DocumentsDate added
Case Report
Kushal Baidya1, Abdul Wahid Khan1, Ajaz Suhaff1, Asma Manjoor1, Umar Majid2*
1 Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SKIMS MC Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. M Umar Majid,
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SKIMS MC and Hospital Bemina,
Srinagar KMR, India.
Article citation: Baidya K, Khan AW, Suhaff A, Manjoor A, Majid U. Phobia with hallucinations in a patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(10):771–773.
ABSTRACT This case report describes a 21-year-old patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) diagnosed as phobia with prominent visual hallucinations which were incapacitating. He was treated with sertraline 200 mg/d and clonazepam 0.5 mg/d for 1 month after which his symptoms resolved. It was emphasized that patients with ICD are prone to develop psychiatric disorder and require special attention. Visual hallucinations developed may be present across different spectrum of disorders. Treating the underlying condition resolves hallucinations occurring without psychotic features.
KEYWORDS: visual hallucinations, phobia, anxiety disorder, ICD
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Megha Pawar*, Rabindra N. Misra, Nageswari R. Gandham, Kalpana Angadi, Savita Jadhav,Chanda Vyawahare, Swarupa Hatolkar
Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
Address reprint requests to
*Megha Pawar,
Research scholar,
Department of Microbiology
Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune 411018,Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Pawar M, Misra RN,Gandham NR, Angadi K, Jadhav S,Vyawahare C, Hatolkar S. PREVALENCE AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF CANDIDA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, INDIA. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(10):812–816.Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract
Background The change in epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility has generated interest among clinical microbiologists in the identification of Candida up to species level along with antifungal susceptibility patterns. Objectives This study was undertaken to INVESTIGATE the PREVALANCE of Candida spp and its antifungal susceptibility from the various clinical samples.Materials and Methods Total of 317 clinical samples from various suspected fungal infections were received in the Department of Microbiology to investigate suspected Candidal infections. Isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibility were done by standard conventional methods.Results A total of 104 non-duplicate Candida species were isolated, out of which 37 (35.6%) were C. albicans and 67 (64.4) were non-C. albicans, and the remaining were C. tropicalis 35 (33.7%), C. glabrata 18 (17.3%) and C. parapsilosis 6 (5.8%). Maximum isolates were from sputum as well as body fluids followed by pus, tissue and urine. Antifungal susceptibility showed higher degree of resistance to Fluconazole (4%), followed by Clotrimazole (2%) and lower degree to Amphotericin B (1%). All isolates were susceptible to Ketoconazole, Voriconazole and Nystatin.
Conclusion An increase in the infections was caused by non-candida albicans species. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment especially for those who hospitalise with serious underlying disease.
KEYWORDS antifungal susceptibility testing, Candida species, CHROM agar, Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA)
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case Report
Amit Gupta1*, Puneet Ahuja2, Swyeta Jain Gupta3,Vivek Gautam4,Vivek Rai5
1Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Prof & Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, I.T.S.Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
4MDS,Prosthodontics (Private practitioner),Gautam Multispeciality Dental Clinic,P N Plaza Complex, Below Bank Of India,Sigra, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
5 MDS, Endodontics, Private Practitioner,Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Amit Gupta,
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology,
I.T.S. Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Article citation: Gupta A, Ahuja P,Gupta SJ, Gautam V, Rai V. Critical role of tumor marker biology in the assessment of radiotherapy as a therapeutic modality in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(10):799–806. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT Despite advances in oncology therapeutics and biomedical research that have transformed since the turn of this century and deepened our understanding of cancer hallmarks, resulting in the discovery and development of targeted therapies, the success rates of oncology drug development remain low. Opportunities have increased with the understanding of molecular basis of the cancer translating to the discovery, development and availability of targeted therapies that have brought meaningful benefit to patients with diverse malignancies. One of the most challenging aspects of head and neck oncology is the selection of the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient with squamous cell carcinoma. The encouraging results from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with larger tumours, call for the identification of new accurate predictors of response to radiotherapy so that the appropriate therapy can be tailored better for individual patients.
