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Research article
Lukpata Philip Ugbem1*,Esomonu Ugochukwu Godfrey,1Ewununu Edwin Ojim2,Mba Christian Ejuiwa1
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
*Lukpata PU,
Department of Anatomy,Faculty of Basic medical sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River State, Nigeria
Article citation: Lukpata PU, Esomonu UG, Ewununu EO, Mba CE. Correlation between height and selected anthropometric parameters of the upper limbs of the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):47–50.
ABSTRACT
Anthropologists and forensic scientists as well anatomists have devised means to identify individuals in cases where whole human body is not found during disaster and only segment and fragment of body parts remains. This study aims to find out the correlation between stature and the four parameters; arm, forearm, hand length and
hand breadth. A total of 238 subjects (121 males and 117 females healthy indigenes) between the ages of 18–45 years were measured in Efiks population of Cross River state. The four parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). The hand length (r = 0.609) and hand breadth (r = 0.583) were found the best correlated variable with stature, follow by forearm length (r = 0.543) while arm length (r = 0.206) showed the lowest. The result in this present study show that there was a positive correlation between height and three parameters thereby indicating that height could be predicted using hand length, hand breadth and forearm length among the Efiks people in Cross River state, Nigeria.
KEYWORDS height, correlation, upper extremity, Efiks, Cross River
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original Research
Luai Farhan Zghair*
Lecturer in Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Luai Farhan Zghair, MBChB, DGS,
FICMS, CABS, Lecturer in Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation: Zghair LF. Cervical lymphadenopathy and its management: an interventional study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):67–70. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes (the glands in the neck), the term lymphadenopathy strictly speaking refers to disease of the lymph nodes.
Objectives To diagnose the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy and the management of this problem.
Methods This is an interventional study on 40 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy from January 2015 to December 2015.
Results Forty patients were studied, 30 female (75%) and 10 male (25%), and female to male ratio 3:1. The age ranged from 1 to 70 years, with a mean age of 20 years
+5 years. The majority being in the 1st decade of life constituting 10 patients (25%). Also our study showed that the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy are reactive adenitis 12 patients (30%) followed by acute bacterial suppurative adenitis 10 patients (25%), Hodgkin lymphoma 4 patients (10%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3 patients (7.5%),
chronic non-specific adenitis 3 patients (7.5%), secondary metastases 2 patients (5%), tuberculosis adenitis 2 patients (5%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1 patient (2.5%), infectious mononucleosis 1 patient (2.5%), typhoid fever 1 patient (2.5%) and Castleman disease 1 patient (2.5%).
Conclusion Our study showed that the causes of the cervical lymphadenopathy are reactive adenitis, followed by acute bacterial suppurative adenitis, Hodgkin lymphoma,
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic non-specific adenitis, secondary metastases, tuberculosis adenitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid fever and Castelman disease. In our study we considered the incisional or excisional biopsy with or without Fine-needle aspiration cytology before it, and it is the best diagnostic methods to diagnose the pathology of the lymphadenopathy, and all patients are treated according to his or her condition and there was no death rate during our study.
KEYWORDS cervical lymphadenopathy, neck, lymph gland.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Rakesh Kumar Shahi1*,P. Nigam2
1 Professor of Medicine, B.R.D Medical College, Gorakhpur, UP, India
2 Ret. Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, B.R.D Medical College,Gorakhpur, UP, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Rakesh Kumar Shahi,
I-83 Rapti Nagar, Phase-IV Near BPCl, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273001, India
Institution to which the research is associated with:
B.R.D Medical College, Gorakhpur
Article citation: Shahi RK, Nigam P. Analysis of prescribing patterns of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications in patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):23–26.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background Prescription of irrational drug is now a day’s a common practice globally; it can result in increase on morbidity, mortality and economic burden on society. Aims and Objective To study on drug prescribing pattern of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications. Materials and Methods A retrospective study on 150 diabetic patients attending OPD/ emergency/Indoor department of B.R.D Medical College and Nehru Chikitsalya Gorakhpur was done from May 2009 to October 2010. Results Most common antihypertensive and antidiabetic drug prescribed was calcium channel blockers in 71 (54%) and sulphonylurea in 108 (72%) patients.
KEYWORDS drug utilization, rational prescribing, fixed dose combinations, therapeutic audit, hypertensive patients
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4.Cheung BM, Wat NM, Tso AW, et al. Association between raised blood pressure and dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1889–91.
5.Yuen YH, Chang S, Chong CK, Lee SC, Critchlev JA, Chan JC. Drug utilization in a hospital general medical outpatient clinic with particular reference to antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1998;23:287–94.
