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Research article
Suadad A.Kadhim*, Yasmen R.Humudat, Hiba T.Hussein
Affiliation:
Researcher, Environment and Water Directorate/ Ministry of Science & Technology, Al-Jadirya, Baghdad, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Environment and Water Directorate/ Ministry of Science & Technology, Al-Jadirya, Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Suadad A.Kadhim
Researcher, Environment and Water Directorate/ Ministry of Science & Technology, Al-Jadirya, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation:
Kadhim SA, Humuda YR, Hussein HT. Preliminary detection of Vibrionaceae in drinking water in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(08):638-642. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: In this research we detected bacteria that belong to Vibrionaceae in drinking water in Baghdad governorate, the survey include 20 city 9 of it belong to Al-Karkh sector and 11 belong to Al-Rasafa sector the survey continued for 6 month began from March to August 2014, the result show the drinking water cleared from Vibrionaceae family but contaminated by other bacteria like (E.coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas), were Al-Saydia city the most contaminated water were isolated three type of bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas) while in Diyala Bridge water contaminated by (E.coli and Salmonella) were Pseudomonas appear in new Bagdad and Al-kreaat. Based on the premininary study results,it is suggested that the concerned authorities should made proper and preventive measures to supply pure and safe water to avoid any epidemics of infectious disease in near by future.
KEYWORDS: Vibrionaceae;Drinking water; Iraq.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
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Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Kadhim SA, Humuda YR, Hussein HT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Rathi S1,*, Bikash R. Meher1,¥, Revathy Saravanan1,£, Narayanan K1,£, Dipali Murkerjee1,€
Affiliation:
1,*M.D Pharmacology, 1,¥M.D Pharmacology, Associate professor, 1,£M.D Pharmacology, Professor,1,€M.D Pharmacology, HOD & Professor Sri Venkashwaraa Medical College & RC, Pondicherry, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Sri Venkashwaraa Medical College & RC, Pondicherry, India
Address reprint requests to
* S.Rathi.
No.2, Srinivasa Nagar,1st Main Road, Kolathur, Chennai -600099., India
Article citation: Rathi S, Meher BR, Revathy S, Narayanan K, Mukerjee D. A cross sectional study to assess knowledge and attitude towards Pneumococcal vaccination among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital of South India. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):690-697. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude of pneumococcal vaccine status among final year undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methodology: A structured pre-tested questionnaire was distributed among 130 undergraduate medical students after obtaining their informed consent. The questionnaire comprised of 20 questions divided into three sections consisting of 11, 6 and 3 questions to test knowledge, attitude and awareness respectively. The collected data was entered into an excel sheet. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SSPS version 18.
Results: Among 130 students, 55(42.30 percent) were male and 75(57.70 percent) were female.Response rate for the study was 100 percent.
In knowledge questions, 40 percent participants obtained low score (< 5), 50 percent participants had moderate score (6-8) and 10 percent participants obtained high score (9-11). Girls had better knowledge and attitude when compared with boys and were statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study results conclude that almost 95.4 percent of students were aware of pneumococcal vaccine. The major source of awareness for students was medical books. This study also suggests that knowledge of pneumococcal vaccine was moderate among the participants, so there is a need for educational intervention to enhance their knowledge regarding pneumococcal vaccine.
KEYWORDS: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Medical students, invasive pneumococcal disease.
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Presentation at a meeting:
Organisation: ISRPTCON, 2014
Place: Pondicherry
Date: 21.11.2014
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Rathi S, Meher BR, Saravanan R, Narayanan K, Mukerjee D. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Ashima Badyal*
Affiliation:
*MD Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu, J&K, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu, J&K, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Ashima Badyal.
214 A Shastri Nagar, Jammu, J&K, India 180004
Article citation: Badyal A. Screening for prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):687-689. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non–skin cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men. Early diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate is hindered by the lack of symptoms in men with localized tumours. Patients with early stage prostate cancer are generally asymptomatic. The present study was planned to screen men for serum PSA. The study was conducted in the Super Speciality Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Jammu. 2ml of venous blood was collected from antecubital vein under aseptic conditions from each individual and serum was separated, with the consent of each individual, aware about the screening of prostate cancer. Sample was analyzed on ARCHITECT Total PSA assay which is a Chemiluminescent Micro Particle Immunoassay (CMIA) for the quantitative determination of total PSA. Majority of patients in the age group >70 yrs of age were found to be at high risk of prostate cancer. Lower thresholds, if taken, can increase the number of cases of cancer detected, but they also increase the risk of a false-positive result. There is no conclusive evidence to determine what proportion of the decline in prostate cancer mortality is due to screening versus improved treatment, or other factors. The implication of the strong recommendations against screening men less than55 years of age and those 70 years of age and older, is that clinicians should not routinely discuss screening with men in these age groups unless the topic is raised by the patient.
KEYWORDS: Prostate Cancer; Prostate Specific Antigen; Chemiluminescence; Screening.
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Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Badyal A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article
Vivek Gautam1, Swyeta Jain Gupta 2, Amit Gupta3*
Affiliation:
1 MDS,Prosthodontics (Private practitioner), Gautam Multispeciality Dental Clinic,P N Plaza Complex, Below Bank Of India, Sigra, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
2MDS, Periodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
3MDS,Oral and maxillofacial pathology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr.Amit Gupta. MDS
ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Article citation: Gautam, V., Gupta, S.J., Gupta, A. An interpretive purview of obstructive sleep apnea. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015;05(08):698-704. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) includes a spectrum of conditions, the most severe of which is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, awareness regarding diagnostic options, management, and consequences of untreated OSA remains inadequate. Untreated OSA leads to excessive daytime sleepiness, diminished performance, and an overall poor quality of life. The role of OSA in promoting insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and a procoagulant state has now been established. With newer modes of treatment it is hoped that patient’s compliance and the quality of life will improve. Since OSA is common, it has considerable effects upon patients and their families; it increases the risk of other diseases, and can be effectively treated. It is important to improve the way these patients are diagnosed. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the current understanding regarding the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for patients with OSA.
KEYWORDS: obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome; obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; obese.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Gautam V, Gupta SJ, Gupta A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.