KEYWORDS radiotherapy, squamous cell carcinoma, tumour markers
REFERENCES
1.Bucci MK, Bevan A, Roach M 3rd. Advances in radiation therapy: conventional to 3D, to IMRT, to 4D, and beyond. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:117–34.
2.Chapman JD. Single-hit mechanism of tumour cell killing by radiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2003;79(2):71–81.
3.Sinclair WK, Morton RA. Variations in X-ray response during the division cycle of partially synchronized Chinese hamster cells in culture. Nature. 1963;199:1158–60.
4.Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, Spiro R. Failure in the neck following multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg. 1984;6(3):724–29.
5.Bristow RG, Benchimol S, Hill RP. The p53 gene as a modifier of intrinsic radiosensitivity: implications for radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 1996;40:197–223.
6.Littbrand B, Révész L. The effect of oxygen on cellular survival and recovery after radiation. Br J Radiol. 1969;42(504):914–24.
7.Martin L, Green B, Renshaw C, Lowe D, Rudland P, Leinster SJ. Examining the technique of angiogenesis assessment in invasive breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;76(8):1046–54.
8.Brun E, Zätterström U, Kjellén E, Zatterstrom U, Kjellen E, Wahlberg P, et al. Prognostic value of histopathological response to radiotherapy and microvessel density in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Acta Oncol. 2001;40:491–6.
9.Shintani S, Kiyota A, Mihara M, Nakahara Y, Terakado N, Ueyama Y, et al. Association of preoperative radiation effect with tumour angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2000;91(10):1051–7.
10.Aebersold DM, Beer KT, Laissue J, Hug S, Kollar A, Greiner RH, et al. Intratumoral microvessel density predicts local treatment failure of radically irradiated squamous cell cancer of the oropharynx. Int J Radiat Onocol Biol Phys. 2000;48:17–25.
11.Rosen EM, Fan S, Goldberg ID, Rockwell S. Biological basis of radiation sensitivity. Part 2: cellular and molecular determinants of radiosensitivity. Oncology (Williston Park). 2000;14(5):741–57; discussion 757–8.
12.Jayasurya R, Francis G, Kannan S, Lekshminarayanan K,Nalinakumari KR, Abraham T, et al. p53, p16 and cyclin D1: molecular determinants of response to radiotherapy treatment response in oral carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2004;109(5):710–6.
13.Jeggo PA, Taccioli GE, Jackson SP. Menage à trios: double strand break repair, V(D)J recombination and DNA-PK. Bioassays.1995;17(11):949–57.
14.Gottlieb TM, Jackson S. The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen.Cell. 1993;72(1):131–42.
15.Shintani S, Mihara M, Li C, Nakahara Y, Hino S, Nakashiro K, et al. Up-regulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase correlates with radiation resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer Sci. 2003;94(10):894–900.
16.Toi M, Matsumoto T, Bando H. Vascular endothelial growth factor: its prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic implications.Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(11):667–73.
17.Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L, Leung DW. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr Rev. 1992;13(1):18–32.
18.Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a target for anticancer therapy. Oncologist. 2004;9(Suppl 1):2–10.
19.Harari PM, Huang SM. Head and neck cancer as a clinical model for molecular targeting of therapy: combining EGFR blockade with radiation. Int J Radiat Onocol Biol Phys. 2001;49(2):427–33.
20.Smith BD, Smith GL, Carter D, Sasaki CT, Haffty BG. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(10):2046–52.
21.Lin DT, Subbaramaiah K, Shah JP, Dannenberg AJ, Boyle JO. Cyclooxygenase-2: a novel molecular target for the prevention and treatment of head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2002;24:792–9.
