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Original article
Sanjay Kumar Porwal1,*,B.C.Mewara1,¥,Madhusudan Swarnkar1,€,Sanjeev Gupta1,ß
Affiliation:
1,*Associate Professor, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,€ Assistanrt Professor, Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,ß Senior Medical Officer, Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
2.Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
3.Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Sanjay Kumar Porwal.
B4 Anand Vihar, Jhalawar, Rajasthan- 326001, India
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Enteric perforation is a a common occurrence in developing world. Its surgical complication is perforation peritonitis. It causes great morbidity and mortality and a socio economic burden to already poorer countries and developing countries.
Methodology: A retrospective study conducted at S.R.G. Hospital attached to Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar (Rajasthan). It includes 100 cases. Data was collected and master chart prepared.
Results: This study shows that males are more affected. There is a lot of morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: The commoner entity enteric perforation peritonitis can be put under control in terms of morbidity and mortality by better pre operative , per operative and post operative care.
KEYWORDS: typhoid fever, enteric perforation, peritonitis.
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Porwal, S.K.,Mewara, B.C.,Swarnkar, M.,Gupta, S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A.I. Shaddad1,*, A.K Muddathir2, I. B. ElTayeb3, A, O.Z. Baraka1
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Shaddad AS et al. Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S43-S46.. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The present work was carried out on healthly and productive Sudanese desert sheep, using ivermectin I % (Ivomec) at the therapeutic single dose of I cc/ 50 kg body weight (200 ug/kg body weight) on two groups of animals: non-pregnant and pregnant groups.
Ivermectin is a broad spectrum anthelmentic drug widely used in human as well as for veterinary practice.
Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the non-pregnant and pregnant groups of ewes. Plasma samples were collected at day zero and then every other day. Drug analysis was carried out by RIA method.
The results showed a significant difference between the non-pregnant and pregnant animals with the pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2 (ka) 1.61± 0.20 and 0.47 + 0.11 hours, time to peak 6.58± 0.46 and 3.75± 0.29 days, Cm 36.07± 0.88 and 31.52 ± 0.79 ng/ml, Vd 16.29 ± 0.58 and 19.83± 1.16 L, AUC 1674.74 ± 21.42 and 1441.59 ± 43.74 ng/ml/days t1/2 (Ka 21.49 ± 0.59 and ± 1.65 days and the clearance 428.61 ± 1.62 and 470.39 ± 14.07 mI/day, The mean residual time was 41.032± 2.104 and 44.976 ± 4.694 days for non-pregnant and pregnant ewes respectively.
The residual effect of the drug was evident throughout the experiments. However, a second peak which occurred 4-5 times during the elimination phase was recorded in all the investigations carried out. These peaks were suggestive of an enterohepatic recycle, which could at least partly justify the persistence of the drug in the body.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Baraka, O.Z., Mahmoud B.M., Marschke C. K., Geary T.G., Homeida M. M. A. and Williams J.F. (1996). ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected with Onchocerca voivulus. Eur. I Clin. Pharmacol. 50.407-410.
2.Campbell WC (1985) Ivermectin:An update. Prasitol Today 1(l):10-16.
3.Campbell W.C., Fisher M. H., Stapley E. 0., Albers-Schonbers G., Jacobs T. A. (1983). Ivermectin A potent new antiparasitic agent. Science 221:823-828.
4.Chiou R., Staubs R. J., and Bayne W.F. (1987). Determination of ivermectin in human plasma and milk by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. I Chromatography 416 -202.
5.Chiu SHL, Lu AYH (1989) Metabolism and tissue residues. In: Capbell W.C.(ed) Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer,New York,pp 13 1-143.
6.Downing GV (1989) The determinative method for assaying ivermectin residues in tissue and plasma. In:Capbell WC (ed)Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer, New York,pp 324-335.
7.Fink D. W., and Porras A.G. (1989). Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in animals and humans. (Ed. Cambell, W.C.) ivermectin and abamectin, chap. 7; pp 113-130, Springlar-Verlag, New York.
8.Marschke C.K. (1989). Development of radioimmunoassay for avermectin. International Chemical congress of Pacific Basin Societies. Agrochemistry presentation no. 233, Dec. 20,1989. Richardson C. (1972). Vet.Rec., 90:264.
