DocumentsDate added
Research article
AL- Bayati LAA*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, College of Science, Babylon, Hilla P.O.Box 4. Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biology, College of Science, Babylon, Hilla P.O.Box.4. Iraq
Address reprint requests to
Lubna A. A. AL- Bayati.
Department of Biology, College of Science, Babylon, Hilla P.O.Box.4. Iraq
Article citation:
AL- Bayati LAA. The Immune Function of Iraqi Women‘s on Contraceptives intake. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):385-393. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: The complement C3 and C4 fractions as well as the cytokines Interferon and Interleukine 6 were estimated in serum samples of women during contraceptive intake. These estimations were made in an attempt to evaluate them as a diagnostic battery for detection of immune status in these women's.
The C3 concentration means were; 154.553 ± 12.084, 149.816 ± 10.423, 130.216± 6.147, 159.966± 8.583 and a 8.125± 21.570 mg/dl for pills , depot injection, IUDC, nonusing and virgin controls, respectively.
In comparison C4 levels were ; 42.825± 4.293, 34.583 ± 2.801, 32.466± 3.688, 33.025± 3.025 and 26.441± 6.680 mg/dl for pills, injection, IUDC, nonusing and virgin controls respectively. The interferone gama concentration were; 55.169±8.962, 80.266±3.630, 66.171±3.973, 26.499± 3.482 and 74.760±2.930 pg/ml accordingly.
The interleukine 6 concentration means were found as; 28.399± 8.517 for pills, 36.380±8.63 for injection, 25.733± 3.899 for IUCD, 76.499± 3.482 for non using women and 91.219±5.001 pg/ml for virgin controls. Thus, they seems to be suitable as an assessment battery for immune status of women on contraception intake.
KEYWORDS:
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 AL-Bayati LAA. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Lavanya Kollapu*, Suseela Kumari Pamu
Affiliation:
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. 533001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh. 533001, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Lavanya Kollapu.
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, GGH Campus, Kakinada, Andhrapradesh 533001, India
Article citation:
Kollapu L, Pamu SK. Seroprevalence of human brucellosis among high risk population. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(05):419-423. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution and has great economic concern. It is a contagious disease of ruminant animals but also effects human beings. The duration of the disease can vary from a few weeks to many months. Materials and methods: A total number of 200 samples tested for RBPT and STAT by using phenol saline as diluent to know the IgG titre and 2-mercapto ethanol was used as diluents to know the IgM titre. ELISA test was performed for all positive samples in RBPT, to know the presence of IgM antibody. All the results were analysed statistically.
Results: Of the200 serum samples, highest proportion of positive cases were slaughter house workers 21.05% and lowest proportion was with PUO cases 6.97%.case distribution according to positivity of RBPT and STAT highest proportion in slaughter house workers 13.5% and lowest proportion in PUO cases 6.97%.
Conclusion: Prevention of human brucellosis focuses mainly on elimination of infection among farm animals. Cooperation is recommended between public health and veterinary officials to overcome the failure of controlling disease among both animals and humans.
KEYWORDS: Human Brucellosis; RBPT; STAT; ELISA; IgM Antibodies.
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Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Kollapu L, Pamu SK. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
M.Bharathi1,*, MD (Microbiology), M.Radha2, M.Sc(Geography), M.Sc.(Botany),B.Ed.
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
2School Assistant, Biology, Queen Mary’s Government High School for Girls, Visakhapatnam, AP, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.M.Bharathi
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP, India
Article citation:
Bharathi M, Radha M. Awareness & knowledge of adolescent girl students from a government high school for girls on HIV/AIDS. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):408-414.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
India has the 3rd highest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the world. It is estimated that over 35% of all reported HIV incidences in India occur among young people of 15-24yrs of age. Despite norms prohibiting premarital sex relations, opportunities to form premarital relations did exist and 4% young women had engaged in premarital sex. Adolescent girls are at far greater risk of contracting HIV than boys, as a result of their greater physiological susceptibility and their vulnerability to sexual violence, rape and marriages at an early age.
Aim: 1.To evaluate awareness and knowledge of adolescent girl students about HIV/AIDS.
2.To assess the impact of curriculum on HIV/AIDS, on the knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS.
