbid conditions
Conclusions: It is imperative to suspect and anticipate co-morbid condition in these children. High index of suspicion for these co-morbidities is the key to reduce mortality and better outcome in children having acute severe malnutrition.
KEYWORDS: Co-morbidities; Infections; MTC; SAM.
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16.Ejaz MS, Latif N. Stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60:543-7.
17.Chainani N, Sharma P, Meena N, Sharma U. Pattern of vitamin deficiencies among the malnourished preschool children in ICDS blocks of Jaipur city. Indian J Matern Child Health. 1994;5:109-11.
Source of funding: None
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Gupta RK,Nagori GL,Nagori P,Patidar RP. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.