9.Dakkak A. Robin B, Kachani M (1986). Efficacy of ivermectin in the ewe. Rev Med Vet (Toulse)137:781-787.
10. Richardson C (1972). Pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe: A review. Vet Rec 90:264-275.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A. Shaddad1,*, Salah El Din Abdel Hag2, Tigani Hassan3, Sumaya I Abass4
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bahr Elghazal, Sudan
3Department of Medicine, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum, Sudan
4Microbiology- Veterinary Research Centre, Khartoum Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. Investigation of in vitro super growth generation of E. coli by ox bile. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S39-S42. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Ox bile as such has ethno-pharmacological use including infectious conditions. This therapeutic use was verified experimentally. Fresh ox bile was collected under aseptic conditions. Pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli were cultivated using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial actions of ox bile were tested on standard pathogenic Escherichia coli cultured on blood agar. Whole ox bile & 50 % were bacteristatic to the microorganism. At the concentration of 33%, ox bile generated supergrowth of the microorganism. The microorganism was not sensitive to 25% concentration of ox bile.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Abdel Hag, S. E. A. (2008). A pharmacoligical study of some therapeutic & antimicrobial potentials of ox bile, PhD. Thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
2.Bockus, H. L. (1953). Affections of the gallbladder and bile ducts, Gastro-entrologly W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia: vol III. P. 424 – 715.
3.Collee, J. G.; Fraser, A. G., Marmion, B. P. and Simmons, A. (1996). Practical Medica lMicrobiolgy. 14th ed. Churchill Livingstone Inc. 650 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10011, USA.
4.Elsanousi, S.M.; Ali, B.H. and El Sheikh, A. (2004). The influence of deoxycholic acid on the inhibitory effect of Furazolidone in vitro, (unpublished paper).
5.Garriga, Paseual. Selection of lactobacilli for chicken probiotic adjuncts, Journal of applied microbiology 1997; 84,1:125.
6.Hulitanen, C.M. Bile acid inhibition of Clastridium botulinum, Applied Environmental microbiology 1979; 38: 216 – 218.
7.Kalashinic, S.A. Bactericidal action of human and bovine bile on Staphylococci, Varachebonoe Delo.1973;10:132 -154.
8.Tkachuch, N.I. Protection of antimicrobial activity of Furazolidone by bile acids. Vrachebonoe Delo 1983; 4:110 – 112.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Amna Elhassan Hamad Mohammed1, Sania A.I. Shaddad2,*, Osama Yousuf Mohammed3
Affiliation:
1Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
2Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mohammed Bin Saud-Riyadh
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
2.Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
3.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mohammed Bin Saud-Riyadh
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the crude methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S06-S14. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: This study includes pharmacological investigation of methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides (G.L) that has been used traditionally to treat stomach disturbances.
Objectives: To evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides to validate the claim of its traditional uses.
Methods: The methanolic extract of Glinus lotoides herb was screened for its anti-ulcerogenic activity in four different models,aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in fasting rat,s stomach,HCl-ethanol induced ulcer in mice, water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats and histamine induced gastric acid secretion in rat's stomach.
Results: The phytochemical studies of the plant showed that flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids,Triterpenes, Tannins, Saponins and Cuomarins are the main constituents.of the plant.The results showed that methanolic extract of G.l at a dose of 300 mg ∕ kg was markedly decreased the incidence of ulcer that induced by aspirin in rat stomach and reduced ulcer index from 19.4±1.8 that induced by 150 mg/kg aspirin to 10.00±0.9. Also inhibited H+ ion concentration that had been stimulated by administration of histamine (2µg/kg) in rat stomach when the plant was given simultaneously at dose 400 µg/kg, with histamine and elevate the pH to 4.37±0.75 compared with the pH 2.84±0.81 that induced by administration of 2µg/ml histamine alone. Also G.l extract was antagonized histamine effect in contracting rat uterus and blocked the stimulant effect of HCl on guinea pig atrium. Also the extract antagonized ulcer induced by HCl/ethanol in mice by 48.33% ulcer inhibition, compared with 50.54% that of sucralfate.The extract reduced water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats by 49.16% ulcer inhibition whereas that of omeprazole was 100%.