Material & Methods: 150 students from 10th standard, having a lesson on HIV/AIDS ( group one) and 150 students from 9th standard, not having a lesson on HIV/AIDS (group two) were included. Formative evaluation was done. Selection type, closed ended, objective type schedule in Telugu language, was administered. Schedule contained 12 items.
Statistical Analysis: Chi square test was used.
Results: General awareness as, HIV is a virus and it causes AIDS was high in both groups. 59.33% & 66.66% from group one and 29.33% & 44% of group two knew how HIV spreads and how it does not spread, respectively. Group one had more knowledge on symptoms than group two. Above all are with significant P values. There was not much difference in the knowledge of two groups about its non-curability and lack of vaccine. Only 16.66% from both groups has positive attitude towards PLHA. Group one had more awareness about high risk group. Text books/Teachers were the main source of information.
Conclusions: (1)The awareness and knowledge of 10th Std. students on HIV/AIDS was higher than that of 9th Std. students.(2)Curriculum on HIV/AIDS played an important role on the awareness and knowledge of students on HIV/AIDS. (3)Positive attitude towards PLHA was less. (4)The awareness, as HIV/AIDS has no cure and no vaccine was also less.
(5)Teachers & Text books were on top as source of information.
KEYWORDS: Adolescents; Attitude; adolescent education programme; Curriculum; Reproductive health.
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11.S.Bhalla, H.Chandwani, D.Singh, C.Somasundaram, S.K.Rasania and S.Singh. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS Among Senior Secondary School Students in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Health and Population – Perspectives and Issues, 2005; 28 (4): 178-188.
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13.Jannu Raja Mouli, Bolla Chandra Sekhar Reddy, A.Rajeswara Rao, and K.Mallikharjuna Rao. To Assess the Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS Among Secondary School and Junior College Students in Khammam town of Andhra Pradesh Int J Res Health Sci (IJHRS), April 2014; 2(2): 511-6.
14.Suneeth Pramanik, Maggie Chartier and Cheryl Koopman “HIV/AIDS Stigma & Knowledge among Predominantly Middle class High School Students in New Delhi, India. J Commun. Dis, 2006; 38 (1): 57-69.
15.Basir Gaash, Muzaffar Ahmad, Rehana Kasur and Shabnam Bashir. Knowledge, Attitude and Belief on HIV/AIDS Among Female Senior Secondary School Students in Srinagar district of Kashmir. Health and Population–Perspectives and Issues 2003; 26 (3): 101-109.
16.Arindam Chakrovarty, Saswati Nandy, Rabindranadh Roy, Bhaswati Sengupta, Sukanta Chatterjee, Ramendra Narayan Choudhuri. A Study of Awareness on HIV/AIDS Among higher Secondary School Students in Central Kolkata.Indian J Community Med, 2007;32(3):228-229.
17.R T Sudha, DT Vijay, V Lakshmi. Awareness, Attitudes and Beliefs of the General Public towards HIV/AIDS in Hyderabad, a Capital city from South India. Indian J Med Sci 2005; 59 (7): 307-16.
18.Bounbouly Thanavanh, Md Harun-Or-Rashid, Hideki Kasuya and Junichi Sakamoto. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV/AIDS among male High School Students in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. Journal of International AIDS Society 2013; 16:17387. (http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/17387.
19.Sanam Jindal. Awareness about HIV/AIDS in selected Pre-university colleges in Moodbidri: A cross sectional study. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2003; 6(1):208-210.
20.Alexndra McManus and Lipi Dhar. Study of Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of Adolescent girls towards STIs/HIV, Safer Sex and Sex Education: (A Cross Sectional Survey of urban Adolescent girls in South Delhi, India). BMC Women’s Health, 2008; 8:12 doi:10.1186/1472-6874-8-12.
21.Murtala Mohammad Ruma. Knowledge and Awareness of HIV/AIDS Among Some Senior Secondary School Children in Katsina, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2009; 2(2):121-126.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bharathi M, Radha M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
LUO Rui1,†, LUO Xiaojuan2,†, SUN Ning1,†, PU Yumei1, WANG Peihui1, RAN Danni1, XU Zhenxia1, ZHAO Wen1,,NI Peihong3, LI Sha1,*
Affiliation:
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
3Guangzhou Toplink Gene Bio-Engineering Co. Ltd.,Guangzhou 510000, China
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2.The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
† Authors contributions: LUO Rui, LUO Xiaojuan and SUN Ning contributed equally to this work.