6.Guerci B, Drouin P. Self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Auto-Surveillance Intervention Active (ASIA) study. Diabetes Metab. 2003;29:587–94.
7.Mastura I, Chew BH, Lee PY, Cheong AT, Sazlina SG, Jamaiyah H, et al. Control and Treatment Profiles of 70,889 Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Malaysia–A Cross Sectional Survey in 2009. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2011;3:98–113.
8. Vengurlekar S, Shukla P, Patidar P, Bafna R, Jain S. Prescribing pattern of antidiabetic drugs in Indore city hospital. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70:637–40.
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10.Tiwari H, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK. Prescription monitoring of antihypertensive drug utilization at the Panjab University Health Centre in India. Singapore Med J. 2004;45:117–20.
11.Pai PG, Shenoy J, Sanji N. Prescribing Patterns of antihypertensives drugs in a south Indian tertiary care hospital. Drug Invention Today. 2011;3:38–40.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Prafulla Govind Herode, Abhijeet Shroff, Vinod Nair, Krishan Yadav*, Jeegar Mohan Patel
Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Krishan Yadav, Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Background Surgical site infections are one of the most common nosocomial infections globally resulting in high morbidity and mortality.
Aim To determine the incidence and causing factors of surgical site infections at a tertiary care centre.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective study, which was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra from October 2014 to October 2015. A total of 100 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgeries were included in this study. The aim of the study was to study the incidence of post-operative wound infections and its effect on orthopaedic surgeries by evaluating the effectiveness of usage of pre-operative and post-operative intravenous antibiotics, the role of sterile measures such as gowns, scrub, masks, sterile gloves, drapes and operation theatre environments, in reducing the surgical site infection and in assessing the efficacy of surgical asepsis (that is surgeons hand scrub, antibiotics used prior to surgery, shaving prior to surgery and use of antibiotics prior to surgery) in orthopaedic surgeries.
Results Out of 100 patients in this study, the overall incidence of infection was 4%. Sex incidence, marginal though, but statistically significantly higher in female sex. Significant
correlation was noted between antibiotic administration and timing of surgery. Correlation between duration of surgery and incidence of infection in major surgeries was found to be statistically significant with p value 0.028.
Conclusion This study did not show any statistically significant correlation between age, scrub time, spirit used with respect to incidence of infection. The incidence of infection by gram –ve bacteria was higher than that of gram +ve bacteria. Pathogens isolated are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials.
KEYWORDS Wound infections, antibiotics, orthopedic surgeries.
References:
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Case report
Premraj Jadhav1,Snehal Shende2*,Prashant Jadhav3,Virsen Patil4
1 Professor & Guide, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
2 PG Student, Department of Prosthodontics,Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
4 Senior lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, TKDC & RC, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Snehal Shende, PG Student
Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental college & Research Center, New Pargaon, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India
Article citation: Jadhav P, Shende S, Jadhav P, Patil V. A modified retentive technique for fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(01):63–66.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Hand is a body part which is important for communication, body language and social contact along with its basic function of grasping. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss. For that when surgical reconstruction in patients is not possible or it is contraindicated, unavailable, may be unsuccessful or unaffordable, the prosthetic rehabilitation becomes an alternative option. Maxillofacial prosthesis replaces the lost body parts by using the silicone materials. These prosthesis support the patient physically as well as psychologically to enhance their confidence and social acceptance. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with missing finger using silicone prosthesis.
KEYWORDS partial finger amputation, prosthetic finger, RTV silicone
References:
1.The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94(1):10–92.
2. Miglani DC, Drane JB. Maxillofacial prosthesis and its role as a healing art. J Prosthet Dent. 1959;9(1):159–68.
3. Pereira BP, Kour AK, Leow EL, Pho RW. Benefits and use of digital prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1996;21:222–8.
4. Pillet J; Esthetic hand prostheses. J Hand Surg Am. 1983;8:778–81.
5. Singhal S, Chand P, Singh SV, Tripathi S. Modifications to simplify fabrication of finger prosthesis: a case series. J Prosthet Orthot. 2011;23(1):30–33.
6. Kanter JC. The use of RTV silicones in maxillofacial prosthetics. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24(6):646–53.
7. Pekkan G, Tuna SH, Oghan F. Extraoral prostheses using extraoral implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(4):378–83.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Acknowledgement: It gives the author immense pleasure to thank Dr. Ojas Hanchanale, Dr. Sarswati Chaware, Dr. Sneha Valgadde for their timely advice, practical assistance, efficacious guidance, altruistic co-operation and providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.