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Original article
Amar Nagesh Kumar1,*, Uppala Satyanarayana2, Jupalle Nagaiah Naidu1, Krishnan Ramalingam1, Medabalmi Anitha3
Affiliation:
1Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
2Research Director and Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinaoutapalli, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
3Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2.Department of Biochemistry, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinaoutapalli, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
Amar Nagesh Kumar
PhD scholar,
Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College, Chinthareddypalem Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
Article citation: Kumar AN, Satyanarayana U, Naidu JN, Ramalingam K, Anitha M. Comparison of lipid profile, thyroid profile, glycaemic status, sex hormonal levels, 25–OH vitamin D and oxidative stress status in obese and non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with metformin. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(07):572-582. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, multiple small subcapsular cystic follicles in the ovary. PCOS is associated with metabolic abnormalities-insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, besides increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Earlier, it was believed that only obese women are susceptible to PCOS. Recent evidence shows that many non obese women are also developing PCOS.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal profile and status of oxidative stress among obese and non obese PCOS women of reproductive age group in our population. Further, to observe any significant changes in the above parameters among obese and non obese PCOS women early in its course. To observe changes with respect to clinical, biochemical, and endocrine function in obese and non obese PCOS women after treatment with Metformin.
Materials and Methods: The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase I study includes recruitment of 75 healthy control women as group 1 (controls) and 150 women with PCOS, divided into two sub groups obese (group 2) and non obese (group 3) depending on body mass index (BMI) (≥ or ≤ 25.10 kg/m2). All the subjects in three groups were age matched. Serum lipid profile, fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, thyroid profile, gonadotropin hormones, 25-OH vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous levels and oxidative stress status were measured. In phase II study same parameters done in phase I of the study were reassessed in group 2 and group 3 patients after treatment with metformin. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 20.0.
Results: High serum fasting glucose and insulin levels, high cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and low HDL levels were found in both obese and non obese PCOS when compared to control women. Similarly lower FSH level, higher LH levels and LH/FSH ratio were reported in both obese and non obese PCOS women compared to controls. Mild hyperprolactinaemia was found in the both obese and non obese PCOS women when compared to controls, in phase I of the study. In phase II study, both obese and non obese PCOS women showed significant reduction with respect to biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glycaemic status, vitamin D), oxidative stress status, and normal gonadotropin levels (LH, FSH, Testosterone) when compared to healthy controls.
Conclusion: Metformin treatment in both obese and non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with improved insulin levels, decreased insulin resistance, decreased hyperandrogenemia, and reduced oxidative stress status.
KEYWORDS: Metformin; Obese PCOS; Non obese PCOS; Insulin resistance; Dyslipidaemia; Oxidative stress; Gonadotropins.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Kumar AN, Satyanarayana U, Naidu JN, Ramalingam K, Anitha M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
*Ranjan Bhattacharyya. MD,DNB (Psychiatry)
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Ranjan Bhattacharyya.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, Berhampore, West Bengal, India or at +91-9433053389/94755565090
Article citation: Bhattacharyya R. Living with the Corpse: Introspection Amidst the Media Hype. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(07):551-563. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The police officials on 11 th June, 2015 recovered a charred body of a 77-year-old man, a fully-clothed skeleton of a woman in bedrooms, two bags full of bones of dogs with only living person, a man in his mid-40s in the house in Kolkata. Methodology: The event has been described as the reports collected from media sources, police and forensic evidences. Discussion: The event has been described on the basis of psychopathology with expert reviews. Conclusion: The media role has been highlighted along with an attempt had been made to generate more awareness about mental illness removing the stigma associated with it.