22.Terakado N, Shintani S, Yano J, Chunnan L, Mihara M, Nakashiro K,Hamakawa H. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2004;40(4):383–9. Nikitakis NG, Sauk JJ, Papanicolaou SI. The role of apoptosis in oral diseases: mechanisms; aberrations in neoplastic,autoimmune; infectious; hematologic and developmental diseases; and therapeutic options. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97(4):476–90.
24.Loro LL, Vintermyr OK, Liavaag PG, Johannessen AC. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with decreased bcl-2/bax expressed ratio and increased apoptosis. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(9):1097–105.
25.Xie X, Clausen OP, Boysen M. Prognostic value of Bak expression in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Oncol Rep. 2003;10(2):369–74.
26.Xie X, Clausen OP, De Angelis P, Boysen M. The prognostic value of spontaneous apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Cancer. 1999;86(6):913–20.
27.Vora HH, Shah NG, Patel DD, Trivedi TI, Chikhlikar PR. Prognostic significance of biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: multivariate analysis. J Surg Oncol. 2003;82(1):34–50.
28.Harari PM. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2004;11(4):689–708.
29.Yarden Y. The EGFR family and its ligands in human cancer:signalling mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37(Suppl 4):S3–S8.
30.Song JI, Grandis JR. STAT signaling in head and neck cancer.Oncogene. 2000;19(21):2489–95.
31.Huang SM, Bock JM, Harari PM. Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res. 1999;59(8):1935–40.
32.Gee JM, Nicholson RI. Expanding the therapeutic repertoire of epidermal growth factor receptor blockade: radiosensitization. Breast Cancer Res. 2003;5(3):126–9.
33.Tamatani T, Azuma M, Ashida Y, Motegi K, Takashima R, et al.Enhanced radiosensitization in NF-kappaB-suppressed human oral cancer cells via the inhibition of gamma-irradiationand 5-FU-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8. Int J Cancer.2004;108(6):912–21.
34.Baselga J. The EGFR as a target for anticancer therapy—focus on cetuximab. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37(Suppl 4):S16–S22.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case Report
Sunita Lawange1*,Ashok K Lawange2,Pravin Sapkal3
1 Anaesthesiology Fellowship in Pain Medicine, Ex-Associate Professor in Anaesthesiology, Consultant Pain Physician, Director, Ashwini Pain Clinic Mehadia Bhavan, Dhantoli, Lokmat Square,Nagpur, India
2 Orthopedics
3 Associate Professor, GMC, Akola
Address reprint requests to
* Dr. Sunita Lawange,
Ashwini Pain Clinic, Mehadia Bhavan, Dhantoli, Lokmat Square, Nagpur, India
Article citation: Lawange S, Lawange AK, Sapkal P. A multidisciplinary approach in managing Raynaud’s disease: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(10):787–790.
ABSTRACT Raynaud disease is a benign episodic digital vasospasm mainly of upper limbs, resulting in ischaemia other peripheral tissues. The chief complaints are constant excruciating pain, burning type, aching sensation in the affected extremity, can be unilateral or bilateral, and discolouration of finger tips along with allodynia and hyperalgesia.
A multidisciplinary approach is the key behind successful outcome of treatment which includes drugs, exercise, and interventions in form of diagnostic sympathetic blocks followed
by radiofrequency sympathectic denervation.
KEYWORDS vascular, sympathectomy, pain.
REFERENCES
1.James P. Rathmel, Atlas of Image Guided Intervention in Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine. Wolters K, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2.Waldman SD (ed). Atlas of Pain Management Injection Techniques. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2000.
3.Ballantyne J. The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
4.van Kleef M, Mekhail N, van Zundert J. Evidence-based guidelines for interventional pain medicine according to clinical diagnoses. Pain Pract. 2009;9(4):247–51.
5.Ubbink DT, Vermeulen H. Spinal cord stimulation for nonreconstructable chronic critical leg ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;20(3):CD004001.
6.Wigley FM. Clinical practice. Raynaud’s phenomenon. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1001–8.
8.Pope JE. The diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon: a practical approach. Drugs. 2007;67:517–25.
