Property | Value |
Name | Growth retardation with respect to HIV |
Description | Research article:- Pediatrics Basavaraj M Patil1*, Sandeep V H2, Harish G3, Venaktesh M Patil4 & Vijayanath.V5 1Associate professor,2Assistant professor,3Resident, Dept of pediatrics, M R medical college, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India. 4Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology,Navodaya Medical College,Raichur,Karnataka,India. 5Associate Professor,Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, VMKV Medical College & Hospital,Salem, Tamil Nadu,India.
Abstract:- As per UNAIDS in 2006 estimated that there were 5.6 million people living with HIV in India, which indicated that there were more people with HIV in India than in any other country globally. In 2007, following the initial stage of HIV among the general population, UNAIDS and NACO agreed on a new estimate between 2 million and 3.1 million people living with HIV. And in 2008 the figure was estimated to be 2.31 million. Similarly in 2009 it was estimated that 2.4 million people were living with HIV in India, which equates to a prevalence of 0.3%. Whereas this may seem low, because India's population is so large, it is third in the world in terms of greatest number of people living with HIV. With a population of around a billion, a mere 0.1% increase in HIV prevalence would increase the estimated number of people living with HIV by over half a million. Throughout the world, the number of children younger than 15 yrs living with HIV has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 2.5million in 2009. Whereas the number of newly infected children has been declining since 2003 due to increasing access to PPTCT services. And in 2009 similarly, alone, worldwide, 3, 70,000 children under the age of 15 yrs were newly infected, of which 90% were acquired through mother to child transmission of HIV, i.e. Around 1000 a day and 2, 60,000 died the majority under the age of 5. INDIA has, with 27 million pregnancies annually, and estimated HIV prevalence of 0.48% in antenatal women, it is estimated that there are 1, 29,600 HIV-infected pregnant women annually. In South India Karnataka accounts for 0.50%. Whereas incidence of mother to child transmission is 5.4% as on Jan 2011 according to NACO annual report 2010-11. In the present study IUGR was noted in 14% of newborns born to HIV positive mothers and the incidence increased with lower CD4 count. At the same time preterm births were of 28% and low birth weight were noted in 36%. There were high incidence of still birth rate (4%) and Intrauterine death rate (4%) and have an inverse relationship with CD4 count. Follow up study done to know the somatic growth of the newborns revealed infected newborns were lighter and shorter when compared to exposed but uninfected newborns.HIV infection in pregnant mothers have adverse neonatal outcome and fetal complications. Perinatal transmission is the commonest mode of acquisition of paediatric HIV infection. Keywords:- Mother; Infant; Infection. References:- 1.UNAIDS. Report on the global AIDS epidemic'.2006. 2.UNAIDS.Press release: 2.5 million people in India living with HIV, according to new estimates. 2007. 3.UNAIDS.India: Country Situation. 2008. 4.UNAIDS.UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. 2010. 5.Unaids-global report 2010 6.NACO-Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV infected adults and adolescents including post-exposure(Dateuploaded:29/08/2007. 7.Tripathi Pensi, HIV in children: clinical features and diagnosis, chapter 45, In Advances in paediatrics 2nd edition volume 1, editors-Anupam sachdeva, AK Dutta Page no:351-372 8.National guidelines for prevention of parent-to-child transmission(PPTCT) June 2012 National AIDS control organisation, India with support from WHO, UNICEF,UNAIDS. 9.Ellis et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 May;l 86(5):903-6.
Copyright © 2013 Basavaraj M Patil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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