DocumentsDate added
Original article
Choudhry AAfreen (MSc), Guddaiah Rajeshwari (MSc), Prabhu Krishnananda*(MD)
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
Address reprint requests to
* Krishnananda Prabhu
Professor and Head
Department of Biochemistry. Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal– 576104, India
Article citation: AAfreen C, Rajeshwari G, Krishnananda P, HOMA IR/C peptide ratio – A better tool for predicting prognosis of type II diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):650-654. Available at www.jpbms.info
Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of type II diabetes which can precede and predict the disease. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. Insulin / c peptide ratio can act as a measure of insulin reserve which in addition indirectly can indicate insulin resistance. Also HOMA-IR / c peptide ratio indicates insulin resistance with respect to endogenous insulin reserve. The aim of this study was to compare the correlations of indices HOMA-IR, Insulin / c peptide ratio and HOMA-IR / c peptide ratio with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma lipid profile in type II diabetic patients.
Methods: Blood glucose, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were estimated in Cobas 6000 autoanalyser. Glycated hemoglobin was estimated by using HPLC in Variant turbo II. Insulin and C- peptide were estimated by chemiluminescence. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated from basal (fasting) glucose and fasting insulin concentrations.
Results: Strong and significant correlations were observed when HOMA IR/c peptide ratio was compared with HbA1c and plasma lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion: This study indicated that among the indices Insulin / c peptide ratio and HOMA-IR / c peptide ratio
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Insulin Resistance; HOMA model; C peptide.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 AAfreen C, Rajeshwari G, Krishnananda P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Alakta Subhadarshini Das1,*, Jagat Jiban Mallick1,¥, Sudhansu Sekhar Patra2,€, Dharmendra Dugar2,£
Affiliation:
1Senior Resident,1,¥Professor and Head,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2,€Assistant Professor, Pediatric Surgical Unit,2,£Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Hi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Alakta Subhadarshini Das.
Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Article citation:
Das AS, Mallick J, Patra SS, Dugar D. Amniotic Band Syndrome, A problem yet to be explored. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):621-623. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Congenital amniotic band syndrome also known as amniotic band constriction, ADAM complex is a rare occurrence. It is caused by entrapment of fetal parts, usually a limb or a digit in fibrous amniotic bands in utero causing mild to severe congenital deformities.
Case report: A 35 year old primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation presented to our emergency unit with bleeding and leaking PV since 3 days. She had regular ante natal checkups. Her USG reports at 18weeks, 22weeks, 24 weeks, 28 weeks and 32 weeks revealed persistent breech presentation with severe oligoamnios (1-4cm) for which she recieved amnioinfusion several times. Repeat USG showed a single live fetus with AGA 31 weeks and 2 days in breech presentation with central placenta previa. Baby was born with flat facial profile, bilateral below knee auto amputation and constriction band at index finger of right hand. X-ray showed bilateral deficient lower limb bones. Conclusion: As amniotic band syndrome is an accidental event. Usually sporadic, it does not appear to have any genetic association. So the likelihood of occurring in another pregnancy is remote. The cause of amnion tearing is unknown and as such there is no preventive measure. Hence a more vigilant and detailed approach towards the cases with early onset severe oligoamnios may reduce the foetal morbidity and morbidity. Individualisation of cases, assessment of severity and fetoscopic surgery for better outcome of foetuses need to be considered with a team approach.
KEYWORDS: Congenital amniotic band syndrome; average gestational age; congenital constriction bands.
REFERENCES
1.Stevenson RE, Hall JG.Human Malformations and related anomalies, 2nd ed.Oxford University Press, 2006 p.871
2.Kalousek DK, Bamforth S. Amnion rupture sequence in previable foetuses, Am. J. Med Genet.1988;31:63
3.Higginbottom MC, Jones KL, Hall BD. The amniotic band disruption complex:timing of amnion rupture and variable spectra of consequent defects. J. Ped.1979;95:544
4.Robin NH,Franklin J, Prucka S,et al.Clefting,amniotic bands, and polydactyly: a distinct phenotype that supports an intrinsic mechanism for amniotic band sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2005;137A:298
5.Sonographic imaging of amniotic band syndrome in early pregnancy. J.Clin. USG.2008; 36:573-5. .
6.News Online,(Australian Broadcasting Corporation);2008-06-08.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Das AS, Mallick J, Patra SS, Dugar D. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Jenan Nadhim Sadeq*
Affiliation:
Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Jenan Nadhim Sadeq.
Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Article citation:
Sadeq JN. Detection important virulence factor (Cytolethal distending toxin gene) in Campylobacter jejuni from chicken by real-time PCR Technique. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):632-637. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Campylobacteriosis is a globally extended distributed zoonotic diseases, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is one of the main virulence elements related to Campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis in human and animal species. The contamination of poultry carcasses in slaughterhouses and consequent consumption or handling of raw or undercooked meat is most significant risk factors. In this study we used Real-Time PCR based SYBER Green dye amplification as advance molecular technique in direct detection cytolethal distending toxin gene in genomic DNA that extracted from broiler chicken stool samples, the specific primers was designed in this study by using NCBI-Gen Bank data base and primer 3 plus. Real-time PCR results were show high occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni that carrying virulence factor (Cytolethal distending toxin) in stool samples of broiler chicken. Out of 50 chicken stool samples (41) positive samples at (82%). In conclusion the present study was concluded that shedding of C. jejuni that contains to cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) contributed very important risk factors to public health, use of Real-Time PCR technique is fast and very specific molecular technique.