Conclusion: The study confirmed the antiulcerogenic activity of the extracts.
KEYWORDS: Anti-ulcer; Glinus lotoides; Aspirin-induced ulcer; H+ ion concentration.
REFERENCES
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2.Bhattacharya, S. K., Bhattacharya,D. (1982). Effect of restraint stress on rat brain serotonin. Bioscience 4: 269-274.
3.El-Hamidi, A. (1967). Glinus lotoides (lotus sweet juice) in encyclopedia of life. Flora of North America 4: 507-512.
4.Esplugues J.V., Ramos E.G., Gil L., and Esplugues J. (1990). Influence of capsaicin-sensitive efferent neurons on the acid secretory responses of the rat stomach in vivo. Br. J. Pharmacol. 100, 491-496.
5.Gonzales, T. Y. P., E.J; Stipp and L.C.Di Stasi (2001). Antiulcerogenic and analgesic effects of Maytenus aquifolium bomplandii and zolemia inticifolia. Ethnopharmacology 77: 41-47.
6.Harborne, J. B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. London.
7.Hirano, H. O., E.;Yamaoka,Y.;Yokoi,T (2001). Gastric mucous membrane protection activity of coptisine derivatives. Biol.Pharm.Bull. 24: 1277-1281.
8.Hirano, H. T., T.;Yokoi,T.;Shingu,T. (1997). Gastric mucous membrane-protective principles of coptidis rhizoma. Nat. Med. 51: 516-518.
9.Hirano, H. T., T. Yoshioka,Y. Yokoi,T. Shingu,T. (2000). Analysis of mucous membrane-protective compounds in coptidis rhizoma. Nat. Med. 54: 209-212.
10.K.R.Kirtikar and B.D.Basu; Indian Medicinal Plants,L.M. Basu,Allahabad, Vol.1,135,1933.
11.Lippe I.Th., P. M. A., Holzer P (1989). Intragastric capsaicin enhances gastric acid elimination and mucosal blood flow by afferent nerve stimulation. Br.J.Pharmacol 96: 91-100.
12.Martinez, A and Valencia, G. (2003). Manual d practicas de farmacognosia y Fitoquimia: 1999. 1. Medellin: Universidad antiquia; Marcha fotiquimica, pp. 59-65.
13.Nunes PH, C. P., Galvao SM, Martins MC (2009). Antiulcerogenic activity of Combretum leprosum. Brasil Pharmazie 64(1): 58-62.
14.Robert, A., Nezamis, J.E., Lancaster,C., and Badalmenti,J.M. (1974). Cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer; A new model to test anti-ulcer drugs. Digetion,H: 199-214.
15.Scarpignato, T. R., Zappia L. (1987). Antisecretory and antiulcer effect of H2-receptor antagonist famotidine in the rat: Comparison with ranitidine. British journal of pharmacology 92: 153-159.
16.Selye, H. a. S. (1973). Experimental model for production of perforating duodenal ulcer by cysteamine in the rat. Nature 244: 458-459.
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18.Wall, M. E. E., C.R.;McClenna,M.L.;Klump,M.E. (1952). Detection and estimation of steroid and sapogenins in plant tissue-Analytical Chemistry 24:1337-1342.
19.Yesilada, I. G., E.Ergum (1997). Effect of Cistus laurifolius I. flowers on gastric and duodenal lesions. Ethnopharmacology 55: 201-211.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research Article
Sarat Kumar Behera*, Umakanta Tripathy, Sudeep Kumar Patra, Saiprasanna Behera
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Unit, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Health Park, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Sarat Kumar Behera,
Intensive Care Unit, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Article citation:
Behera SK, Tripathy U, Patra SK, Behera S. PREVALENCE OF OCCULT ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENT WITH SEPTIC SHOCK. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015 Feb; 05(02)Suppl: S47-S53. Available at www.jpbms.info
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2015 Behera SK, Tripathy U, Patra SK, Behera S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.