Address reprint requests to
LI Sha.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation:
R Luo, X Luo, N Sun, Y Pu, P Wang, D Ran, et al. Influence of composition and physical aging treatment on properties of free ethyl cellulose film. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):372-379. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Film coating by insoluble polymer materials is one of the most commonly used methods to control drug release in sustained and controlled release preparations. The composition, aging process and the stability of coating film significantly affect the drug release behavior. Ethyl cellulose (EC), a derivative of cellulose insoluble in water, is widely used as film coating material to realize sustained and controlled release. In this work, the properties of free EC film, including mechanical properties, water uptake and water vapor transmission (WVT), were investigated for different film composition after treatment under different aging and storage condition. As the concentration of plasticizers in the film increased, the tensile strength descended with a raise of elongation at breakage. Compared with the domestic EC films, imported EC films had a smaller tensile strength and higher elongation at breakage. The water uptake and WVT capacity decreased with the extension of aging time while increased with the enhancement of plasticizer concentration. The imported EC films showed a generally less water uptake and WVT capacity than domestic EC films. With the extension of aging time, the tensile strength of the films prepared with different plasticizers increased while the elongation at breakage decreased. The water uptake and WVT of the films was reduced as well. The sort and concentration of plasticizers, the sort of EC and the aging time had a great impact on the properties of free EC films. The preparations coated with imported EC may be stable than those with domestic EC.
KEYWORDS: Ethyl cellulose film; Plasticizer; Aging time; Mechanical properties; Water uptake; Water vapor transmission.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: This research was supported by the Guangzhou science and technology project (2013J4400061) to LI Sha and the Guangzhou Liwan District science and technology project (20134415049) to LI Sha.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 R Luo,X Luo,N Sun,Y Pu,P Wang,D Ran,et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Adithi S Shetty1 , MS ,Harish Shetty2 , MD , Divya Hegde3 , MS, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty 4, MD , Jagadish Rao Padubidri 5,*, MD, Diplomate NB
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India.
2Professor and Head,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru, India.
4Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India
5*Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India.
2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, India.
3.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru, India.
4,5Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Jagadish Rao Padubidri.
Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Light House Hill Road, Mangaluru (Affiliated to Manipal University), India or at ppjrao@gmail.com
Article citation: Shetty AS, Shetty H, Hegde D, Shetty BSK, Padubidri JR. Yolk sac abnormalities – Is it a reliable indicator of abortions? – A prospective study in the population residing in rural setup of Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(05):380-384. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Objective: This study was undertaken to determine if there were different abortion rates between normal and abnormal yolk sacs between 5-10 weeks of gestation, its association with pregnancy outcome and correlation with other parameters
Materials and Methods: In this study, the yolk sac characteristics of 95 consecutive pregnant women, of 5-6.5 weeks gestation, with normal body mass index (BMI) were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, which was performed by the same sonographer. We considered the following yolk sac characteristics as normal for classification: diameter: 2-5 mm; round shape; absence of degenerative changes. Yolk sacs that had diameters smaller than 2 mm or larger than 5 mm; a shape that was not round (i.e., oval or distorted); the presence of degenerative changes. The outcome is statistically analyzed.
Results: A total of 100 cases were evaluated. Five cases were excluded. 81(85.3%) continued beyond 20 weeks and the rest 14(14.7%) ended in abortions. About 95.7% of the pregnancies showed the presence of a yolk sac, while in 4.3% of them a yolk sac was absent. Pregnancies with large yolk sac diameter ended with abortions. The sensitivity of predicting normal outcome with regular yolk sac is as high as 94.2%, while specificity is 34.5%.
Conclusions: Abnormalities of the yolk sac size or shape, and absence can be used as a reliable indicators of early pregnancy.
KEYWORDS: Normal Yolk Sac; Abnormal Yolk Sac; Spontaneous Abortion; Transvaginal Ultrasound.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Copyright © 2015 Shetty AS, Shetty H, Hegde D, Shetty BSK, Padubidri JR. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.