KEYWORDS: Real-Time PCR technique, Campylobacter jejuni, chicken, cytolethal distending toxin, SYBER Green dye.
REFERENCES
1.Wagenaar JA, French NP, Havelaar AH: Preventing campylobacter at the source: why is it so difficult? 2013,57(11):1600-1606.
2.Fedoroff N.V, Battisti DS, Beachy RN, Cooper PJ. M., Fischhoff DA, Hodges CN, Knauf VC, Lobell D, Mazur BJ, Molden D et al. (2010) Radically Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century; Science 327: 833–834.
3.Lamb-Rosteski JM, Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG(2008). Epidermal growth factor inhibits Campylobacter jejuni-induced claudin-4 disruption, loss of epithelial barrier function, and Escherichia coli translocation. Infect Immune 76:3390–3398.
4.Khanna PN, Kumar A, Singh AK, Khan IA. (1996). Thermophilic campylobacter - public health importance and our observations. Indian J Comp. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. Dis. 17:32-40.
5.Moore JE, Corcoran D, Dooley JSG, Fanning S, Lucey B, Matsuda M, McDowell R, O’Riordan L.,Friedman C.R., NEIMANN J .,WEGENER H.C. & TAUXER.V. (2000). Epidemiology of C jejuni infections in the United States and other industrialized nations. In: Campylobacter, Second Edition, Nachamkin I. & M.J. Blaser, eds. ASM Press, Washington DC , USA, 121–138.
7.Scott DA, and Kaper JB. 1994. Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding Escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin. Infect.Immun. 62:244-251.
8.Wassenaar TM. (1997).Toxin production by Campylobacter spp. Clin Microbiol Rev.10:466–476.
9.Park SF. 2002The physiology of Campylobacter species and its relevance to their role as food borne pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol. 74:177–188.
10.Martinez I, Mateo E, Churruca E, Girbau C, Alonso R, Fernandez-A storga A (2006). Detection of cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes in Campylobacter jejuni by multiplex PCR. Int J Med Microbiol 296:45-48.
11.Jeon B, It oh K, Ryu S (2005) Promoter analysis of Cytolethal Distending Toxin genes (cdt A , B and C) and effect of aluxS mutation on CDT production in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Immunol 49:599-603.
12.Johnson WM, and Lior H(1988). A new heat-labile cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) produce by Campylobacter spp. Microb. Pathog. 4:115-126.
13.Aline Feola de Carvalho, Daniela Martins da Silva, Sergio Santos Azevedo, Rosa Maria Piatti, Margareth Elide Genovez, and Eliana Scarcelli (2013) Detection of CDT toxin genes in Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 44(3):693-699.
14.Bang DD, Scheutz F, Gradel KO, Nielsen EM, Pedersen K, Enberg J, Gerner-Smidt P, Handberg K, Madsen M. (2003). Detection of seven virulence and toxin genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from different sources and cytolethal distending toxin production suggest potential diversity of pathogenic properties among isolates. Genome Lett.2:62-72.
15.Datta S, Niwa H, Itoh K. 2003.PREVALENCE of of 11 pathogenic genes of Campylobacter jejuni by PCR in strains isolated from humans, poultry meat and broiler and bovine faeces. J. Med. Microbiol. 52: 345-348.
16.Rozynek E, Dzierzanowska-Frangat K, Jozwiak P, Popowski J, Korsak D, Dzierzanowska D.(2005).PREVALENCE of potential virulence markers in Polish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates obtained from hospitalized children and from chicken carcasses. J Med Microbiol. 54:615–619.
17.Samosornsuk W, Asakura M, Yoshida E, Taguchi T, Nishimura K, Eampokalap B, Phongsisay V, Chaicumpa W, Yamasaki S.(2007). EVALUATION of a Cytolethal Distending Toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific Multiplex-PCR assay for the identification of Campylobacter strains isolated from poultry in Thailand. Microbiol Immunol. 51:909–917.
18.Talukder KA, Aslam M, Islam Z, Azmi IJ, Dutta DK, Hossain S, Nur-E-Kamal A, Nair GB, Cravio to A, Sack DA, Endtz HP.(2008).PREVALENCE of virulence genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in C jejuni isolates from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol.46:1485–1488.
19.Eyigor A, Dawson KA, Langlois BE, Pickett CL.(1999). Cytolethal distending toxin genes in C jejuni and C coli isolates: detection and analysis by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:1646-1650.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding : None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Sadeq JN. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Mootha Archana1,*, Tobythomas Julie1,€, Malaiappan Sankari1,¥
Affiliation:
1,*Postgraduate Student, 1,€Reader, 1,¥Professor, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Valapanchavadi, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
Address reprint requests to
* Archana Mootha.