9.Cooke JP, Marshall JM. Mechanisms of Raynaud’s disease. Vasc Med. 2005;10:293–307.
10.Fontaine R, Kim M, Kieny R. [Surgical treatment of peripheral circulation disorders]. Helv Chir Acta. 1954;21:499–533.
11.Cross FW, Cotton LT. Chemical lumbar sympathectomy for ischemic rest pain. A randomized, prospective controlled clinical trial. Am J Surg. 1985;150:341–5.
12.Fyfe T, Quin RO. Phenol sympathectomy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: a controlled clinical trial. Br J Surg.1975;62:68–71.
13.Repealer van Driel O, Van Bockel J, Van Schilfgarde R. Lumbar sympathectomy for severe lower limb ischaemia: results and
analysis of factors influencing outcome. J Cardiovasc Surg.1998;29:310–4.
14.Keane FB. Phenol lumbar sympathectomy for severe arterial occlusive disease in the elderly. Br J Surg. 1977;64:519–21.
15.Jivegard LE, Augustinsson LE, Holm J, Risberg B, Ortenwall P. Effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with
inoperable severe lower limb ischaemia: a prospective randomised controlled study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1995;9:421–5.
16.Suy R, Gybels J, Van DH, Martin D, Van MR, Delaporte C. Spinal cord stimulation for ischaemic rest pain. The Belgian
randomized study. In: Horschs S, Claeys L, eds. Spinal Cord Stimulation: An Innovative Method in the Treatment of PVD. Darmstadt: Steinhoff; 1994. pp. 197–202.
17.Klomp HM, Spincemaille GH, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD, van Urk H. Spinal-cord stimulation in critical limb ischaemia: a
randomised trial. ESES Study Group. Lancet. 1999;353:1040–44.
18.Broseta J, Barbera J, de Vera JA, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in peripheral arterial disease. A cooperative study. J Neurosurg. 1986;64:71–80.
19.van Eijs F, Stanton-Hicks M, Van Zundert J, et al. Evidence-based interventional pain medicine according to clinical diagnoses. 16. Complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Pract. 2011;11:70–87.
20.Devulder J, Suijlekom HV, Dongen RV, et al. Ischemic pain in the extremities and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Evidence-Based Medicine. 2011;11(5):483–90.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Loudjedi Salim1*, Bereksi Amian1, Khemis Kamila2, Dib Fadel3, Toaba Toaba1,
Taouagh Nacereddine1, Kherbouche Mouffok1
1 Hospital of Tlemcen, Department of Medicine, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
2 Department of GBM, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
3 Hospital of Tlemcen Gastroenterology,Department of Medicine, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Loudjedi Salim,
Hospital of Tlemcen,
Department of Medicine, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
Article citation: Salim L, Amian B, Kamila K, Fadel D, Toaba T, Nacereddine T, Mouffok K. Evidence-based medicine in biliary surgery: a model of applicability. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(10):807–811.Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the conscientious and judicious use of the best data in the literature for optimal care of patients. This must go through four steps: (1) formulation of a clear clinical question, (2) research documented facts, (3) analysis of results and (4) application of results in clinical practice.
Methods Our choice of application was gallstones and complications because it is a frequent and complex pathology that requires several clinical questions. The experimental design was considered to be a non-comparative cohort study (patients were exposed to evidence-based medicine). It can also be considered as a feasibility study. In our application we took the following steps: (1) formulation of several clinical questions, (2) literature search in medline using MeSH and Cochrane library, (3) analysis of results through critical reading of collected articles, (4) calculation of percentage of patients for each clinical situation and correlating it with the levels of evidence. Then we estimated the matching of our application with EBM by calculating the number of positive responses.
Conclusion As a conclusion we were able to apply EBM with some degrees of confidence.
However, some limitations related to environmental factors are still present. We can overcome this problem by introducing an educational learning model.
KEYWORDS EVIDENCE-based medicine, gallstones, non-comparative, cohort, education
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.