KEYWORDS: Notes and diaries; Forensic aspects; Media reporting; Necrophilia; Shared delusional disorder.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Bhattacharyya R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
David, O. M* and Oluwaniyi, T. T
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. David, Oluwole Moses
Department of Microbiology,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti-360101, Nigeria
Article citation: David OM, Oluwaniyi TT. Assessment of the microbiological effectiveness of five sanitizers in reducing the population of Enterococcus feacalis isolated from salad vegetables- Sanitation and hygiene improvement study. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(07):542-550. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Salad vegetables in most cases do not undergo heat treatment before consumption despite high possibility of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The microbiology quality of the cabbage, carrot and cucumber sold in Ado-Ekiti were investigated in this study. The association of the Enterococcus faecalis with the vegetables and its ability to produce biofilm grow in the presence of antibiotics were investigated. The ability of the bacterium to tolerate common vegetable sanitizers was also studied. The bioburden of unwashed vegetables were higher than the washed vegetables. The microbial load of the vegetables ranged between 4.93 and 3.85 Log10 CFU/g. Washing reduced the number of organism in the vegetable by 22.72. 23.38 and 38.13% in cabbage, cucumber and carrot respectively. Enterococcus faecalis strains were highly susceptible to gentamicin. In decreasing order, erythromycin, cloxacillin and cotrimoxazole showed the least effectiveness on the isolates. Out of 127 selected isolates, only 83(65.35%) were produced biofilm. The susceptibility of E. facalis strains to different vegetable sanitizers (acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium hypochloride) was also reported. Contamination should be avoided from the field till they get to the final consumers since contaminated salad vegetables pose a great threat to the health of the public.
KEYWORDS: Salad vegetables; cabbage; carrot; cucumber; Enterococcus faecalis; antibiotics; biofilm; sanitizers.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 David OM, Oluwaniyi TT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Jyoti Bala*,Kumar Saurabh,Veena Singh Ghalaut, Yuthika Aggrawal
Affiliation:
*Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Jyoti Bala,
D-2, New Bharat, Nagar, Bhiwani, Haryana,India
Article citation: Bala J, Saurabh K, Ghalaut VS, Aggrawal Y. Study the levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin in thalassemia. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(07):539-541. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin in thalassemic children.
Material and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry in PGIMS, Rohtak. Thirty children with the confirmed diagnosis of thalassemia were enrolled in the study group and thirty healthy age and sex matched children were included in the control group. Estimation of serum ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were done by ADVIA Centaur CP autoanalyzer by chemiluminescence immunoassay.
Results: Study group showed a decrease in serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels with mean value of 8.91 ±1.04 ng/mL and 241.33± 29.28 pg/mL respectively as compared to control group was 12.23±1.31 ng/mL and 419.63±58.47 pg/mL (p<0.001) whereas increased concentration of ferritin with mean value of 3466.75± 2028.96 ng/mL in study group as compared to control group was 176.70±11.63 and was statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The present study found a significant decrease of vitamin B12, folic acid and increased ferritin in children with thalassemia. Biochemical screening of these parameters is of paramount importance in thalassemia patients in paediatric age group. Also, there is an absolute need for further studies to understand the mechanism of relationship between serum ferritin, Vitamin B12 and folic acid in these patients.
KEYWORDS: Thalassemia; Ferritin; vitamin B12; Folic acid.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Bala J,Saurabh K,,Ghalaut VS,Aggrawal Y. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Shetgar Anupama1, Patil Brijesh2, Anandi Vinut3 ,Gill Kanwarpal Singh4
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, 2Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, 3Resident, Department of Ophthalmology,4Resident, Department of Ophthalmology S.Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Ophthalmology S.Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
Abstract:
Aim: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors predisposing to infective keratitis in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
Methods: All patients with suspected infective keratitis attending ophthalmology outpatient department at Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar hospital from First of October 2014 were accessed. Sociodemographic data and risk factors were recorded. Corneal scrapings and samples were sent for microbiological assessment.
Results: In 3 month period 50 cases with infective keratitis were documented and accessed. 64% males being the majority with middle aged working population as prime section.
65% had predisposing trauma as history with 43% attended hospital within 1st week of event.76% sought medical help. Among them 52% had fungal pathogen, 43% had bacterial pathogen, 5% had mixed aetiological agents.
Conclusion: Infective keratitis being the commonest cause for corneal opacity, most oftenly occurs after an episode of trauma with agricultural products or tools.
KEYWORDS: Infective keratitis; Risk factors; Health facility; Bagalkot.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Shetgar A, Patil B, Anandi B,Gill KS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.