No 162, Poonamallee High Road,
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha dental college and hospitals, Valapanchavadi, India
Article citation: Mootha A, Tobythomas J, Malaiappan S, Comparison Of Gingival Depigmentation Using Diode Lasers V/s Surgical Stripping: A Report Of Three Cases. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):670-678. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Gingival hyperpigmentation is one of the leading causes of causing unaesthetic appearances of gingival during smiling. This is very common among patients having a gummy smile or a high smile line. Social and psychological problems and esthetic hindrance in smiling prompts these patients to seek dental care and advice. Various surgical corrective measures are available for depigmentation of gingival. Lasers and scalpel are the most popularly used techniques in today’s dental practice. This article reports three cases comparing laser and scalpel depigmentation with a follow up of 1-6 months with depigmentation done on the same sitting. Postoperative clinical results do not show significant difference between the two techniques.
KEYWORDS: Lasers; Gingival depigmentation; Salpel.
REFERENCES
1.Barrett AW, Scully C. Human oral mucosal melanocytes: a review. J Oral Pathol Med 1994; 23(3):97-103.
2. Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM. Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology. Oral Oncol 2000; 36(2):152-69.
3.Szabó G, Gerald AB, Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB. Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis. Nature 1969; 222:1081-2.
4.Hedin CA, Pindborg JJ, Axéll T. Disappearance of smokers melanosis after reducing smoking. J Oral Pathol Med 1993 May; 22(5):228-30.
5.Meleti M, Vescovi P, Mooi WJ, van der Waal I. Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa and perioral tissues: a flow-chart for the diagnosis and some recommendations for the management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105(5):606-16.
6.Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1984. Text Book of Oral Pathology; pp. 89–136.
7.Cicek Y, Ertas U. The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: a review J Contemp Dent Pract 2003;15:76–86.
8.Esen E, Haytac MC, Oz IA, Erdoğan O, Karsli ED. Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004; 98(5):522-7.
9.Gissen AJ, Covino BG, Gregus J. Differential sensitivities of mammalian nerve fibers to local anesthetic agents. Anesthesiology 1980; 53: 467–74.
10. Raymond SA, Gissen AJ. Mechanisms of differential nerve block. Strichartz GR ed. Local Anesthetics 1987; 95–165
11.Jamie L. Rhudy, Mary W. Meagher. Fear and anxiety: divergent effects on human pain thresholds. Pain. 2000;84:65-75.
12.Optical-Thermal Response of laser irradiated tissue, edited by A,J.Wech and M.J.C.Van Gemert, Plenum Press, new York,1995.
13.Yılmaz S, Algan S, Gursoy H, Noyan U, Kuru BE, Kadir T. Evaluation of the clinical and antimicrobial effects of the Er:YAG laser or topical gaseous ozone as adjuncts to initial periodontal therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2013;31(6):293-8
14.Moritz A, Schoop U, Strassl M, Wintner E. Lasers in Endodontics. In: Moritz A, editor. Oral Laser Application. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2006;p100.
15.The Academy of Laser Dentistry Featured wavelengths diode-the diode laser in dentistry (Academy report) Wave lengths 2000;8:13.
16. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva; an esthetic approach. Indian J Dent Res 2002; 13(2):70-3.
17. Atsawasuwan P, Greethong K, Nimmanon V. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation for esthetic purposes by Nd:YAG laser: report of 4 cases. J Periodontol 2000; 71(2):315-21.
18. M Bhanu Murthy, Jasjit Kaur, and Rupali Das. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with rotary abrasive, scalpel, and laser techniques: A case series. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(4):614–619.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Mootha A,Tobythomas J, Malaiappan S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Vivek Gautam1, Swyeta Jain Gupta 2, Amit Gupta3*
Affiliation:
1 MDS,Prosthodontics (Private practitioner), Gautam Multispeciality Dental Clinic,P N Plaza Complex, Below Bank Of India, Sigra, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
2MDS, Periodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
3MDS,Oral and maxillofacial pathology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr.Amit Gupta. MDS
ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Article citation: Gautam, V., Gupta, S.J., Gupta, A. An interpretive purview of obstructive sleep apnea. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):698-704. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) includes a spectrum of conditions, the most severe of which is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, awareness regarding diagnostic options, management, and consequences of untreated OSA remains inadequate. Untreated OSA leads to excessive daytime sleepiness, diminished performance, and an overall poor quality of life. The role of OSA in promoting insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and a procoagulant state has now been established. With newer modes of treatment it is hoped that patient’s compliance and the quality of life will improve. Since OSA is common, it has considerable effects upon patients and their families; it increases the risk of other diseases, and can be effectively treated. It is important to improve the way these patients are diagnosed. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the current understanding regarding the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for patients with OSA.
KEYWORDS: obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome; obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; obese.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Gautam V, Gupta SJ, Gupta A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.